全球化研究报告-PDF版

国家运输委员会（NTC）：解决驾驶员注意力分散问题：开发技术中立的道路规则（英文版）（122页）.pdf

分心是全国公认的一个关键的道路安全风险，需要有效地解决。2018年5月，澳大利亚交通与基础设施委员会通过了一项商业案例，强调澳大利亚关于司机分心的道路规则只规范了特定设备的使用，并且正在迅速变得过时。美国国家交通委员会(NTC)已经编写了这份决定性法规影响声明(RIS) ，以评估技术中立的法规方案，解决驾驶员分心问题。对成本和效益进行了定性评估，并酌情辅之以指示性估计数，以便为向决策者提出的拟议政策建议提供信息。这项决定考虑了现状、规定性、基于表现的和混合的选择，以及：评估了不同备选方案如何解决这一问题，评估了政策备选方案对工业界、政府和社区的影响，得出了解决已查明问题的最有效办法的结论。建议采用的混合方案带来了相对于现状的总体好处，减少安全风险方面的可能改进大大超过了遵守成本的任何可能增加。Ntc 预计这一选择将提供最高的道路安全好处，减少分心相关的道路事故的数量。拟议的政策旨在提供一种解决所有干扰源的方法，而不仅限于与技术的互动。它要求司机和乘客必须确保安全执行与驾驶无关的任务。如果交通和基础设施委员会同意这项政策，全国过渡委员会将在整个立法起草过程中与议会律师办公室合作。

2021-03-04 122页 5星级

奥纬咨询（Oliver Wyman）：2021-2031年全球航空运输机队及其维修市场预测报告（英文版）（58页）.pdf

在经历了5年的增长和盈利后，航空业如今正进入一个充满不确定性的10年，至少在头两三年，还面临着巨大的财务压力。根据国际航空运输协会的数据，随着新型冠状病毒肺炎在世界范围内的传播，航空业在2020年损失.

2021-03-03 58页 5星级

印度工商联合会（FICCI）：印度铁路2.0：在货运中夺回领先地位（英文版）（52页）.pdf

健全的运输和物流基础设施对经济发展至关重要。可以肯定的是，一个现代化、成本效益高的交通基础设施，不仅确保了一个经济体的竞争力，而且也为高工业增长提供了跳板。在印度，铁路是众所周知的“生命线”，因为印度铁路每年运输12亿吨货物和84亿乘客。然而，随着时间的推移，铁路相对于其他运输方式，特别是公路，已经失去了相当大的优势。值得注意的是，在货运部门，2019财政年度铁路的份额约为32%，而2008财政年度为52% (考虑到运输距离超过300公里)。铁路份额的缩减主要归因于公路基础设施和公路运输业的发展，公路运输业的发展推动了公路运输的发展，以及消费者行为和工业及消费模式的变化，这些都增加了对更快捷运输、服务可靠性和可预测性的需求。铁路运力不足、政策不灵活、关税高、商业和营销手段有限等因素，使这种情况进一步恶化。铁路在货运模式组合中所占份额的恶化，不仅对国际社会，而且对经济都是令人担忧的。显然，印度的物流成本约占国内生产总值的14%，明显高于北美(8%)和欧洲(9-10%)等可比经济体。

2021-02-25 52页 5星级

亚洲开发银行（ADB）：太平洋贸易和海上运输趋势（英文版）（52页）.pdf

本研究考察了亚洲开发银行6个太平洋发展中成员国的贸易流动情况: 斐济、巴布亚新几内亚、萨摩亚、东帝汶、汤加和瓦努阿图。本研究旨在为支持整个区域的贸易便利化举措提供长期规划依据。为此，它向各国政府和发展.

2021-02-07 52页 5星级

全球电池联盟（GBA）：安全有效的全球电池运输框架（英文版）（19页）.pdf

全球电池联盟在2021年1月发布了白皮书：安全有效的全球电池运输框架。本报告介绍如下：1.机会：一个可持续循环的BEV电池价值链，能释放出重要的环境和经济效益。与没有采取协调一致的循环经济行动相比，到2030年，电动汽车电池的需求增加35% ，同时使运输和电力部门所需减排量的30% 保持在协议规定的2 目标排放预算之内。2.挑战：使废旧电动汽车电池的越境转移能够促进符合规章制度的循环性和交易的透明度，以防止不负责任的处置。3.解决方案：改变电动汽车电池的全球价值观，促进电池的回收和再利用。全球对电池的需求以及电池的碳减排效益都呼吁在整个价值链中应用循环经济原则从设计和再生到安全回收和减少浪费。4.建议：建议五个关键的干预措施，以促进可持续的跨界流动，培养循环电池价值链。

