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AgriTech in the UAEIndustry Landscape Q3 2022July 2022www.dka.globalwww.srtip.aeContentsIntroductionAgriTech in the UAE Industry Landscape Q3 2022AgriTech in the UAE Industry Landscape Q3 2022 summarises vitalobservations in the AgriTech ecosystem of the UAE,a rapidlyevolving and growing industry.Based on the assembled and analyseddata,thereportrevealsvitalfeatures,trends,innovations,technologies,and market size,among other perspectives.Theanalytics of the report are based on information about 150 organisations,including 100 companies selected by sector,30 investors,10 Government Agencies&Hubs.Our report offers a wealth of valuable information and analysis onthe major opportunities,challenges,and trends that are currentlyshaping the AgriTech sector.Drawing on extensive research acrossa variety of primary and secondary sources,this comprehensivereport provides unique insights into topics investments in the UAEsAgriTech sector,product innovations,automation,food securityinitiatives,and much more.Why is AgriTech crucial for the UAE?The UAE currently importsmore than 85%of its food,and events such as the pandemic havedemonstrated that improving food security is a priority.The countrysgovernment has been quick to recognise its importance and hasacted decisively to push towards more self-sustaining practices.Now,the UAE aims to harness the innovation and export it to theworld.Introduction2AgriTech in the UAE Industry Landscape Q3 20223Report Methodology and Approach4Executive Summary51.AgriTech Industry Overview and Investment Landscape 6Global AgriTech Industry Overview 8The State of the UAEs AgriTech in 202210Notable UAE AgriTech Start-Ups12Investment Landscape in the UAE14Remarkable Investment Deals 152.Initiatives and Incentives in the UAE16Government Initiatives17National Food Security Strategy 18Smart Farming to Achieve Food Security 20FoodTech Challenge Prize21Upcoming Events 2022-2023223.Key Trends and Innovations 234.Growth Outlook and Key Takeaways 28Disclaimer35CompaniesInvestorsGovernment Agencies&HubsIndoor FarmingPrecision AgricultureCompanies:100 Investors:30 Government Agencies&Hubs:10AgriTech in the UAE Industry Landscape Q3 2022Alternative FarmingResearch&ConsultancyLivestock&PoultryAquacultureAgMarketplaceAgri InputsReport Methodology and Approach4Deep Knowledge AnalyticsNotes:*grouped by,but not limited toDatabaseCompaniesInvestorsSubsectorsIndustrySpecialised Databases Data Sources*Media Overview Industry Reports and ReviewsPublicly Available Sources DescriptiveAnalysisComparative AnalysisQualitative Data CollectionMixed Data ResearchSWOT AnalysisData FilteringApplied Research and Analytics Methods*Containing a comprehensive overview of the AgriTech Industry in the UAE,the report relies on various research methods and analyticstechniques.Deep Knowledge Analytics is not responsible for the quality of the secondary data presented herein;however,we do our best tominimise possible risks by cross-checking data and using different analytics techniques.Please note that we did not deliberately exclude certaincompanies from our analysis due to the data-filtering method used or difficulties encountered.In fact,the main reason for their absence wasincomplete or missing information in the available sources.Government Agencies&Hubs100 30 108The Global Challenges5Deep Knowledge AnalyticsSources:(1)The Food and Agriculture Organisation;(2)The National News;(3)FAO;(4)World Food Programme Without expanding agricultural frontiers at the expense of technology it is impossible to meet the future demand for food.The UAEs AgriTech plans help meet the global food challenge,driving down costs and showing which technologies work.Increased Food Consumption Climate ChangeFood Waste The worlds population is expected togrow to almost 10 billion by 2050,boosting agricultural demand by 50%compared to 20131.Rising living standards are also resultinginincreasedconsumptionofmeat,fruits,and vegetables,which are morecostly to produce than cereals andgrains.Agriculture both contributes to,and isaffected by,climate change.Agriculture currently accounts for 70%2of water use and the worlds foodsystems are responsible for more thanone-thirdofglobalanthropogenicgreenhouse gas emissions3.1/3 of food produced globally is eitherlost or wasted.This amounts to about 1.3 billion tonsper year,worth approximately$1 trillion.In developing countries,40%of lossesoccur at post-harvest and processinglevels.4Executive Summary6Deep Knowledge Analyticsprojected global AgriTech market sizeare UAE-based investorscompanies addressing sustainability of companies are micro-sized enterprises invested in UAE-based companies in 2021of market covered by Indoor Farming36f65%$0.6BKey Figures and Facts66%$22.6BThe AgriTech market has developed into a robust ecosystemin recent years.The start-up developed solar,cooling,and AI-led monitoring technologies,enabling them to grow food usingsaltwater,rather than freshwater,as the primary input.The UAE considers food security to be essential to the securityand wellbeing of its citizens and residents.In 2018,the UAElaunched its National Food Security Strategy to increaseproduction by 30-40%in 10 years.In the UAE,about 36%of the AgriTech market belongs to theIndoor Farming subsector.The second and the third biggesttypes are Precision Agriculture and Agri Inputs,with a 15.9%and 15.0%share,respectively.65%of AgriTech companies aremicro-sized enterprises with fewer than 50 employees.The UAEs plan is for half the food consumed in the Emiratesto be produced locally by 2051,compared to 20%today.Whilethe UAEs production might account for a tiny percentage ofglobal agricultural production,the implications of this plan gowellbeyondnationalborders.Thetransferenceoftechnologies from temperate regions to regions closer to theequator has historically been limited due to the drasticdifferences in agro-climatic conditions.FemTech Analytics 7AgriTech Industry Overview and Investment Landscape Global AgriTech Market Size1Global AgriTech Industry Overview 8Deep Knowledge AnalyticsAgriTech Funding Breakdown in 20212The global AgriTech market is projected to reach$22.6 billion by 2025,driven by the adoption of advanced technologies and demandfor food traceability and security.Venture capital investors pumped$51.7 billion into AgriTech start-ups in 2021( 85%compared to2020).Funding to e-grocery ventures grew an astounding 188%over 2020 and claimed more than a third of all AgriTech investments.Sources:(1)Statista;(2)AgFunder19.9GR$51.7B Investment3,155Deals4,570Investors$3BLargest dealThe UAE received$0.6 billion funding in 2021(around 1.1%of the global capital invested inAgriTech).The USA still dominates as the worlds market,with US-based start-ups raising 41%of allcapital and accounting for 34%of deals in 2021.The majority of investors invests in early-stagestart-ups.Tiger Global was among the mostactive growth-stage investors in 2021.ChineseonlinegrocerystoreXingshengSelected,also known as Furong Xingsheng,closed the largest deal of 2021,raising$3 billionin late-stage funding.Top 15 Countries by Investment