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Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 1 Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 2 Report outline Title Heavy vehicle charges consultation report Type of report Consultation report Purpose For public consultation Abstract The purpose of this report is to support public consultation on the Infrastructure and Transport Ministers Meetings (ITMMs) proposal to increase heavy vehicle charges by 2.5 per cent for 202122. This is in response to the end of a previous decision to freeze heavy vehicle charges which expires on 30 June 2021. Submission details The NTC will accept submissions until 12 March 2021 online at www.ntc.gov.au or by mail to: National Transport Commission Public submission Heavy vehicle charges consultation report Level 3, 600 Bourke Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Attribution Source: National Transport Commission, Heavy vehicle charges consultation report Key words Road User Charge, heavy vehicle charges, registration charges, road expenditure, charges revenue, cost base Contact National Transport Commission Level 3/600 Bourke Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Ph: (03) 9236 5000 Email: enquiriesntc.gov.au www.ntc.gov.au Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 3 Have your say What to submit and by whom The NTC would like to hear from industry and the public. The NTC welcomes submissions that respond to the issues raised in this paper. Consultation question Question 1: What are your views on the Infrastructure and Transport Ministers Meetings proposal to increase heavy vehicle registration and Road User Charges by 2.5 per cent in 202122? In support of your responses to this question, we are interested in any evidence which you can provide about the following issues: Which costs are typically passed through to customers (and to end consumers) and which costs are absorbed by vehicle owners or operators? Is the pump price of fuel a cost that is charged separately under typical hire-and-reward contracts (such that fuel price fluctuations do not impact profit margins)? Does the answer depend on the size of the business and their contract bargaining power? Any information provided on these questions will help inform Ministers about the broader context in which their final decision on heavy vehicle charges will be made. When to submit We are seeking submissions on this consultation report by 12 March 2021. How to submit Any individual or organisation can make a submission to the NTC. Visit www.ntc.gov.au and select Submissions in the top navigation menu. Or, send a hard copy to: National Transport Commission Public submission Heavy vehicle charges consultation report Level 3, 600 Bourke Street Melbourne VIC 3000. Where possible, you should provide evidence, such as data and documents, to support the views in your submission. Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 4 Publishing your submission Unless you clearly ask us not to, we publish all the submissions we receive online. We will not publish submissions that contain defamatory or offensive content. The Freedom of Information Act 1982 (Cwlth) applies to the NTC. Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 5 Contents Report outline . 2 Have your say. 3 Executive summary . 6 1 Introduction . 7 1.1 The NTCs responsibilities 7 1.2 The current freeze of heavy vehicle charges is ending 7 1.3 ITMM consideration 7 1.4 Direction to the NTC 7 2 Background on heavy vehicle charges . 9 2.1 Heavy vehicle charges 9 2.1.1 What are heavy vehicle charges 9 2.1.2 NTCs role 10 2.1.3 Pricing principles and the importance of cost recovery 10 2.1.4 The PAYGO model 11 2.1.5 Legislation 12 3 Information considered . 13 3.1 Current state heavy vehicle cost base and revenue 13 3.1.1 Road expenditure trends 13 3.1.2 Changes in expenditure since 201617 14 3.1.3 Expenditure in 201920 has remained high 15 3.1.4 The heavy vehicle cost base has increased 15 3.1.5 Charges revenue 16 3.1.6 Gap between heavy vehicle cost base and revenue for 202021 charges year 16 3.2 Costs currently exceed estimated revenue by 13.4 per cent 17 4 Proposal . 18 4.1 Federal Minister of Transports proposed RUC rate 18 4.2 Changes in registration charges 18 4.3 Financial Implications 19 5 Next steps . 21 5.1 Next steps 21 Appendix A Heavy vehicle charges . 22 Glossary . 23 List of tables and figures . 24 Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 6 Executive summary Introduction The Infrastructure and Transport Ministers Meeting (ITMM) has requested the NTC to undertake a public consultation process on a proposed increase to heavy vehicle charges in 202122. This consultation supports the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Developments obligations as Transport Minister under the Fuel Tax Act 2006 (Cth). Current situation heavy vehicle cost recovery The NTC estimates that to ensure governments recover the amount spent on providing roads to heavy vehicles in 201920, current heavy vehicle charges would need to rise by 13.4 per cent for 202122. If no decision is taken by ITMM, heavy vehicle charges would be automatically increased by 13.4 per cent for 202122 under the annual adjustment formula contained in the Heavy Vehicle Charges Model Law (the Model Law). Increase to state and territory registration charges The proposal is that a 2.5 per cent increase be applied to the roads component of registration charges in 202122. The regulatory component of registration charges will be re-set on a cost recovery basis for 202122, with minimal changes expected. This means that the overall increase in total registration charges including both regulatory and roads components is expected to be slightly below 2.5 per cent. Increase to the Commonwealth Road User Charge (RUC) The proposal is that a 2.5 per cent increase be applied to the RUC in 202122. This will increase the RUC to 26.4 cents per litre on 1 July 2021. Question: What are your views on the proposal to increase heavy vehicle registration and Road User Charges by 2.5 per cent in 202122? Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 7 1 Introduction Key points The current decision to freeze heavy vehicle charges is ending. ITMM has asked for public consultation on a potential increase to both registration charges and the Road User Charge (RUC) of 2.5 per cent in 202122. 