2021-01-25 19页 5星级

CEEW：印度电动汽车转型：在新冠肺炎之后电动汽车能支持印度经济的持续复苏吗？（英文版）（66页）.pdf

能源环境和水资源委员会在2020年11月发布了报告：印度电动汽车转型：在新冠肺炎之后电动汽车能支持印度经济的持续复苏吗？。电动车的未来伴随着私人交通和公共交通的发展。2030年30% 的电力需求转变可.

2021-01-19 66页 5星级

美国交通部：美国自动驾驶汽车综合计划（英文版）（38页）.pdf

AUTOMATED VEHICLES Comprehensive Plan AS our country faces new challenges, the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) is more committed than ever to improving the daily lives of the American public through leadership in transportation innovation. Recent events have highlighted the importance of developing and maintaining a resilient transportation system that keeps our supply chains safe, open, and operational, and helps Americans access jobs, healthcare, and education. Emerging technologies such as automated vehicles have the potential to contribute to this goal by improving safety, transforming mobility, and promoting economic growth. Through years of ongoing and active engagement with the automotive industry and other transportation stakeholders, U.S. DOT has made significant progress in establishing a regulatory environment supportive of safety and new technologies, but there is still much work to be done. We will continue efforts to leverage technology as a tool for the public good, knowing that one day riding in an automated vehicle may be as routine as getting behind the wheel. This comprehensive plan lays out U.S. DOTs multimodal strategy to promote collaboration and transparency, modernize the regulatory environment, and prepare the transportation system for the safe integration of automated vehicles. It illustrates how the Departments work extends beyond government to meet the challenges of a modern transportation system by providing real-world examples of how the Departments operating administrations collaborate to address the needs of emerging technology applications. While no one can predict the future, it is important to prepare for it by establishing a flexible approach that prioritizes safety and encourages American ingenuity. We look forward to your feedback as we continue to work together and learn from each other. Letter from THE UNITED STATES SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION i AUTOMATED VEHICLES COMPREHENSIVE PLAN AUTOMATED VEHICLES COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ii Executive Summary The Automated Vehicles Comprehensive Plan (Comprehensive Plan) advances the United States Department of Transportations (U.S. DOT) work to prioritize safety while preparing for the future of transportation. Building upon the principles stated in Ensuring American Leadership in Automated Vehicle Technologies: Automated Vehicles 4.0 (AV 4.0), the plan defines three goals to achieve this vision for Automated Driving Systems (ADS): 1. Promote Collaboration and Transparency U.S. DOT will promote access to clear and reliable information to its partners and stakeholders, including the public, regarding the capabilities and limitations of ADS. 2. Modernize the Regulatory Environment U.S. DOT will modernize regulations to remove unintended and unnecessary barriers to innovative vehicle designs, features, and operational models, and will develop safety- focused frameworks and tools to assess the safe performance of ADS technologies. 3. Prepare the Transportation System U.S. DOT will conduct, in partnership with stakeholders, the foundational research and demonstration activities needed to safely evaluate and integrate ADS, while working to improve the safety, efficiency, and accessibility of the transportation system. Each goal includes a discussion of key objectives, as well as associated illustrative actions the Department is undertaking to address priorities while preparing for the future. These actions include an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Framework for Automated Driving System Safety,1 which will create a safety framework for defining, assessing, and providing for the safety of ADS, while allowing safety innovations and novel designs to be introduced into commerce more efficiently. The plan also includes a set of real-world examples that relate the U.S. DOTs framework for ADS integration to emerging technology applications. The Department will periodically review its activities and plans to reflect new technology and industry developments, eliminate unnecessary or redundant initiatives, and align investments with emerging focus areas. The Comprehensive Plan was informed by extensive stakeholder engagement and the ongoing efforts of U.S. DOTs operating administrations and the Office of the Secretary of Transportation to understand and respond to the opportunities and challenges presented by ADS. It is intended to reflect the Departments fundamental focus on safety, transportation system efficiency, and mobility for people and goods. The U.S. DOT developed the Comprehensive Plan document to help stakeholders understand ADS activities across the Department and in response to recommendations from the Government Accountability Office (GAO) and Congress. For additional information on U.S. DOTs automation activities, please visit http:/www.Transportation.gov/AV. 1 