in 20211Global AgriTech Industry Overview 9Deep Knowledge AnalyticsSources:(1)AgFunderThe UAE closed 22 investment deals in 2021 with atotal value of$0.6 billion,which ranks 15th of allcountries worldwide.US-based companies accounted for 41%of investmentcapital and 34%of deals.Of the$7.3 billion raised by Chinese AgriTech ventures,75%went to the e-grocery category.India is home to more than 450 AgriTech start-ups,growingata25GR,withFarmTechhavingemerged as vital to the future of Indian agriculture andfood systems.Israelscultivatedmeatstart-upswereparticularlysuccessful in raising capital,attracting the highestamount of funds.GermanyovertooktheUKasthetopAgriFoodinvestment market in Europe.Some 70%of the$3.3billion raised went to just two companies:instant-grocery delivery start-ups Flink and Gorillas.Share of AgriTech Companies by Subsector1The State of the UAEs AgriTech in 202210Deep Knowledge AnalyticsIndoor Farming is the largest category,comprising 36.4%of all analysed companies.This subsector includes such companies as Aranya Farms andMerlin Farms aiming to produce agricultural products indoors.The second and the third biggest types are Precision Agriculture(e.g.Verticroft andSilal)and Agri Inputs(e.g.RNZ International and MENA Agro and Feed),with a 15.9%and 15.0%share,respectively.According to research,65%ofAgriTech companies are micro-sized enterprises with fewer than 50 employees.Sources:(1)DKA Database1.9%Breakdown of AgriTech Companies by Number of Employees1Focus of AgriTech Companies,#of Companies1,*The State of the UAEs AgriTech in 202211Deep Knowledge AnalyticsSustainability is under the spotlight for UAE start-ups:66 companies address technologies to reduce food waste and greenhouse gas emissions.The UAE has the potential to be a major player in the vertical farming space because of its climate and the government support for such AgriTechinnovations.Sources:(1)DKA DatabaseNotes:*A company can use one or more technologiesTechnologies and Solutions Used in AgriTechVertical FarmingHydroponicsAg-Robotics&AutomationArtificial IntelligenceBlockchainRemote SensingIntelligent Data AnalysisInternet of ThingsMachine LearningBioTechReal-Time CamerasHydro Membrane FilmFogponicsAudio EngineeringSatellite ImageryNotable UAE AgriTech Start-Ups12Deep Knowledge AnalyticsPure Harvest Smart FarmsMadar FarmsFarminThe PlatformPalmearProducer and supplier of farm produce using hydroponic techniquesManufactures and operates shipping container-based indoor hydroponic farmsProvider of AI-based farm monitoring solutionsProvider of IoT-based precision farming services to farmersProvides technology solutions using AI and acoustics to detect pests in agricultureFounded Year20162017201920172019LocationAbu DhabiDubaiMasdar CityDubaiAbu Dhabi Funding$272Mn/an/an/an/aNotable UAE AgriTech Start-ups13Deep Knowledge AnalyticsHat Bazar AppsGlobalfandbFarmUnboxedRight FarmKrispr FarmsApp-based marketplace platform offering agricultural productsPlatform offering B2B grocery suppliesDigital marketplace connecting sellers and buyers dealing in agricultural commoditiesB2B ecommerce and supply-chain company,sourcing food directly from farmers for foodservice businessesOperators of vertical aeroponic farming systems sustainable production of leafy greensFounded Year20202020202020212017LocationDubaiDubaiDubaiDubaiDubaiFundingn/an/an/a$2.8Mn/aAgriTech Investors in the UAE14Deep Knowledge AnalyticsSources:(1)DKA Database65.6%The UAE18.8%Other6.3%USA6.3%Switzerland3.1%UKTheUAEsfavourableclimateandinfrastructure make it an ideal location forAgriTech companies,and the government issupportive of the sector through initiativessuch as the Dubai Industrial Strategy 2030.With a strong foundation in place,the AgriTechsector is poised for continued growth in thecoming years.TheAgriTechsectorsshowtheinherentprevalence of the UAE investors share in termsofinvestorrepresentation.Currentlyapproximately 66%of investment into the UAEAgriTech companies comes from UAE-basedinvestors.The three other significant investorcounties are the USA,Switzerland,and the UK.The rest of the investment comes from Kuwait,Saudi Arabia,and the Asia and Pacific(APAC)region.Investors by Countries1Remarkable Investment Deals in 202215Deep Knowledge AnalyticsSources:(1)The National News;(2)Bloomberg UAE start-ups accounted for 26%of all deals closed across theMENA region and 45%of all funding raised in 20211.In June 2022,UAE-based Pure Harvest Smart Farms raised$180.5million in its biggest ever fundraising.The firm,which already hasfarms in the UAE and Saudi Arabia,will use the funds to expand inthe Middle East and enter new markets in Asia2.It already has farmsin the UAE and Saudi Arabia,and will use the funds to expand in theMiddle East and enter new markets in Asia.In April 2022,Right Farm,a UAE agriculture technology start-up thatsources fresh produce for the food and retail sector,raised$2.8million in a seed funding round led by DisruptAD,the venture capitalplatform of Abu Dhabis holding company ADQ,and EnhanceVentures,a VC studio for Middle East,North Africa,Pakistan andTurkey(MENAPT)1.$2.8 million,agriculture technology start-up$180 million,the smart farming solution FemTech Analytics 16Initiatives and Incentives in the UAEtobringfouragriculturetechnologycompaniestotheEmirates(AeroFarms,Madar Farms,RNZ,and RDI).$100 Million Investment by Abu Dhabi Investment Office2Government Initiatives17Deep Knowledge Analyticswith the aim of increasing domestic foodproduction by 30%and giving the local foodprocessing industry the ability to triple output.public and private sector stakeholders fromthe agricultural technology sector.The teamsvision is to see the success of ground-breakingAgriTechprojects,oneexamplebeing growing rice in the Sharjah desert.to achieve zero hunger by ensuring access tosafe,nutritious,and sufficient food all yearround throughout the world and implementresilient agricultural practices that increaseproductivity and production.Sources:(1)Office of Food&Water Security;(2)The National NewsAppointment of the Minister of State for Food Security Establishment of the AgriTech Sector Development TeamLaunch of the National Food Security Strategy 20511National Food Security Strategy National Food Security Strategy 18Deep Knowledge AnalyticsSources:(1)Office of Food&Water Security;(2)The National NewsKey Objectives to Achieve Food Security:Vision Strategic DirectionsBecoming a world-leading hub in innovation-driven food security by 2051.Facilitate global agribusiness tradeand diversify international food sources;Reduce food loss and waste;Enhance sustainable technology-enableddomestic food supply across the value chain;Enhance capacity to respond to foodsecurity risks and crises;Sustain food safety and improve nutritional intake.Launched in 2018 to increase production by 30-40%in 10 years.The Russian invasion of Ukraine and almost 4 months of warhave disrupted global food supplies,exposing the fragile stateof food security across much of the Middle East and NorthAfrica.Thanks to this strategy,the UAE still imports 80%to90%2of its food.Make the UAE the worlds best in the Global Food SecurityIndex