1.1 The NTCs responsibilities The National Transport Commission (NTC) has ongoing responsibilities for recommending heavy vehicle charges to ITMM. These charges are intended to apply nationally and are set to fully recover the share of road construction and maintenance costs that can be allocated to heavy vehicles. 1.2 The current freeze of heavy vehicle charges is ending In May 2020, the Transport and Infrastructure Council (the predecessor of ITMM) resolved that charges be frozen for 2020-21. The Council took this decision considering the extraordinary contraction in economic activity and income expected for the June quarter of that year. By freezing charges, the Council expressed its support for the operators of heavy vehicles, many of whom are small businesses. The Council noted that some were working hard under tight margins to keep essential goods moving during the COVID-19 pandemic, while others were experiencing a severe downturn in work. This freeze decision ends on 30 June 2021. 1.3 ITMM consideration National heavy vehicle charges, which are designed to recover the heavy vehicle share of road expenditure, have essentially been static since 2014. ITMM has asked for consultation on a potential increase to charges of 2.5 per cent in 202122. This proposed increase is consistent with the previous decision that charges be increased by 2.5% each in 202021 and 202122, which was the subject of public consultation in late 2019 and early 2020. The proposed increase would be significantly less than the amount of 13.4 per cent estimated as necessary to fully recover the heavy vehicle share of recent road construction and maintenance costs in 202122. 1.4 Direction to the NTC ITMM requested the NTC to undertake a public consultation process on a proposed increase to heavy vehicle charges in 202122 on 21 December 2020. This consultation process will Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 8 include a proposed increase to the RUC, to satisfy the requirement for the Deputy Prime Minister to consult on this increase under the Fuel Tax Act 2006 (Cth). Under the Fuel Tax Act 2006 (Cth), prior to determining to increase the RUC, the Transport Minister is required to make public the proposed increased rate of the RUC, and any information relied upon in reaching the proposed increase, for at least 60 days, and must consider comments received from the public within the period specified. Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 9 2 Background on heavy vehicle charges Key points Heavy vehicle charges apply to all vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) of above 4.5 tonnes. They consist of a Road User Charge (RUC) on diesel fuel and a yearly registration charge comprising roads and regulatory components. Charges are set using the PAYGO model which calculates the heavy vehicle cost base based on historical government road expenditure and road usage data. ITMM decides on heavy vehicle charges. The NTC provides advice to ITMM to support its decision-making. The binding pricing principles governing the NTCs advice have a strong focus on achieving full cost recovery of allocated costs over time. The RUC is implemented under the Commonwealth Fuel Tax Act 2006. The RUC is implemented as a fuel tax credit. Registration charges are implemented through the Heavy Vehicle Charges Model Law. The charges have legislative force once the Model Law is adopted by states and territories. 2.1 Heavy vehicle charges 2.1.1 What are heavy vehicle charges Heavy vehicles include all vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) of above 4.5 tonnes. There are three components to the charges paid by heavy vehicles: The diesel fuel charge (also known as the Road User Charge or RUC), administered by the Commonwealth Government. The roads component of the registration charge, as applied by state and territory governments, which reflects the amount of damage that each type of heavy vehicle does to the road. The regulatory proportion of the registration charge, which is applied to cover the operating cost of the National Heavy Vehicle Regulator (NHVR). The diesel fuel charge and registration charge are linked to government expenditure on roads. The amount to cover the cost of the NHVR is designed to reflect the NHVRs budget, which is approved by ITMM. Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 10 2.1.2 NTCs role The NTC has ongoing responsibilities for recommending heavy vehicle charges to ITMM1. These charges are intended to apply nationally and are set to fully recover the share of road construction and maintenance costs that can be allocated to heavy vehicles. 2.1.3 Pricing principles and the importance of cost recovery A set of guiding principles govern the application of the cost recovery methodology. These pricing principles were agreed by the Australian Transport Council (a predecessor of ITMM) and the Council of Australian Governments (COAG), and are binding on the NTC. The current pricing principles were designed to guide the NTC towards an outcome that efficiently recovers the cost of providing road infrastructure for heavy vehicles. In addition, the principles also take into account issues of relevant public interest, such as fairness and equity. The COAG principles2 are: “ATC direct the NTC, in developing its Determination, to apply principles and methods that 1. ensure the delivery of full cost recovery in aggregate, 2. further develop indexation adjustment arrangements to ensure the ongoing delivery of full expenditure recovery in aggregate and 3. remove cross-subsidisation across different heavy vehicle classes, recognising that transition to any new arrangement may require a phased approach”. ATC/SCOTI guiding principles3 “National heavy vehicle road use prices should promote optimal use of infrastructure, vehicles and transport modes. This is subject to the following: 1. full recovery of allocated infrastructure costs while minimising both the over and under recovery from any class of vehicle 2. cost effectiveness of pricing instruments 3. transparency 4. the need to balance administrative simplicity, efficiency and equity (e.g. impact on regional and remote communities/access) 5. the need to have regard to other pricing applications such as light vehicle charges, tolling and congestion.” Both the ATC and COAG principles are standing principles until the relevant authority changes them and are binding on the NTC. 1 Under the Inter-Governmental Agreement for Regulatory and Operational Reform in Road, Rail and Intermodal Transport 2003, and in accordance with the pricing principles. 