https:/www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/12/03/2020-25930/framework-for-automated-driving-system-safety. iii AUTOMATED VEHICLES COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Table of Contents Letter from the Secretary .i Executive Summary .ii Table of Contents .iii What Is the Comprehensive Plan? .1 How Will U.S. DOT Achieve Its Vision for ADS? .5 How Do U.S. DOT Actions Support ADS Development? .16 How Does U.S. DOT Work with Stakeholders on ADS? .24 Preparing for the Future of Transportation: U.S. DOT Research Highlights .27 Whats Next? .30 AUTOMATED VEHICLES COMPREHENSIVE PLAN iv Acronyms and Abbreviations ACE Automated Commercial Motor Vehicle Evaluation ADSAutomated Driving Systems AIMAccelerating Innovative Mobility ANPRMAdvance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking AVAutomated Vehicle AV TESTAutomated Vehicle Transparency and Engagement For Safe Testing CATCooperative Automated Transportation CDACooperative Driving Automation CMVCommercial Motor Vehicle DDTDynamic Driving Task FHWAFederal Highway Administration FMCSAFederal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FMCSRFederal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations FMVSSFederal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards FTAFederal Transit Administration GAOGovernment Accountability Office ITS JPOIntelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office LSVLow-Speed Vehicle MARADMaritime Administration MUTCDManual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices NHTSANational Highway Traffic Safety Administration NPANotice of Proposed Amendment NPRMNotice of Proposed Rulemaking ODDOperational Design Domain OSTOffice of the Secretary of Transportation PARTSPartnership for Analytics Research in Traffic Safety PHMSAPipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration PoCProof of Concept RFCRequest for Comments RFIRequest for Information TSMOTransportation Systems Management and Operations U.S. DOTU.S. Department of Transportation VOICESVirtual Open Innovation Collaborative Environment for Safety VSSA Voluntary Safety Self-Assessment v AUTOMATED VEHICLES COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Launch of NHTSAs Automated Vehicles Transparency and Engagement for Safety Testing (AV TEST) Initiative with 9 Automated Driving System developers and 10 States volun- tarily submitting Automated Driving Systems information. $60 million in grant funding awarded across 7 States with 8 innovative demonstrations, pilots, and deployments involving Automated Driving Systems. Initiated rulemaking activities to begin modernizing the regulatory environment for ADS. FTA awarded nearly $8 million in grants for automated transit research and demonstration projects, including a demonstration of the Nations fi rst automated bus rapid transit system. Granted the fi rst ADS-related temporary exemption from certain low- speed vehicle standard requirements. Accomplishments The publication of Ensuring American Leadership in Automated Vehicle Technologies: Automated Vehicles 4.0 unifi ed efforts in automated vehicles across 38 Federal departments, independent agencies, commissions, and Executive Offi ces of the President, providing high-level guidance to Federal agencies, innovators, and all stakeholders on the U.S. Governments posture toward automated vehicles. AV 4.0 complements the guidance provided to private- and public-sector stakeholders in A Vision for Safety: Automated Driving Systems 2.0 and Preparing for the Future of Transportation: Automated Vehicles 3.0. AUTOMATED VEHICLES COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 1 WHAT IS THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN? 2 AUTOMATED VEHICLES COMPREHENSIVE PLAN What is the Comprehensive Plan? The Automated Vehicles Comprehensive Plan (Comprehensive Plan) describes how the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) is supporting the safe integration of Automated Driving Systems (ADS)2 into the surface transportation system. It explains Departmental goals related to ADS, identifies actions being taken to meet those goals, and provides real-world examples of how these Departmental actions relate to emerging ADS applications. Development of ADS technology is occurring along multiple paths, and significant uncertainty still exists around what form ADS applications and vehicles will take in the future. Even with the progress the industry has made over the last decade, to date no vehicle equipped with an ADS is available for purchase in the United States. Technologies are still under development, and the timing of wide-scale ADS-equipped vehicle deployment remains uncertain. The Comprehensive Plan addresses clear, near-term needs while laying the groundwork for longer-term changes. This plan does not attempt to predict the future forms of ADS-equipped vehicles or the services they may provide. The Department will periodically review its activities and plans to reflect new technology and industry developments, eliminate unnecessary or redundant initiatives, and align investments with emerging focus areas. 