by 2051.Develop a comprehensive national system based on enablingsustainable food production through the use of moderntechnologies.Enhance local production:The UAEs plan is to have half of thefood consumed in the Emirates produced locally by 2051,compared to 20%today1.Develop international partnerships to diversify food sources.Activate legislation and policies that contribute to improvingnutrition.Activate legislation and policies to reduce waste.Food Imports(%of merchandise imports),200220202National Food Security Strategy Driving the UAEs AgriTech Revolution19Deep Knowledge AnalyticsSources:(1)Investment Monitor;(2)World Bank World Development IndicatorsUAE reduces food imports below global average.The country ismaking progress towards greater food security.Over the past 20years,it has reduced food imports as a proportion of totalmerchandise imports,remaining below the global average since2006.Embracing and nurturing AgTech is a priority for the Abu Dhabigovernment.Last year,ADIO announced more than AED500m inincentives to bring global AgTech pioneers to Abu Dhabi,as part ofits overall AED2bn Innovation Programme under Ghadan 21.Technology will be fundamental to finding a new way forward foragriculture.Agricultural organisations report a range of advantagesthat come from using IoT(e.g.improved operational efficiencies,enhancedinsightanddecision-making,costreduction).Withefficiency being top of Abu Dhabis objectives for agriculture,thevalue of this technology is unmatched.1Smart Farming to Achieve Food Security 20Deep Knowledge AnalyticsSources:(1)The Economic Times;(2)Ministry of Climate Change and EnvironmentSmart Farming in the UAE2Smart farming is the way forward to achieving food security,said Mariam Al Mheiri,the UAE Minister of Climate Change and Environment and Minister of State for Food Security.1177100advanced farms that use modern agricultural technologies and hydroponics.entities that are focused on organic farming.UAE,as a country that imports 85%of its food,focuses on interventions to improve the efficiency of its farms to achieve self-sufficiency.Growth of Food Trade Thanks to AgriTech Solutions1increase in food trade in 2021,total value reached$15.9 billion.growth of exports from the Emirates and reach$2.9 billion in 2021.increase of re-exports,$2.2 billion in 2021.The steady growth of the UAEs F&B exports is a good sign ofthecountrysmaturingfoodmanufacturingsectorandachieving self-sufficiency in the agriculture sector.1,000hydroponic farms,up from 50 in 2009. 11,3% 11% 10%Global FoodTech Challenge Prize to Attract AgriTech Solutions21Deep Knowledge AnalyticsIn April 2022,the UAE announced the$2 million Global FoodTech Challenge Prize to attract cutting-edge AgriTech companies1.UAE is looking for solutions to revolutionise:start-ups will be required to showcase solutions for improvingfoodsecurityanddevelopingnext-generationnutrient-richalternatives to imported crops that are no longer sustainable.$2MThe challenge is supported by:UAE Ministry of Climate Change and Environment;Tamkeen LLC,an Abu Dhabi-based company thatdevelopstheareassocial,cultural,andeducational sectors through partnered projectswith regional and global organisations;The Advanced Technology Research Council thatmanages R&D funding across the UAE;Silal,acompanyimprovingfooddistributionmodels in the UAE;Emirates Foundation,a charity set up by thegovernment of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.Sources:(1)FoodTech ChallengeFood production:Food loss and waste:developingtechnologiesthatencouragesustainableagricultural practice within the entire food supply chain.Upcoming Events 2022-2023Global Vertical Farming Show27-28 Jul 2022,DubaiICMAT 8 Nov 2022,DubaiICAAS 15 Aug 2022,DubaiICAAIT 29-30 Sep 2022,Dubai22Deep Knowledge AnalyticsGulfood 20-24 Feb 2023,DubaiAgra Middle East Exhibition5-26 Oct 2022,DubaiICABR28 Jul 2022,DubaiICMAT 20 Dec 2022,DubaiFemTech Analytics 23Key Trends and Innovations Four Trends Shaping AgriTech Growth in 202224Deep Knowledge AnalyticsHydroponics and Vertical FarmsAlternative CropsGreening the DesertAlternative ProteinsMinimal water usage is a benefit for this region,along with theability to control the environment using the right equipment.Hydroponics and vertical farms enable year-round operation.Dubai-based AgriTech start-up Desert Controls revolutionaryliquid natural clay technology that transforms deserts into fertileland is set to transform the agriculture sector in the Middle Eastand beyond.The UAE has already made significant progress in this area,witha number of companies working on developing plant-basedmeat and other alternative proteins.The UAE is also investing inresearch to develop new methods of producing protein.Sea asparagus,for example,is rich in nutrients and can quiteeasily be grown here.A couple of companies in Dubai arealready starting to explore the potential.Hydroponics and Vertical Farming 25Deep Knowledge AnalyticsBadia Farms was the first vertical farm to open its doors inDubai.The 8,500 sq.ft warehouse uses hydroponic technologyto grow in-demand microgreens and herbs for local restaurants.Projects like Badia Farms hope not only to close the gapbetween the farm and table but also help Dubai become globallyrecognised as a fruit and vegetable producer.Dubai Industrial City is home to Badia Farms new large-scalehigh-tech vertical farm.Emirates Flight Catering(EKFC)andCrop One are also co-investing$40 million to build the worldslargest vertical farming facility near Al Maktoum InternationalAirport at Dubai World Central.The project is a joint venture withUS-based Crop One Holdings,the worlds leading vertical farmoperator.The UAE has prioritised the use of hydroponic technologyamong farmers who rely on nutrient-rich water to grow plantswith the use of little or no soil.This revolutionary methodreduces water usage by up to 70%,while avoiding harmfulchemicals and allowing for a longer growing season.Emirates Hydroponics Farms(EHF)between Abu Dhabi andDubai is among the countrys largest hydroponic agriculturalproducers,andtheirhydroponicexpertsincludePegasusAgriTech in Dubai.Vertical FarmingHydroponic FarmingFood Tech Valley A Smart Food City 26Deep Knowledge AnalyticsDubaiThe UAE s is building a new smart city focused on agriculture and food production for its desert climate.1The projectis being developedby Wasl PropertiesThe project was launched in May 2021,18 million squareThe Food Tech Valley will be:Agricultural technologyand engineeringFood innovation centreR&D facilityAdvanced smart food logistics hubSources:(1)Western ProducerAn integrated modern city that develops alternative proteins,creates drought-resistant crops,and uses 3D technology and robots.A producer of over 300 varieties of crops,using modern farming techniques and the latest agri-technologies.A global destination for start-ups and industry experts to four main clusters.27Deep Knowledge AnalyticsCutting-Edge Technologies in the AgriTech Industry RoboticsAIBlockchain The global Food Robotics market wasvalued at$1.5 billion in 2019 and isexpected to reach$3.2 billion by theyear 2027,at a CAGR of 11.5%1.In modern