2 Endorsed at its meeting of 13 April 2007. 3 Approved by ATC in August 2004 and reaffirmed in May 2007. Note: SCOTI is the Standing Council on Transport and Infrastructure, a predecessor of ITMM. Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 11 2.1.4 The PAYGO model Each year, jurisdictions provide the NTC with a completed road expenditure template which covers all road construction and maintenance costs (light and heavy vehicles). Data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Government Financial Statistics Series is used to account for local government expenditure on roads. A cost base is then established with the heavy vehicle portion recovered via heavy vehicle charges. Figure 1 provides an overview of the existing PAYGO system. Figure 1. Overview of the current PAYGO system The cost base is calculated by taking a weighted 7-year average of the historic financial costs of providing roads. These costs, which are measured in a number of expenditure categories, are then allocated between vehicle classes on the basis of: a cost allocation matrix4 usage data including vehicle kilometres travelled, ESA-kilometres travelled, AGM-kilometres travelled, and PCU-kilometres travelled5. Based on the costs allocated to each vehicle class, the NTC then recommends a set of heavy vehicle charges that recovers the heavy vehicle cost base in total while ensuring each vehicle class, on average, pays at least the attributable costs allocated to the vehicle category. Figure 2 illustrates how the NTC processes this information and makes recommendations to ITMM. The NTCs advice on heavy vehicle charges is informative and decisions on setting heavy vehicle charges are made by ITMM. 4 The cost allocation matrix has been developed over time with input from industry and experts and has been subject to consultation. The current matrix was first approved as part of the 2007 Heavy Vehicle Charges Determination. 5 ESA stands for Equivalent Standard Axles, a measure of road wear caused by a vehicle, AGM stands for Average Gross Mass, a measure of vehicle weight, and PCU stands for Passenger Car Unit, a measure of the footprint of a vehicle. Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 12 Figure 2. Overview of existing PAYGO regulatory process Determinations where all aspects of the model and the resulting heavy vehicle charges are reviewed (taking into account the pricing principles and other directions from government) are carried out infrequently. In the years between determinations, an annual adjustment formula is used to ensure that heavy vehicle charges continue to recover the heavy vehicle cost base. This formula is included in the Heavy Vehicle Charges Model Law and is intended to automatically adjust heavy vehicle charges without the need for ITMM to approve the change. In simple terms, the annual adjustment formula works out a single percentage increase or decrease that is applied to all registration charges and to the RUC rate, which takes into account the gap between the most recent cost base and the previous years cost base, as well as growth in the vehicle fleet and fuel consumption by heavy vehicles. 2.1.5 Legislation The RUC is implemented under the Commonwealth Fuel Tax Act 2006. It is implemented as a fuel tax credit. The Fuel Tax Act 2006 (Cth) requires that the Transport Minister (the Minister) determine the amount of RUC paid by heavy vehicle operators. The Act requires that the minister conducts a public consultation process before increasing the rate of the RUC. The consultation period must be at least 60 days and the minister must make available the proposed increased rate of RUC, and any information that was relied on in determining the proposed increased rate. The Fuel Tax Act 2006 then requires the minister to consider any comments received, within the period specified by the minister, from the public in relation to the proposed increased rate. Registration charges are implemented through the Heavy Vehicle Charges Model Law. This contains the schedules of heavy vehicle registration charges agreed by ITMM. The Model Law also provides a formula to calculate an annual adjustment for charges in the years between determinations. The charges have legislative force once the Model Law is adopted by states and territories. Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 13 3 Information considered Key points Road expenditure by jurisdictions increased significantly in 201718 and 201819 and remained high in 201920. As a result of increases in total road expenditure and changes in the composition of that expenditure, the heavy vehicle cost base for the 202122 charges year is now $3.817 billion. Heavy vehicle charges revenue has remained relatively static due to the revenue and charges freezes that applied to heavy vehicle charges from 201617 to 202021. For 202021, the gap between the heavy vehicle cost base and estimated revenue at current charges is $452 million or 13.4 per cent. If heavy vehicle charges remain static, it is likely that the gap between the heavy vehicle cost base and revenue from heavy vehicle charges will remain significant. 3.1 Current state heavy vehicle cost base and revenue 3.1.1 Road expenditure trends Road expenditure across all levels of government has increased significantly over recent years. Figures 3 and 4 show how national arterial road expenditure and national local road expenditure have changed over time. Figure 3. Trends in national arterial road expenditure 0.002000.004000.006000.008000.0010000.0012000.0014000.0016000.002010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20Arterial road expenditureArterial road expenditure $m Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 14 Figure 4. Trends in national local road expenditure A key observation is that arterial road expenditure has increased significantly in recent years. As the heavy vehicle cost base is the part of total expenditure allocated to heavy vehicles, it will be influenced by expenditure trends. 