2 Automated Driving Systems (ADS) are defined as systems capable of performing the entire driving task on a sustained basis, regardless of whether it is limited to a specific operational design domain (ODD); this term is used specifically to describe SAE Levels 3, 4, or 5 driving automation systems. See SAE International, Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles, June 2018, retrieved from https:/www.sae.org/standards/ content/j3016_201806/. 3 United States Government Accountability Office, Automated Vehicles: Comprehensive Plan Could Help DOT Address Challenges, 2017, retrieved from https:/www. gao.gov/assets/690/688676.pdf. 4 Joint Explanatory Statement on the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2018, Congressional Record, 164(50), H2876, (Washington, DC: United States Congress, March 22, 2018), retrieved from https:/www.congress.gov/crec/2018/03/22/CREC-2018-03-22-bk3.pdf. 5 In the 2018 Consolidated Appropriations Act, Congress provided $500,000 to U.S. DOT to support the development of the Comprehensive Plan. The U.S. DOT developed the Comprehensive Plan document to help stakeholders understand ADS activities across the Department and in response to recommendations from the Government Accountability Office (GAO) and Congress for a “comprehensive plan to better manage departmental initiatives related to automated vehicles.” 3, 4, 5 HOW WAS THE PLAN DEVELOPED? This document builds upon years of work by U.S. DOTs operating administrations and the Office of the Secretary of Transportation to understand existing conditions, identify needs, set goals, and implement outreach, research, and regulatory modernization activities. New technologies raise issues important to U.S. DOT and its partners, including other Federal agencies, State and local governments, associations, industry, and safety advocates. Stakeholder input, informed by extensive outreach, was critical for creating the Comprehensive Plan. U.S. DOT conducts stakeholder engagement through several avenues, including in-person and virtual events, public listening sessions, and Federal Register notices requesting input. Input gathered through each of these mechanisms is actively considered when planning the Departments research and policy activities. The Comprehensive Plan builds on the U.S. Governments core principles related to automated vehicles, outlined in Ensuring American Leadership in Automated Vehicle Technologies: Automated Vehicles 4.0 (AV 4.0) and summarized on pages 3 and 4. AUTOMATED VEHICLES COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 3 WHAT IS IN THE PLAN? The Comprehensive Plan presents key actions the Department is pursuing related to enabling and overseeing the safety of the integration of ADS into the surface transportation system. Automation in aviation, maritime, or rail transportation is not addressed in this plan, except for their interface points with surface transportation (e.g., ports or grade crossings). The following section discusses U.S. DOTs vision, goals, and objectives for ADS, with examples of how it is implementing each objective. The remainder of the document shows how the Comprehensive Plan addresses an illustrative set of ADS use cases currently being developed and tested within industry and describes how the Department works with stakeholders to implement the plan. U.S. GOVERNMENT AUTOMATED VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES I. Protect Users and Communities Automated vehicles (AVs) have the potential to improve physical safety for vehicle operators and occupants, pedestrians, bicyclists, motorcyclists, and other travelers sharing the road. To realize these benefits, we must attend to the publics safety, security, and privacy. 1. Prioritize Safety The U.S. Government will lead efforts to facilitate the safe integration of AV technologies, address potential safety risks, enhance the life-saving potential of AVs, and strengthen public confidence in these emerging technologies. The U.S. Government will also enforce existing laws to ensure entities do not make deceptive claims or mislead the public about the performance capabilities and limitations of AV technologies including, for example, deceptive claims relating to vehicle safety or performance. 2. Emphasize Security and Cybersecurity The U.S. Government will support the design and implementation of secure AV technologies, the systems on which they rely, and the functions that they support to safeguard adequately against the threats to security and public safety posed by criminal or other malicious use of AVs and related services. The U.S. Government will work with developers, manufacturers, integrators, and service providers of AVs and AV services to ensure the successful prevention, mitigation, and investigation of crimes and security threats targeting or exploiting AVs, while safeguarding privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties. These efforts include the development and promotion of physical and cybersecurity standards and best practices across all data mediums and domains of the transportation system to deter, detect, protect, respond, and safely recover from known and evolving risks. 3. Ensure Privacy and Data Security The U.S. Government will use a holistic, risk- based approach to protect the security of data and the publics