competitive business,therole of robots is becoming significantforindustrialapplications.Twoimportant motivators for using robots inthe industry are the reduction of humaninterferenceandtheincreaseofproductivity.Shortages in manpower led the globalindustrytousemorerobotsandenhanced the annual growth rate ofrobots globally.The Artificial Intelligence component ofthe food and beverage market wasvalued at$3.07 billion in 2020 and isexpected to reach$29.94 billion by2026,at a CAGR of over 45.77%duringthe forecast period(2021-2026)2.One great example of AI in the AgriTechsector is project GAIA,designed to beaboldexampleofharnessingtechnology to make the desert greenagain.GAIA is an AI-driven AgriTechincubator that can improve productivityyields up to 30%using self-sustainingautomated technology,without usinghazardous chemicals,in a controlledindoor environment without the needfor electricity and water.The global blockchain in agriculture andfood supply chain market size wasestimated at$133 million in 2020;it isprojected to grow at a CAGR of 48.1%to reach$948 million by 20253.Blockchain technology is expected tobring multiple benefits to the multipleplayersinthefoodindustry.First,supplychainscanrevitalisetheirmanagement and handling as they willhave detailed information on memberprofiles,which provides a higher level ofcertainty over the safety of food.Proofof this is delivered to the consumer byimplementing QR codes and productlabelling.Sources:(1)Reportsanddata;(2)Motor Intelligence;(3)Market And MarketsFemTech Analytics 28Growth Outlook and Key Takeaways Looking Ahead:AgriTech in the UAE29Deep Knowledge AnalyticsSources:(1)Motor Intelligence;(2)Food Security;(3)Office of Food&Water SecurityMajor investmentIn Q1 2022in Chainalysis,blockchain data platform Successful completion of emergency drillsYield improvement from new technology-enabled productionReduction of food loss and wasteReduction in food safety incidentsCAGR of the UAE agriculture industry3.5005%Agriculture in the UAE is projected to register a CAGRof 3.5%during the forecast period of 2022-2027.1Abu Dhabi agricultural technology company Silal isupgrading 80 farms with new smart monitoring andirrigation technology and training farmers on how touse them amid a broader push for food security in theUAE.Silalplanstoinvest$54millionintheprogramme over 2 years and is aiming to improvesustainable agriculture across local farms,boost cropyields,andcontributetothenationalAgTechstrategy.2The National Food Security Strategy 2051 drivesfurthertechnologicalimprovementstoachievestrategic goals:315%reduction of food loss and waste;35%reduction in food safety incidents;100%successful completion of emergencydrills;15%increase in production of select strategicfood items;30%yield improvement from new technology-enabled production.#Deep Knowledge Analytics#Deep Knowledge AnalyticsIn the coming years,the UAE will continue to support the development of innovative AgriTech in pursuit of greater self-sufficiencyand overall security.The coronavirus pandemic and the effects of climate change make these goals critical to the success of theUAE as a nation as it looks to provide not only for its own citizen but also for its neighbours and global partners.Food security ispoised to remain at the top of the UAEs national agenda.The harsh climate of Dubai makes food security a constant concern and a controlled indoor farming system is a solution.In 2018,itlaunched its National Food Security Strategy 2051,aiming to ensure access to safe,nutritious food through resilient and sustainableagricultural practices.In June 2020,the Cabinet approved the National System for Sustainable Agriculture to improve the efficiencyof farms and enhance self-sufficiency,including cutting annual water consumption by irrigation by 15%.AgriTech is particularly vital to the UAEs ability to produce food locally,given the regions arid climate.Start-ups within the AgriTechecosystem are actively developing solutions they hope will be a key part of the countrys food security strategy.It is no wonder that Abu Dhabi is increasingly recognised by international investors and innovators as a global AgTech hub:the ideallocation from which to help drive forward the future of agriculture and address some of the biggest challenges facing the worldspopulation.Indoor Farming is the largest category,comprising 36.4%of all analysed companies.The second and the third biggest types arePrecision Agriculture and Agri Inputs,with a 15.9%and 15.0%share,respectively.According to research,65%of AgriTech companiesare micro-sized enterprises with fewer than 50 employees.Key TakeawaysMarket Research and B2B Matching Tool Obtain competitor analysis,product and market research;Find partners or service providers that specialise in your niche.31Deep Knowledge AnalyticsFoodTech Dashboard:Dynamic 360 Views of the Industry EcosystemForcompaniesLocate Start-Ups and Take a Closer Look at Them Browse FoodTech start-ups,scale-ups,and public companies to invest in or work with;Analyse industries and companies of interest;Monitor updates in real time.Forinvestors#Deep Knowledge Analytics#Deep Knowledge AnalyticsDeep Knowledge Analytics DashboardsDashboard OverviewDeep Knowledge Analytics is building a sophisticated cloud-based engine for advanced market and business intelligence in various DeepTechindustries.This includes a data-mining engine,infrastructure for expert data curation,and advanced visualisation dashboards,containingmind maps,knowledge graphs,and 3D visualisations.The dashboard can be developed with a varied industrial and regional scope and standsas an interactive tool for advanced data visualisation,which allows for the user-friendly experience.Smart matching toolCompanies databaseInvestor databaseSWOT analysisMachine Learning for database extrapolationMachine Learning and deep neural networks for companies clusterisationMachine Learningfor COVID-19 predictionsGovernmental programmes for digital companies databaseDynamic SWOT analysis representing evolution of a companyInteractive industry mind-mapsReal-time investments data analytics platform for DeepTech corporationsLongevity Industry financial instruments analytics#Deep Knowledge Analytics#Deep Knowledge AnalyticsStay on Top of the Latest IntelligenceReportsEvents#Deep Knowledge Analytics#Deep Knowledge AnalyticsAbout Deep Knowledge AnalyticsAbout Sharjah Research,Technology,and Innovation ParkDeep Knowledge Analytics is a DeepTech-focused agency,an analytical subsidiaryof Deep Knowledge Group,that produces advanced analytics on DeepTech andfrontier-technology industries.It uses sophisticated multidimensional frameworksand algorithmic methods that combine hundreds of specially designed andspecifically weighted metrics and parameters to deliver sophisticated marketintelligence and pragmatic forecasting and tangible industry benchmarking.Established in 2016 by royal decree of H.H.Sheikh Sultan Bin Muhammad AlQasimi,Ruler of Sharjah,United Arab Emirates,Sharjah Research,Technology andInnovation Park Free Zone(SRTIP)aims to develop and manage an innovationecosystem that promotes Research and Development and