3.1.2 Changes in expenditure since 201617 When the then-Transport and Infrastructure Council made the decision to freeze heavy vehicle charges in November 2017, it was relying on the latest road expenditure information for 201617. In its latest deliberations, ITMM has relied on expenditure information for 201920. Showing changes in expenditure since 201617 helps illustrate how the heavy vehicle cost base has been affected by changes in road expenditure over recent years. Table 1. Changes in state and territory road expenditure since 201617 Code Expenditure category Share allocated to heavy vehicles in 201920 201617 expenditure $m 201920 expenditure $m Change $m Change % A Servicing and operating expenses 6.7% 785 984 199 25% B1 Routine maintenance 38.4% 690 683 -7 -1% B2 Periodic surface maintenance of sealed roads 51.9% 584 686 102 17% C Bridge maintenance & rehabilitation 31.0% 284 370 86 30% D Road rehabilitation 45.7% 911 1,056 145 16% E Low-cost safety & traffic improvements 8.7% 1,197 1,527 330 28% F1 Pavement improvements 45.7% 2,006 2,619 613 31% F2 Bridge improvements 8.2% 1,029 1,145 116 11% F3 Land acquisition, earthworks, other extensions / improvement expenditure 7.7% 4,093 4,873 780 19% G1 Corporate services 6.7% 709 852 143 20% Totals 22.2% 12,288 14,795 2,507 20% This table shows that total road expenditure that can be allocated between light and heavy vehicles has increased by $2.5b or 20 per cent between 201617 and 201920. In addition 0100020003000400050006000700080009000100002009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19Local road expenditureLocal government road expenditure $m Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 15 to the overall increase in expenditure, the composition of expenditure has also changed. For example, expenditure in category F1-Pavement improvements increased by 31 per cent over this period. As approximately 46 per cent of the expenditure in this category is allocated to heavy vehicles, it has strongly contributed to the increase in the heavy vehicle cost base. 3.1.3 Expenditure in 201920 has remained high Table 2. Latest change in state and territory road expenditure by expenditure category Code Expenditure category Share allocated to heavy vehicles in 201920 201819 expenditure $m 201920 expenditure $m Change $m Change % A Servicing and operating expenses 6.7% 934 984 50 5% B1 Routine maintenance 38.4% 684 683 -1 0% B2 Periodic surface maintenance of sealed roads 51.9% 800 686 -114 -14% C Bridge maintenance & rehabilitation 31.0% 320 370 50 16% D Road rehabilitation 45.7% 928 1,056 128 14% E Low-cost safety & traffic improvements 8.7% 1,780 1,527 -253 -14% F1 Pavement improvements 45.7% 3,366 2,619 -747 -22% F2 Bridge improvements 8.2% 1,043 1,145 102 10% F3 Land acquisition, earthworks, other extensions / improvement expenditure 7.7% 4,290 4,873 582 14% G1 Corporate services 6.7% 768 852 85 11% Totals 22.2% 14,913 14,795 -18 -1% Total expenditure in 201920 decreased by 1 per cent compared to the previous year, remaining close to the historically high expenditure in 201819. There were significant changes in the composition of the total expenditure. 3.1.4 The heavy vehicle cost base has increased The following table shows the heavy vehicle cost base for the 201819, 201920, 202021 and 202122 charges years. These are based on reported expenditure for the prior seven years. These figures may differ slightly from historical published figures due to later revisions of expenditure and usage data. Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 16 Table 3. Heavy vehicle cost base in various heavy vehicle charges years Heavy vehicle charges year Cost base, $m 201819 3,058.6 201920 3,274.7 202021 3,713.6 202122 3,817.2 The heavy vehicle cost base for 202122 is now $3.817b. This figure has increased significantly since 201819 when governments initially decided to freeze heavy vehicle charges. 3.1.5 Charges revenue The implementation of the frozen revenue approach for 201617 and 201718 heavy vehicle charges followed by the frozen charges approach for 201819, 201920 and 202021 has meant that heavy vehicle charges revenue has remained static at first and then climbed slowly in recent years. Growth in heavy vehicle charges revenue was driven by growth in the heavy vehicle fleet and increasing total fuel consumption. 3.1.6 Gap between heavy vehicle cost base and revenue for 202021 charges year The significant increases in road expenditure outlined in sections 3.1.2 and 3.1.3 combined with the slower growth in heavy vehicle charges revenue outlined in section 3.1.5 have resulted in a gap between the heavy vehicle cost base and heavy vehicle charges revenue. Figure 5. Comparison of heavy vehicle cost base and estimated revenue Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 17 Figure 5 shows that the heavy vehicle cost base is higher than the revenue collected through current heavy vehicle charges in 201920, noting that under the PAYGO system, heavy vehicle charges for 202122 would be set based on the heavy vehicle cost base calculated using expenditure data for the seven years to 201920. This is due to the two-year lag between expenditure occurring, and the charges based on that expenditure being collected. The expenditure forecast for 202122 and 202223 is a conservative forecast based on the heavy vehicle cost base growing by 2 per cent per annum. The blue shaded area indicates that there is significant uncertainty around this forecast and expenditure may grow faster or slower than predicted. This two-year lag means that the cost base and revenue lines cannot be expected to coincide unless expenditure is static. That is, over and under recoveries would be expected to occur. Figure 5 shows the period of over recovery following the 2014 determination. However, it is important to note that under recoveries have occurred prior to the time period covered by the graph. These were, for example, due to decisions to phase in the A-trailer charge over multiple years. Any changes to heavy vehicle charges can be implemented from 202122 at the earliest. An increase of 2.5% for 202122 as proposed by ITMM is shown as the green line. 3.2 Costs currently exceed estimated revenue by 13.4 per cent The cost base for 202122 heavy vehicle charges is $3,817.2 million compared to estimated revenue for 202122 at current charges (in 202021) of $3,365.2 million. The NTC estimates that current heavy vehicle charges would need to rise by 13.4 per cent in 202122 to ensure governments recover the amount spent on providing roads to heavy vehicles in 201920. Table 4. Increase in revenue required Calculation of increase required to achieve full cost recovery $m Heavy vehicle cost base for 202122 (expenditure up to 201920) 3,817.2 Estimated heavy vehicle charges revenue at current charges in 202122 3,365.2 Difference 452.0 Difference as percentage of estimated heavy vehicle charges revenue at current charges 202122 13.43% Rounded to 1 decimal 13.4% Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 18 4 Proposal ITMM agreed to consult on a potential 2.5 per cent increase to heavy vehicle charges, and for the National Transport Commission to run the consultation between 4 January and 12 March 2021. The proposal to increase heavy vehicle charges by 2.5% in 202122 is consistent with the previous decision expressed in November 2019. It represents a small increase to close some of the gap between the cost base and charges revenue. 