APE电动汽车 (EV) 电池供应链中的关键矿产和机遇概览.pdf

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1、 _ 2024/SOM2/AD/004 Agenda Item:2.2 Overview of Critical Minerals and Opportunities for APEC Economies in Electric Vehicle Battery Supply Chains Purpose:Information Submitted by:United States 39th Automotive Dialogue Arequipa,Peru 9-10 May 2024 Overview of Critical Minerals and Overview of Critical

2、Minerals and Opportunities for APEC Economies Opportunities for APEC Economies in EV Battery Supply Chainsin EV Battery Supply ChainsCharles UthusUnited States American Automotive Policy CouncilAD39-Agenda Item 2.2 9 May 2024Battery Science BasicsBattery Science BasicsBasic Science Batteries store e

3、nergy and convert it to electrical energy when in use.This electricity is produced by the movement of electrons small particles with a negative charge found in all atoms into negatively or positively charged ions.Chemical reactions within the battery move these ions from one electrode to another.Com

4、ponentsElectrodes Cathode(“positive”electrode):Provides positively charged ions(e.g.,lithium ions)during discharge.Anode(“negative”electrode):Accepts and stores positively charged ions during charge.Electrolyte:Either solid or liquid solution that facilitates movement of ions between cathode and ano

5、deSeparator:Thin,porous membrane placed between positively charged anode and negatively charged cathode to prevent an electrical short circuit while enabling the ions to move from one to the other.Structural components of a lithium-ion batteryBasic science of all batteriesEV Battery&Supply Chain Bas

6、icsEV Battery&Supply Chain BasicsEV Battery Chemistry Todays EVs mainly use lithium-ion(li-ion)chemistries.Primary li-ion cathode chemistries are:NCA(lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide)NMC(lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide)LFP(lithium iron phosphate)Li-ion EV batteries depend on varying amount