supports enterpriseactivities and the triple helix collaboration of industry,government and academia.Deep Knowledge Analytics(DKA)DisclaimerThe information and opinions in this report were prepared by Deep Knowledge Analytics.The information herein is believed by DKA to be reliable but DKA makes norepresentation as to the accuracy or completeness of such information.There is no guarantee that the views and opinions expressed in this communication will cometo pass.DKA may provide,may have provided or may seek to provide advisory services to one or more companies mentioned herein.In addition,employees of DKA mayhave purchased or may purchase securities in one or more companies mentioned in this report.Opinions,estimates and analyses in this report constitute the currentjudgment of the author as of the date of this report.They do not necessarily reflect the opinions of DKA and are subject to change without notice.DKA has no obligationto update,modify or amend this report or to otherwise notify a reader thereof in the event that any matter stated herein,or any opinion,estimate,forecast or analysis setforth herein,changes or subsequently becomes inaccurate.This report is provided for informational purposes only.It is not to be construed as an offer to buy or sell or asolicitation of an offer to buy or sell any financial instruments or to participate in any particular trading strategy in any jurisdiction.E-mail:infodka.globalWebsite:www.dka.globalLink to the Report:www.dka.global/agritech-uae-q3-2022

2022-11-30 35页 5星级

气候政策倡议组织（CPI）：2022年农业、林业、其他土地用途和渔业气候融资概况报告（英文版）（21页）.pdf

Preliminary findingsLandscape of Climate Finance for Agriculture,Forestry,Other Land Uses and FisheriesSupported by:2Authors:Daniela Chiriac,Harsha Vishnumolakala,Paul Rosane Acknowledgements:The authors would like to thank contributions from Barbara Buchner,Dharshan Wignarajah,Baysa Naran,Anna Balm,Rob Kahn,and Caroline Dreyer,for advice,editing and internal review and Josh Wheeling and Angela Woodall for layout and graphic design.The authors also acknowledge contributions from Jake Connolly for database maintenance,data cleaning,research,and project support.The authors appreciate the review and guidance from the following expert outside CPI:Mike Reddaway(UK Foreign,Commonwealth and Development Office).Photo credits:Shabdita Bajpai and Anna Balm.Recommended citation:Climate Policy Initiative.2022.“Landscape of Climate Finance for Agriculture,Forestry,other Land Use and Fisheries:Preliminary Findings.”Related CPI works:Global Landscape of Climate Finance:A Decade of DataLandscape of Climate Finance in AfricaClimate Finance Innovation for AfricaThe Landscape of Methane Abatement FinanceGlobal Landscape of Climate Finance 2021Examining the Climate Finance Gap for Small-Scale AgricultureContact:Daniela Chiriac daniela.chiriaccpiglobal.orgAbout CPI:CPI is an analysis and advisory organization with deep expertise in finance and policy.Our mission is to help governments,businesses,and financial institutions drive economic growth while addressing climate change.CPI has six offices around the world in Brazil,India,Indonesia,the United Kingdom,and the United States.Copyright 2022 Climate Policy Initiative www.climatepolicyinitiative.orgAll rights reserved.CPI welcomes the use of its material for noncommercial purposes,such as policy discussions or educational activities,under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International(CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0)License.For commercial use,please contact admincpisf.org3Between 2013 and 2020,climate finance to agriculture,forestry,other land uses,and fisheries(AFOLU*)followed a mostly positive trend.However,it recorded a 20%drop between the period 2017/18 and 2019/20,with the latter annual average reaching USD 16.3 billion.This represents only 2.5%of total climate finance tracked,indicating that AFOLU sectors are underfunded in comparison to other sectors,like renewable energy generation receiving 51%or low-carbon transport with nearly 26%of the total.Current levels of tracked AFOLU climate finance are dwarfed by the estimated need to place the sectors on a pathway compatible with the Paris Agreement.AFOLU sectors require a nearly 26-fold increase in annual funding,i.e.,USD 423 billion annually by 2030(compared with the annual average of USD 16.3 billion in 2019/20)in order to shift to a low-carbon and climate resilient trajectory.New capital is required to finance this overarching shift which represents a business opportunity for the agri-food private sector.Returns-to-investment ratio is estimated at over 15:1 for society and businesses.Equally,governments need to play an essential role by repurposing existing harmful public support for unsustainable AFOLU towards sustainable agricultural production practices and healthy diets.More policy and finance mobilization efforts are required to accelerate and scale up investments,as well as improve the quality of finance and reporting.In this regard,measurement and disclosure of the impact and outcomes of AFOLU climate finance deployed is essential to assess its effectiveness.The growth in overall climate finance for AFOLU translated into a significant increase in finance for climate mitigation,while climate adaptation seems to plateau for the period 2015-2020.The AFOLU sector is uniquely positioned to deliver triple wins in terms of(1)productivity and incomes,(2)climate adaptation and resilience and(3)GHG emissions reduction through the use of climate-smart agriculture integrative approaches.This remains insufficiently explored.Therefore,increased focus on AFOLU investments with dual benefits should feature high on public and private funders agendas.*For the purposes of this report,the acronym“AFOLU”includes fisheries.Key Findings4An overwhelming majority of tracked AFOLU climate finance originates from public sources,with philanthropies providing the small fraction identified on the private side.Multiple barriers limit private investments in the AFOLU sectors including high real and perceived risks coupled with lack of impact considerations which discourage private investments.Rapidly scaling up successful blended finance mechanisms should be a priority in the quest to fill the climate finance gap.The East Asia and Pacific region is the lead recipient of climate finance for AFOLU,followed by Sub-Saharan Africa.While Sub-Saharan Africa remains one of the lowest recipients of total climate finance across all sectors,the region attracts substantive investments towards AFOLU,which speaks to the economic significance of AFOLU within the region 23%of Sub-Saharan Africas GDP comes from agriculture.Forestry and agriculture combined receive nearly 80%of the AFOLU climate finance in 2019/20.Conversely,climate financial flows targeting fisheries represent a minor fraction,as are those addressing food loss&waste,and low-carbon diets.Increased investments in these areas could unlock the potential that wider food consumption patterns hold for climate change mitigation.Data gapsDespite sustained efforts to improve coverage of the data collected,significant