4.1 Federal Minister of Transports proposed RUC rate This proposed increase would result in the following RUC rates applying: Table 5. RUC rates Financial year RUC rate in c/litre 202122 26.4 It is a requirement under the Fuel Tax Act 2006 that the RUC rate be rounded to one decimal point. 4.2 Changes in registration charges Registration charges consist of a roads component and a regulatory component. The roads component is set to recover the heavy vehicle cost base (in combination with revenue recovered from the RUC) whereas the regulatory component is set to recover the NHVRs approved budget. Under the proposed increase, the roads component of registration charges would be increased by 2.5% in 202122. The regulatory component of registration charges will be re-set for 2021-22 on the basis of the NHVRs approved budget. Only minimal changes are expected which will have an insignificant effect on overall heavy vehicle registration charges. For the analysis presented in this paper, we have therefore assumed that the regulatory component would remain unchanged. The following table shows the registration charges for 202122 that would be paid by common heavy vehicle types. A more comprehensive list of registration charges is provided in Appendix B. Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 19 Table 6. Total registration charges for selected heavy vehicle types under the proposed 2.5% increase 202021 total registration charge 202122 total registration charge Change between 202021 and 202122 2-axle rigid truck, no trailer, GVM to 12 tonnes $607 $617 $10 3-axle rigid truck, no trailer, GVM over 16.5 tonnes $1,142 $1,162 $20 3-axle rigid truck with a 3-axle dog trailer over 42.5 tonnes GCM $11,444 $11,713 $269 6-axle articulated truck $6,225 $6,369 $144 9-axle B-double $14,759 $15,102 $343 Double road train $14,815 $15,158 $343 Due to the assumed static regulatory component of registration charges, the increase in the total registration charges for 202122 is slightly less than 2.5 per cent. 4.3 Financial Implications The following table shows the financial implications for industry and governments of a 2.5 per cent increase in heavy vehicle charges. Table 7. Comparison of heavy vehicle cost base and estimated revenue ($m) under the proposed 2.5% increase Charges year 202021 (current) 202122 (2.5% increase) Heavy Vehicle Cost Base 3,717.0 3,817.2 Road User Charge Revenue 1,903.9 1,953.0 Registration Roads Component Revenue 1,430.5 1,496.3 Total Heavy Vehicle Charges Revenue 3,334.4 3,449.4 Difference between Heavy Vehicle Cost Base and Total Revenue -382.6 -367.9 Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 20 This shows that industry is estimated to pay an additional $115m in heavy vehicle charges in 202122 compared to 202021. Governments depend on revenue from heavy vehicle charges to be able to fund the investment in the road network reflected in recent road expenditure figures. Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 21 5 Next steps 5.1 Next steps Public submissions on this proposal are invited through this discussion paper available on the NTC website. The closing date for submissions is 12 March 2021 Following the conclusion of the public consultation process and any comments received, the NTC will provide advice on the proposed increases to ITMM and the Deputy Prime Minister as Minister for Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Development. Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 22 Appendix A Heavy vehicle charges The proposal is that a 2.5 per cent increase be applied to the roads component of registration charges in 202122. The regulatory component of registration charges will be re-set on a cost recovery basis for 202122, with minimal changes expected. This means that the overall increase in total registration charges including both regulatory and roads components is expected to be slightly below 2.5 per cent, as shown in the table below. 2020-21 charges2021-22 chargesVehicle TypeMass Rating for Charging Roads componentRegulatory componentTotal registration chargeRoads componentRegulatory componentTotal registration chargePercentage change in total registration chargesUp to 12.0t4121956074221956171.7%Over 12.0t7202559757382559931.8%Under 42.5t1,9443412,2851,9933412,3342.1%Up to 16.5t7202309507382309681.9%Over 16.5t8173251,1428373251,1621.8%Under 42.5t2,6534163,0692,7194163,1352.2%Over 42.5t10,74270211,44411,01170211,7132.3%Over 42.5t11,35470412,05811,63870412,3422.4%Up to 20.0t7202459657382459831.9%Over 20.0t8173461,1638373461,1831.8%Up to 12.0t3092045133172045211.5%Over 12.0t3093346433173346511.2%2,2604142,6742,3174142,7312.1%5,7674586,2255,9114586,3692.3,7391,02014,75914,0821,02015,1022.3,7391,07614,81514,0821,07615,1582.3,3981,18616,58415,7831,18616,9692.3% Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 23 Glossary Term Definition Heavy vehicle cost base The heavy vehicle cost base is that share of national government road expenditure that can be attributed to the heavy vehicle sector in the PAYGO model. Infrastructure and Transport Ministers Meeting (ITMM) The Infrastructure and Transport Ministers Meeting (ITMM) brings together Commonwealth, State, Territory and New Zealand Ministers with responsibility for transport and infrastructure issues, as well as the Australian Local Government Association. PAYGO Pay As You Go (PAYGO) is an approach used to determine the amount to be recovered from heavy vehicles through heavy vehicle charges. Trend levels of road construction and maintenance expenditure and road use is assessed over the past seven years to reflect the annualised costs of providing and maintaining roads. Registration charge Is the annual registration charge that applies to heavy vehicles by vehicle and trailer type. Regulatory component of registration charge The regulatory component of the heavy vehicle registration charge is applied to each heavy vehicle and trailer type and is based on the heavy vehicle fleet and the budget of the National Heavy