2021-01-15 36页 5星级

美国兰德公司：自动驾驶汽车和汽车保险的未来（英文版）（108页）.pdf

兰德民事司法所的研究人员进行了本项研究报告，调查自动驾驶汽车的引进可能对美国汽车保险系统产生的潜在影响。除了来自国际法院的资助，这项研究还得到了美国财产保险协会和旅行家集团的支持。自动驾驶汽车的日益普.

2021-01-08 108页 5星级

国家运输委员会（NTC）：2020年澳大利亚自动化车辆试验指南（英文版）（24页）.pdf

各国政府正密切合作，制定改革路线图，以便澳大利亚人在这项技术准备就绪后能够从中获益。试验是确保自动化车辆在澳大利亚条件下安全高效使用的重要一步。自澳大利亚自动车辆试验指南首次发布以来的三年中，澳大利亚各州和地区都进行了试验。成千上万的澳大利亚人亲身体验过这项技术。试验组织和政府承认该指南是一个有用的工具，它为行业提供了清晰的信息，以便在全国范围内进行试验。指南的成果重点有助于促进不同自动化车辆技术、操作领域和应用的试验。对指南的这一更新提供了进一步的明确性和一致性，以确保它们符合目的。该指南仍然是国家运输委员会自动化车辆改革计划的一个重要内容，这将为澳大利亚自动化车辆的安全商业部署做好准备。国家运输委员会和澳大利亚公路局承认行业、政府和社区为更新指南所做的贡献，我们期待着随着澳大利亚试验的进展，继续开展这项工作。澳大利亚运输局是澳大利亚和新西兰运输机构的集合，代表各级政府。澳大拉西亚公路局的宗旨是支持其成员组织提供改进的澳大拉西亚公路运输网络。为成功完成这项任务，澳大利亚道路与运输局开展了前沿道路与运输研究，为政策制定提供支持，并出版了道路网及其相关基础设施的设计、建设和管理指南。澳贸委会还支持其成员在登记和许可证发放做法、程序和制度的应用方面实现一致性和改进。

2020-12-01 24页 5星级

国际航空运输协会（IATA）：2020年安全报告（英文版）（244页）.pdf

2020年，事故数量为38起，而2019年为52起。死亡事故从2019年的8起减少到2020年的5起。死亡人数从2019年的240人下降到2020年的132人。这包括商业飞机事故造成的所有死亡，但不包.

2020-12-01 244页 5星级

国家运输委员会（NTC）：2020从澳大利亚自动化汽车试验中学到的经验(英文版）（34页）.pdf

本研究报告是为澳大利亚基础设施和交通部长收集的四年自动化汽车试验而撰写的浓缩版报告。本文介绍了有关试验框架的经验教训，包括进口、试验应用和国家试验指南、试验本身的操作和结果，以及如何选择和评估试验。还有机会借鉴本报告的经验，以对试验、法规、基础设施和公众态度进行全面审视，从而评估澳大利亚在自动化车辆计划投入商用的准备情况。本报告主要内容总结如下：1.自动化车辆试验只包括经州或地区政府批准(或至少与其密切合作)在辖区或公共道路上试验车辆的情况。2.NTC 和 Austroads 制定了澳大利亚自动化车辆试验的指导方针，它们包括试验的管理，安全保证，保险和数据要求。3.在2021年，NTC，联合联邦，各州，地区和行政区，将制定一个范围和费用，用于审查澳大利亚商业部署的自动化车辆的总体准备情况。

2020-12-01 34页 5星级

欧洲汽车工业协会（ACEA）：2020-2021年欧洲汽车工业口袋指南（英文版）（88页）.pdf

我很荣幸向您介绍最新版的ACEA袖珍指南。该出版物提供了就业、生产、销售、创新、道路安全和贸易流的最新数据，是欧洲最具战略性和创新性的行业之一:汽车行业的方便参考工作。汽车生态系统为1460万欧洲人提.

2020-12-01 88页 5星级

国际航空运输协会（IATA）：2020年全球航空公司安全报告（英文版）（244页）.pdf

为了有效地领导航空公司的安全，航空公司主管应树立领导观念，使注重安全的行为嵌入积极的组织安全文化。在全球范围内应用，这应该得到明确定义的安全责任的支持，使有效的安全文化存在于世界各地的每一个航空服务供.

2020-12-01 244页 5星级

国际航空运输协会（IATA）：2020世界航空运输统计报告（英文版）（31页）.pdf

2020年，航空客运量受到COVID-19大流行的严重影响。整个行业的收入乘客公里(RPKs)同比下降了65.9%。全年旅客总运量约为15亿人次。2020年的航空客运下降幅度是自1950年左右开始跟踪.

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