gaps still persist on the public domestic financial flows as well as domestic and international finance flows from private sector actors.While the findings presented should be interpreted with these data constraints in mind,they still provide a valuable overview of the known actions in this space and point to the need for increased standardization of climate solutions and consistent data disclosure by both public and private sectors.Key Findings5Table of Contents1.Introduction62.Preliminary Findings9Global Trends of Climate Finance for AFOLU10Global Trends Compared to Needs11Finance Trends by Climate Objective12Finance Trends by Sources13Geographic Destination of Financial Flows14Sub-Sectoral Distribution 153.Next Steps164.References181.Introduction7Over the last decade,the agriculture,forestry,other land uses,and fisheries(AFOLU)sectors were responsible for 13-21%of global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions(IPCC,2022,IPCC AR6 WGIII,Chapter 7).More widely,food system-related emissions,represent 34%of total GHG emissions per year,primarily comprising agriculture production and land-use activities(71%),with the remainder(29%)originating from other supply chain activities(retail,transport,consumption,etc.)(Crippa etal.,2021).Due to their substantive contribution to GHG emissions,AFOLU sectors are uniquely positioned to deliver significant climate mitigation benefits in a relatively low-cost and quick manner.Against this setting,the rapid deployment of finance for climate mitigation in AFOLU is critical to help align with the 1.5C Paris Agreement target.Furthermore,agriculture and food systems are disproportionately exposed and vulnerable to adverse climate-related shocks,particularly so in low-income countries.Beyond the immediate impact on the quality and yield of agricultural production,climate change is undermining food access and inflicting economic loss(Holleman et al.,2020).On average,the AFOLU sectors have a significant economic importance in low-income countries,representing 25%of their GDP and providing employment to 63%of the workforce.In contrast,these figures are 8%and 30%respectively in middle-income countries and 1%and 3%respectively in high-income countries(FOLU,2019).This brief report presents the preliminary findings of an ongoing larger study,aiming to provide a comprehensive analysis ofthe global climate finance flowing towards AFOLU.The complete study is planned for publication in Spring 2023,and will aim to provide a baseline for the current and past volumes of global climate finance targeting AFOLU.The preliminary findings are based on analysis of the consolidated dataset 2013-2020 produced for CPIs Global Landscape of Climate Finance series(CPI,2022a).Despite sustained efforts to improve coverage of AFOLU data collected,significant gaps still persist on the public domestic financial flows as well as domestic and international finance flows from private sector actors(CPI,2022a;CPI,2020).The findings presented should therefore be interpreted with these data constraints in mind.The full publication will seek to fill some of these data gaps.Background8The goal of the study is to measure progress and help to define ambitions and actions to increase investments in AFOLU,whilefostering greater consensus on the priorities for climate finance in the sector.The release of these preliminary findings at COP27 is meant,in addition to fuelling ambitions and commitments from both the public and private sector,to equally stress the importance of following up on those commitments by regularly disclosing quantitative information on actual implementation,so that progress in the transition can be transparently and reliably measured.This study is produced by CPI as the Secretariat of the ClimateShot Investor Coalition(CLIC),an action-oriented group of leaders in the impact investment community working in agriculture and food systems globally.CLIC aims to collectively scale-up and accelerate finance for agriculture and food systems with the vision to shift these sectors to a low-carbon,climate-resilient and nature-positive pathway by 2030,thus delivering on the ambitions of the Glasgow Breakthrough Agenda on Agriculture.Launched at COP26,the Breakthrough Agenda on Agriculture aims to“make climate-resilient,sustainable agriculture the most attractive and widely adopted option for farmers everywhere by 2030.”This research on AFOLU climate finance flows supports the delivery of the Breakthrough Agenda on Agriculture.The first annual Breakthrough Agenda report 2022(IEA et al.,2022)sets out the vast gap between needs and current financial flows of international climate finance into the agriculture sector and calls on participating countries of the Agriculture Breakthrough and private sector investors to channel larger volumes of climate finance to agri-SMEs and smallholder farmers,particularly in developing countries.Our study will complement the Breakthrough Report by delving into greater detail,providing a baseline for global climate finance targeting AFOLU based on historical data as well as providing recommendations on modalities for governments,development finance institutions,and the private sector,to work together and make more finance available.The study is included as one of the Priority International Actions for 2023 identified by participating countries of the Agriculture Breakthrough and will be used to inform dialogue in 2023 between Breakthrough countries on further actions that can be taken to accelerate progress to the 2030 Agriculture Breakthrough.Relevance2.Preliminary Findings10In the period 2013 2020,climate finance for AFOLU increased at a slightly higher rate*(11%)compared with global flows across all sectors(10%).AFOLU flows peaked in 2017/18,at USD 20.5 billion annual average*,representing a more than two-fold increase compared with 2013/14 and 80%more than 2015/16.However,the 2019/20 sectoral distribution shows that AFOLU,with only 2.5%of total climate finance,lags behind other sectors like renewable energy generation receiving 51%or low-carbon transport with nearly 26%of the total climate finance(CPI,2022a).More efforts are required to accelerate and scale up investments,as well as improve the quality of finance and reporting.In this regard,disclosing the impact and outcomes of AFOLU climate finance deployed is essential to assess its effectiveness(CPI,2022a).While the global climate finance flows across sectors continued the upward trend between 2017/18 and 2019/20,AFOLU was the only sector recording a fall in 2019/20(CPI,2022a).A few plausible factors could explain the AFOLU drop:(1)funding fluctuations of few large reporting institutions;(2)changes in the methodologies used by reporting institutions or(3)impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing economic crises affecting the sector disproportionately.Further analysis on the possible explanatory factors as well as potential updates of the funding levels for the sector will be included in the larger study to be published in Spring 2023.Between 2013 and 2020,climate finance to AFOLU followed a generally positive