Vehicle Regulator. Roads component of registration charge The roads component of the heavy vehicle registration charge is applied to each heavy vehicle and trailer type and is determined by outcomes from the PAYGO model based on heavy vehicle allocated cost and use. Road expenditure Road expenditure includes all government arterial and local road expenditure that meets NTC guidelines for inclusion in the PAYGO cost base. RUC Road User Charge. The Road User Charge is the charge that is applied to heavy vehicle fuel use expressed in cents per litre or cents per kilogram. Heavy vehicle charges consultation report January 2021 24 List of tables and figures Tables Table 1. Changes in state and territory road expenditure since 201617 14 Table 2. Latest change in state and territory road expenditure by expenditure category 15 Table 3. Heavy vehicle cost base in various heavy vehicle charges years 16 Table 4. Increase in revenue required 17 Table 5. RUC rates 18 Table 6. Total registration charges for selected heavy vehicle types 19 Table 7. Comparison of heavy vehicle cost base and estimated revenue ($m) 19 Figures Figure 1. Overview of the current PAYGO system 11 Figure 2. Overview of existing PAYGO regulatory process 12 Figure 3. Trends in national arterial road expenditure 13 Figure 4. Trends in national local road expenditure 14 Figure 5. Comparison of heavy vehicle cost base and estimated revenue 16 National Transport Commission Level 3/600 Bourke Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Ph: (03) 9236 5000 Email: enquiriesntc.gov.au www.ntc.gov.au
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USING THE FUEL ECONOMY GUIDEiCONTENTSiUsing the Fuel Economy Guide1How the Guide is Organized1Why Some Vehicles Are NotListed1Vehicle Classes Used in thisGuide2Understanding the GuideListings3Tax Incentives and Disincentives3Fuel Economy Saves You Money4Fueling Options5Alternative Fueling StationLocator6Improve Your Fuel Economy7Advanced Vehicle Technologies8Annual Fuel Cost Ranges forVehicle Classes9Fuel Economy Leaders102020 Model Year Vehicles37Diesel Vehicles39All-Electric Vehicles42Fuel Cell Vehicles43Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles48Ethanol Flexible Fuel VehiclesThe U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)andU.S.Department of Energy(DOE)produce the FuelEconomy Guide to help car buyers choose the mostfuel-efficient vehicle that meets their needs.The Guideis available on the Web at fueleconomy.gov.Fuel Economy EstimatesThe purpose of EPAs fuel economy estimates is toprovide a reliable basis for comparing vehicles.Most vehicles in this guide(other than plug-inhybrids)have three fuel economy estimates:A city estimate that represents urban driving,in which a vehicle is started in the morning(afterbeing parked all night)and driven in stop-and-gotrafficA highway estimate that represents a mixture ofrural and interstate highway driving in a warmed-up vehicle,typical of longer trips in free-flowingtrafficA combined estimate that represents acombination of city driving(55%)and highwaydriving(45%)Estimates for all vehicles are based on laboratorytesting under standardized conditions to allow forfair comparisons.Flexible fuel vehicles(FFVs),which can use gasolineand E85,have estimates for both fuels.Plug-in hybridelectric vehicles(PHEVs)have estimates for(1)electric-only or blended electric and gasoline operation and(2)gasoline-only operation.PHEVs are discussed inmore detail on page 43.For answers to frequentlyasked questions about fuel economy estimates,visitfueleconomy.gov.Annual Fuel Cost EstimatesThis guide provides annual fuel cost estimates,rounded to the nearest$50,for each vehicle.Theestimates are based on the assumptions that youtravel 15,000 miles per year(55%under city drivingconditions and 45%under highway conditions)andthat fuel costs$3.15/gallon for regular unleadedgasoline,$3.72/gallon for mid-grade unleadedgasoline,and$4.09/gallon for premium.Cost-per-gallon assumptions for vehicles that use otherfuel types are discussed at the beginning of thosevehicle sections.Visit fueleconomy.gov to personalize fuel costs basedon current fuel prices and your driving habits.Your Fuel Economy Will VaryEPAs fuel economy values are good estimates ofthe fuel economy a typical driver will achieve underaverage driving conditions and provide a goodbasis to compare one vehicle to another.Still,yourfuel economy may be slightly higher or lower thanEPAs estimates.Fuel economy varies,sometimessignificantly,based on driving conditions,drivingstyle,and other factors.To ensure that estimates are consistent acrossdifferent makes and models,the EPA estimatesare based on a standardized,repeatable testingprocedure.These tests model an average driversenvironment and behavior based on real-worldconditions,such as stop-and-go traffic.However,it is impossible for a single test topredict fuel economy precisely for all drivers in allenvironments.For example,the following factorscan lower your vehicles fuel economy:Aggressive driving(speeding and hardacceleration and hard braking)Excessive idling,accelerating,and braking instop-and-go trafficCold weather(engines are more efficient whenwarmed up).The impact is greater for short trips.Driving with a heavy load or with the airconditioner runningImproperly tuned engine or under-inflated tiresDriving on mountainous or hilly terrainHigh-performance or snow tiresUse of remote startersIn addition,small variations in vehiclemanufacturing can cause fuel economy variationsin the same make and model,and some vehiclesdont attain maximum fuel economy until they arebroken in(around 3,0005,000 miles).With fuel-efficient driving techniques,drivers mayalso achieve better fuel economy than the EPAestimates.See Improve Your Fuel Economy onpage 6 for tips on maximizing your fuel economy.The EPA ratings are a useful tool for comparingvehicles because they are always done in preciselythe same way under the same set of conditions.However,they may not accurately predict the fueleconomy you will get.This is also true for annual fuelcost estimates.For more information on fuel economyratings and factors that affect fuel economy,visitfueleconomy.gov.FUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 20201HOW THE GUIDE IS ORGANIZEDFuel economy estimates for all vehicles begin with the 2020Model Year Vehicles section on page 10.Vehicles are organizedby EPA vehicle class and,for trucks and vans,drive type(two-orfour-wheel drive).Additional sections are dedicated