trend,however,it recorded a large drop in 2019/20.Figure 2.1:Global climate finance flows to AFOLU sectors(USD billions,annual averages between 2013 and 2020)*CAGR refers to the growth rate at an annual compounded rate to show smoothed rate taking into account any fluctuations year on year*CPI traditionally reports two-year averages to smooth out annual fluctuations in data.The upcoming larger study will as much as possible use annual figures where they fulfil CPIs standards of accuracy.11The AFOLU sectors require a nearly 26-fold increase in annual funding by 2030 compared with the 2019/20 annual average in order to shift to a low-carbon and climate resilient trajectory.Data and knowledge on climate finance needs are constantly evolving and their assessment will change with the course of actions taken by public and private actors and with more data becoming available.However,based on recent estimates in the literature reviewed,the comprehensive transition of the AFOLU sectors requires on average USD 423.4 billion per year*up to 2030*.To achieve this in the next eight years,there is an urgent need for investment to support the shift in major areas of the agriculture and food systems,including regenerative crop production,sustainable livestock and fishery practices,stop deforestation,scale up diversified proteins production and consumption,reduce food loss and waste,training farmers,build the rural infrastructure as well as educate and provide access to reproductive health for women and girls in rural areas(UNEP,2021;FOLU,2019;Harmsen et al.,2019)New capital is required to finance this overarching shift;for the agri-food private sector,embedding climate and nature sustainability in their operations represents a major business opportunity.Investments in these transition avenues are estimated to have a return to investment ratio of more than 15:1 for society and businesses(FOLU,2019).Equally,governments need to play an essential role.Worldwide,public support for the agricultural and food systems sectors is estimated at USD 620 billion per year(IFPRI,2022),thus holding a high potential to be repurposed towards sustainable production practices and healthy diets.Calls for action in this direction are multiplying(IFPRI,2022;IEA et al.,2022).Climate finance to AFOLU is dwarfed by the estimated needed to place the sectors on a Paris-compatible pathway.Figure 2.2 Global tracked climate finance flows and the average estimated annual climate investment need through 2030*The average between a low estimate of USD 300 billion and a high estimate of USD 547 billion.*After 2030,annual estimates change.12The growth in overall climate finance for AFOLU translated into a significant increase in finance for climate mitigation,while climate adaptationseems to plateau in absolute numbers for the period 2015-2020.Finance targeting climate mitigation recorded a major leap from USD 3 billion annual average for 2015/16 to USD 10.6 billion annual average for 2017/18.Adaptation finance,however,has fluctuated only mildly over 2015 2020 and dropped in 2019/20.Although adaptation finance takes a considerably larger share in the total climate finance for AFOLU at 34%,compared with the overall climate finance across sectors at only 7.4%,this needs to be compared against the high climate risks which excessively affect agriculture,food systems,and rural communities(Holleman et al.,2020).Yet,while urgently needed,investments in climate adaptation are also notoriously challenging in the agriculture and food systems sectors,which explains the low levels of investment.Adaptation measures in agriculture lack markets where their impacts can be monetized,similar to carbon markets,thus they cannot be converted into additional revenue streams for farmers or investors.Without public or philanthropic support,private investors lack the incentives to come into this space.(ISF,2016).Yet the AFOLU sector is uniquely positioned to deliver triple wins in terms of(1)productivity and incomes,(2)climate adaptation and resilience,and(3)GHG emissions reduction through the use of climate-smart agriculture integrative approaches(FAO,2013).This opportunity remains insufficiently explored,therefore increased focus on investments with both climate mitigation and adaptation benefits should feature high on public and private funders agenda.Finance for adaptation in AFOLU is stagnating,while integrated approaches for adaptation and mitigation remain underutilised.Figure 2.3 Global tracked climate finance flows for AFOLU by climate objectives within(USD billions,annual averages for the period 2013-2020)13The private finance tracked is primarily sourced from institutional investors,mainly philanthropic foundations,and has passed the 1%threshold for the first time in the 2019/20 period.This is partially attributed to the inclusion of new data*,thus an actual increase in private financial flows is difficult to determine at this point.Unlike public finance flows from the Global North to South,data on private finance flows is scarce and fragmented,making it particularly challenging to gather datasets of the same granularity as for public sector finance.This is in large part due to an absence of reporting obligations and a systematic framework for the private sector(CPI,2021a;CPI,2020).Even with these caveats in mind,the low figures of private investments in AFOLU are indicators of a considerable lag compared with other sectors.As of 2019/20,across sectors,49%of total climate finance originate from private sources(CPI,2021a).Multiple barriers limit private investments in the AFOLU sectors including high actual and perceived risks,upfront and transaction costs,small tickets sizes,long pay-back periods and low returns(CPI,2021b).The high vulnerability to climate change of the sector coupled with the need for adaptation investments discourage private investments.Blended finance approaches offer opportunities for increased private investor participation in AFOLU and they seem to gain momentum reaching 28%of total blended finance deals in 2020,compared to only 16tween 2015-17(Convergence,2021).In light of the vast climate finance gap that still needs to be filled,innovative ways to replicate and scale-up successful blended finance instruments should be prioritized in the AFOLU sectors.An overwhelming majority of AFOLU climate finance originates from public sources.Figure 2.4 Sources of climate finance within AFOLU,by actor type(USD billions,annual averages between 2013 and 2020)*Part of CPIs work on the Landscape of Climate Finance in Africa publication(CPI,2022).Public sources include primarily national,bilateral,and multilateral development finance institutions as well as governments.Grants,concessional debt,and market-rate debt constitute the majority of these public finance flows.14The primary source of finance for these regions are national and multilateral DFIs as well as governments.Sub-Saharan Africa remains one of the lowest regional recipients of total climate finance across all sectors,standing at only 3.4%,or approximately USD 22 bn(CPI,2022a).Despite this,the region attracts substantive investments towards AFOLU,second only to its Energy Systems sector(CPI,2022b).This trend speaks to the economic significance of AFOLU within the region 23%of Sub-Saharan Africas GDP comes from agriculture(Goedde et al.,2019).Our analysis reveals the extent of data gaps on climate finance for AFOLU.At the moment,we lack standardized and comparable data on investments for US&Canada as well as for Australia&Oceania were,while for Western Europe,Eastern Europe,and Central Asia,data on private sector investments constitute a gap.One of the objectives of the full report will be to provide quantitative and qualitative insights into these data gaps.The East Asia and Pacific region is the lead recipient of AFOLU climate finance with 39%of the total,followed by Sub-Saharan Africa receiving 24%.Figure 2.5 Destination region of climate finance to AFOLU,by public/private sources(USD millions,2019/20 annual average)The destination of USD770 million annual average could not be accurately identified due to inconsistent reporting methodologies among data sources.