to specific vehicle technologyor fuel types for consumers looking for advanced vehicles oralternatives to gasoline vehiclesdiesels,plug-in hybrids,all-electric vehicles,flex-fuel vehicles,and fuel cell vehicles.WHY SOME VEHICLES ARE NOT LISTEDLight-duty fuel economy regulations do not apply toSport utility vehicles(SUVs)and passenger vans with a grossvehicle weight rating(GVWR)of more than 10,000 poundsGVWR is the vehicle weight plus carrying capacityOther vehicles with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or more or a curbweight over 6,000 poundsTherefore,manufacturers do not have to estimate their fueleconomy,and fuel economy labels are not posted on theirwindows.Also,fuel economy information on some vehicles wasnot available in time to be included in this guide.More up-to-dateinformation can be found at fueleconomy.gov.VEHICLE CLASSES USED IN THIS GUIDECARSTRUCKSClassPassenger&Cargo Volume(cu.ft.)TWO-SEATER CARSAnySEDANSMinicompactUnder 85Subcompact85 to 99Compact100 to 109Midsize110 to 119Large120 or moreSTATION WAGONSSmallUnder 130Midsize130 to 159Large160 or moreClassGross Vehicle Weight Rating*(pounds)PICKUP TRUCKSSmallUnder 6,000Standard6,000 to 8,500VANSPassengerUnder 10,000CargoUnder 8,500MINIVANSUnder 8,500SPORT UTILITY VEHICLESSmallUnder 6,000Standard6,000 to 9,999SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLESUnder 8,500*Gross vehicle weight rating-vehicle weight plus carrying capacityUNDERSTANDING THE GUIDE LISTINGS2We hope youll find the Fuel Economy Guide easy to use!Fueleconomy and annual fuel cost data are organized by vehicle class(see page 1 for a list of classes).Within each class,vehicles arelisted alphabetically by manufacturer and model.Vehicle models with different features,such as engine size ortransmission type,are listed separately.Engine and transmissionattributes are shown in the first column under the model name.Additional attributes needed to distinguish among vehicles(e.g.,fuel type or suggested fuel grade)are listed in the“Notes”column.A legend for abbreviations is provided on page 10.A P in the Notes column indicates that the manufacturer recommends that the vehicle be fueled with premium-grade gasoline,and a PR indicates that the manufacturer requires premium.Thehigher price of premium fuel is reected in the annual fuel cost ofthese vehicles.The most fuel-efficient vehicles in each class and alternative fuelvehicles are indicated with special markings(see the diagrambelow).Vehicles that can use more than one kind of fuel have anentry for each fuel type.Interior passenger and cargo volumes arelocated in the index at the back of the Guide.Each vehicle listing includes a greenhouse gas(GHG)rating on ascale of 1(worst)to 10(best).This rating is a comparison of thetailpipe GHG emissions of the vehicle to those of other vehicles ofthe same model year.Highway vehicles account for about 24%(1.6 billion tons)of U.S.greenhouse gas emissions each year.The average recent-modelvehicle causes the release of 6 to 9 tons of GHGs each year.Switching from a vehicle that gets 20 miles per gallon(MPG)toone that gets 25 MPG can reduce GHG emissions by 1.7 tons peryear.Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissionsby Vehicle MPG(gasoline vehicles)*Includes both tailpipe and upstream emissionsFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 20203TAX INCENTIVES AND DISINCENTIVESFederal Tax CreditsYou may be eligible for a federal income tax credit of up to$7,500if you purchase a qualifying electric or plug-in hybrid vehicle in20192020.Note that the federal tax credit begins to phase outafter the manufacturer has sold more than 200,000 qualifyingvehicles.Visit fueleconomy.gov for more information on qualifyingmodels,credit amounts,and phase-out dates.Gas Guzzler TaxThe Energy Tax Act of 1978 requires auto companies to pay agas guzzler tax on the sale of cars with exceptionally low fueleconomy.Such vehicles are identified in the Guide by the wordTax in the Notes column.In the dealer showroom,the words GasGuzzler and the tax amount are listed on the vehicles fuel economylabel.The tax does not apply to light trucks.FUEL ECONOMY SAVES YOU MONEYThe average household spends about one-fifth of its total familyexpenditures on transportation,making it the second mostexpensive category after housing.You could save as much as$1,000(or more)in fuel costs each year by choosing the mostfuel-efficient vehicle in a particular class.This can add up tothousands of dollars over a vehicles lifetime.Fuel-efficient modelscome in all shapes and sizes,so you need not sacrifice utility orsize.Each vehicle listing in the Fuel Economy Guide provides an estimatedannual fuel cost(see page i).The Find and Compare Cars tool atfueleconomy.gov features an annual fuel cost calculator thatallows you to insert your local gasoline prices and typical drivingconditions(percentage of city and highway driving)to obtain moreaccurate fuel cost information for your vehicle.FUELING OPTIONS4Ethanol BlendsE85,E15,and E10Ethanol is a domestically produced,renewable fuel made primarilyfrom corn and sugar cane.The use of ethanol as a vehicle fuelcan reduce greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.E10 is a blend of 10%ethanol and 90%gasoline and is legal foruse in any gasoline-powered vehicle.Most of the gasoline soldin the U.S.contains up to 10%ethanol to boost octane,meetair quality requirements,or satisfy the federal Renewable FuelStandard.As of 2011,EPA began allowing the use of E15 inmodel year 2001 and newer gasoline vehicles.Ethanol containsabout one-third less energy than gasoline.So,vehicles willtypically go 3%4wer miles per gallon on E10 and 4%5wer miles per gallon on E15 than on 100%gasoline.While E10is available everywhere,E15 is currently available at about 1,800stations in the United States.E85(or ex fuel)is a high-level ethanol-gasoline blend containing51%ethanol,depending on the season and geographic location.Drivers can use E85 in exible fuel vehicles(FFVs),which are speciallydesigned to run on gasoline,E85,or any mixture of the two.FFVsare offered by several vehicle manufacturers.To determine whetheryour vehicle is an FFV,check the inside of your cars fuel ller doorfor an identication sticker or consult your owners manual.Morethan 3,300 lling stations in the United States currently sell E85.Visitafdc.energy.gov/locator/stations to nd stations near you.FFVs typically experience a 15%drop in fuel economy whenoperating on E85 instead of regular gasoline due to