*Unknown sources for SSA financing due to additional data collection compared with the other regions.15Climate finance towards fisheries represent a minor fraction,standing at only 1%of the tracked climate finance,despite the potential for many seafood species to constitute a source of protein with lower GHG emission rates than land animal proteins(Bianchi et al.,2022).Similarly,finance addressing food loss and waste,as well as low-carbon diets constitutes less than 1%of the finance tracked,although they are identified as two of the key levers to address climate change in food systems(FOLU,2019;IEA et al.,2022).Scarce data for these two sub-sectors can explain the small financial flows identified,thus stressing the importance of standardized data collection methodologies as well as systematic reporting of investment data,particularly from the private sector.The extended study is aiming to fill some of the data gaps identified,particularly private investments in alternative proteins.Yet,our results also constitute an indicator of the untapped potential that fisheries as well as wider food consumption patterns hold for climate change,which could be unlocked with increased investment.Forestry and agriculture combined receive nearly 80%of AFOLU climate finance in 2019/20.Figure 2.6:Sub-sectoral distribution of climate finance towards AFOLU(percentage of 2019/20 annual average)3.Next Steps17The findings presented in this report constitute the foundation of a larger study planned for publication in Spring 2023.We will build on these preliminary findings to:Deepen our analysis of climate finance flows to AFOLU as well as expand the coverage of our datasets particularly on the private sector investments.Analyze climate finance flows towards small-scale AFOLU.Produce recommendations on addressing the finance and data gaps for various groups of stakeholders.Meanwhile,we welcome your comments and inputs at:daniela.chiriaccpiglobal.orgcliccpiglobal.orgPlease also visit our webpage for any latest news on the ClimateShot Investor Coalition(CLIC):https:/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/climateshot-investor-coalition-clic/Watch this space4.References19Bianchi M,Hallstrm E,Parker R.W.R.,Mifflin K,Tyedmers P,Ziegler F.2022.Assessing seafood nutritional diversity together with climate impacts informs more comprehensive dietary advice.Communications Earth&Environment,Volume 3,Page 188.https:/doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00516-4.Climate Policy Initiative(CPI)B.Naran,J.Connolly,P.Rosane,D.Wignarajah,E.Wakaba,B.Buchner.2022a.“Global Landscape of Climate Finance:A Decade of Data 2011-2020.”https:/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/global-landscape-of-climate-finance-a-decade-of-data/.CPI Meattle C,Padmanabhi R,Fernandes P,Balm A,Wakaba G,Chiriac D,Tonkonogy B.2022b.Landscape of Climate Finance in Africa.https:/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/landscape-of-climate-finance-in-africa/.CPI.2021a.“Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2021.”https:/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/global-landscape-of-climate-finance-2021/CPI Chiriac D,Byrd R.2021b.Leveraging Policy Tools to Improve Impact of Financial Instruments in Sustainable Agriculture,Forestry and Other Land Use(AFOLU).https:/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Leveraging-Policy-Tools-to-Improve-AFOLU-Impact-Oct-2021.pdf.CPI Chiriac D,Naran B,Falconer A.2020.Examining the Climate Finance Gap for Small-Scale Agriculture.https:/www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/climate-finance-small-scale-agriculture/.Convergence.2021.The State of Blended Finance 2021.https:/www.convergence.finance/resource/the-state-of-blended-finance-2021/viewCrippa M,Solazzo E,Guizzardi D,Monforti-Ferrario F,Tubiello F.N.,Leip A.2021.Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions.Nature Food,Volume 2,Pages 198-209.https:/ and Agriculture Organisation.2013.Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook.https:/www.fao.org/3/i3325e/i3325e.pdf.References20Food and Other Land Use Coalition(FOLU).2019.Growing Better:Ten Critical Transitions to Transform Food and Land Use.https:/www.foodandlandusecoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/FOLU-GrowingBetter-GlobalReport.pdf.Goedde L,Ooko-Ombaka A,Pais G.2019.Winning in Africas agricultural market.McKinsey.https:/ J.H.M.,Van Vuuren D.P.,Nayak D.R.,Hof A.F.,Hglund-Isaksson L,Lucas P,Nielsen J,Smith P,Stehfest E.2019.Long-term marginal abatement cost curves of non-CO2 greenhouse gases.Environmental Science&Policy,Volume 99,Pages 136-149.https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.05.013.Holleman C,Rembold F,Crespo O,Conti V.2020.The impact of climate variability and extremes on agriculture and food security.Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO).https:/www.fao.org/3/cb2415en/cb2415en.pdf.Initiative for Smallholder Finance(ISF).2016.The Climate Conundrum:Financing Smallholder Productivity and Resilience in the Age Of Climate Change.https:/isfadvisors.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/isf_briefing_13_the_climate_conundrum.pdf.International Food Policy Research Institute(IFPRI).2022.Global Food Policy Report:Climate Change and Food Systems.https:/ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/135889/filename/136101.pdf.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC).2022.Climate Change 2022:Mitigation of Climate Change.https:/www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Full_Report.pdf.International Energy Agency(IEA),International Renewable Energy Agency(IRENA),UN Climate Change High-Level Champions,Marrakech Partnership.2022.The Breakthrough Agenda Report 2022.https:/ Nations Environment Programme(UNEP).2021.State of Finance for Nature.https:/www.unep.org/resources/state-finance-nature.ReferencesclimatepolicyclimatepolicyinitiativeThank You

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联合国粮农组织（FAO）：2022年下半年全球粮食市场展望报告（英文版）（100页）.pdf

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