ethanolslower energy content and other factors,assuming gasolinetypically contains about 10%ethanol.Drivers should notice nodegradation in performance.In fact,some FFVs produce moretorque and horsepower when fueled with higher-level ethanolblends.BiodieselBiodiesel is a domestically produced renewable fuel manufacturedfrom vegetable oils or animal fats for use in diesel vehicles.Usingbiodiesel in place of petroleum diesel can reduce GHG emissions.Biodiesel can be blended with petroleum diesel at anypercentage.B20 is a common biodiesel blend that contains20%biodiesel and 80%petroleum diesel.B5(5%biodieseland 95%petroleum diesel)is another common blend.Allvehicle manufacturers have approved biodiesel blends up toand including B5 for use in all diesel engines,and some haveapproved the use of blends up to B20 in a few recent model yearvehicles.Keep in mind that using higher-level biodiesel blendsmay affect your vehicle warranty.Check your owners manual orcheck with your vehicle manufacturer to determine the right blendfor your vehicle.Purchase commercial-grade biodiesel from a reputable dealer.Neverrefuel with recycled grease or vegetable oil that has not been converted tobiodiesel.It will damage your engine.Close to 200 stations currently dispense B20.Visit afdc.energy.gov/locator/stations to nd service stations selling biodiesel near you.Premium-vs Regular-Grade GasolineRegular unleaded(87 octane)is the recommended fuel for mostgasoline vehicles.Using a higher-octane gasoline than recommendedby the owners manual does not improve performance or fuelefficiency under normal conditions.Check your owners manualfor the recommended grade of fuel for your vehicle,and visitfueleconomy.gov for more information about selecting the rightoctane for your vehicle.FUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 20205Charging Your Electric or Plug-in Hybrid VehicleElectric vehicle(EV)and plug-in hybrid owners have severalcharging options.Many owners will do most of their charging athome.Some workplaces,businesses,and multi-unit dwellings(condos/apartments)provide charging,and there are about22,000 public charging stations across the country.There are three basic types of charging:Level 1 charging:You can plug into a regular 120-volt(V)outletthe kind found in your home.This is the slowest type ofchargingabout 2 to 5 miles of range per hour of chargingbutrequires no special charger or outlet type.Most,if not all,plug-invehicles are equipped with a cord to allow this type of charging.Level 2 charging:These chargers supply current at 208 to240 V and provide 10 to 20 miles of range per hour of charging.Most public chargers are Level 2 chargers.You can also havea Level 2 charger installed at home.Most public chargers usea standard plug type that is compatible with all vehicles frommajor manufacturers.Tesla charging stations use a differentplug type that cannot be used by other vehicles.However,Teslaprovides an adaptor that allows its vehicles to use both Teslaand standard Level 2 charging stations.Fast charging:Also called DC fast charging or DC quickcharging,this is the fastest kind of charging,providing 60 to 80miles of range(or more)to the battery in 20 minutes.Not allvehicles can accept fast charging,nor do all vehicles use thesame type of plug for DC fast charging,so check your ownersmanual.Quick charging stations are usually located alongheavy traffic corridors.Due to expense and electric currentrequirements,they are not practical for home installation.Note:Charge rate can vary based on vehicle model.So,checkthe owners manual for estimated charge time.Charge rate alsodepends on other factors,such as the batterys state of chargeand the ambient temperature.Visit afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_infrastructure.html for more information.ALTERNATIVE FUELING STATION LOCATORWondering where you can fuel up your alternative fuel vehicle?TheAlternative Fueling Station Locator can help you nd a station nearyou or within a given distance from a planned route.The StationLocator shows fueling locations for ethanol,electricity,biodiesel,propane,natural gas,and hydrogen.Check it out at afdc.energy.gov/stations.IMPROVE YOUR FUEL ECONOMY6Drive More EfficientlyAggressive driving(speeding and rapid acceleration/braking)can lower your gas mileage by roughly 150%at highwayspeeds and 10%in stop-and-go traffic.Driver feedback devices can help you drive more efficiently,improving fuel economy by up to 10%.Observe the speed limit.Each 5 MPH you drive over 60 MPH canreduce your fuel economy by 7%.For a personalized estimate of theeffect of speeding on your fuel economy,visit fueleconomy.gov.Avoid idling.Idling gets 0 miles per gallon and costs as much as$0.02 per minute.Using cruise control on the highway helps you maintain aconstant speed and,in most cases,will save fuel.Keep Your Car in ShapeServicing a car that is noticeably out of tune can improve yourgas mileage by about 4%.Keeping tires inflated to the recommended pressure cantypically improve fuel economy by 0.6%.The manufacturers recommended tire pressure canbe found on the tire information placard and/or vehiclecertification label located on the vehicle door edge,doorpost,glove-box door,or inside the trunk lid.Using the recommended grade of motor oil can improve yourfuel economy by 1%2%if youve been using the wrong grade.Keep your tires aligned and balanced.Replacing a clogged air filter can improve gas mileage on oldercars with carbureted engines.Plan and Combine TripsA warmed-up engine is more fuel-efficient than a cold one.Many short trips taken from a cold start can use twice as muchfuel as one multipurpose trip covering the same distance.Note:Letting your car idle to warm up doesnt help your fueleconomy:it actually uses more fuel and creates more pollution.Other SolutionsAvoid carrying unneeded items.An extra 100 pounds candecrease fuel economy by about 1%.Avoid carrying cargo on your roof.A large,blunt rooftop cargobox,for example,can reduce fuel economy by 2%8%in citydriving,6%on the highway,and 10%at interstatespeeds(65 to 75 MPH).Rear-mount cargo boxes or trays reduce fuel economy by muchless(1%2%in city driving and 1%5%on the highway).Use the“economy mode”feature if your vehicle has one.For more tips on improving fuel economy,such as cold-weather tips;hot-weather tips;and tips for hybrids,plug-in hybrids,and all-electricvehicles,visit fueleconomy.gov.Tips for Electric and Hybrid VehiclesMost of the driving tips for conventional vehicles will also helpincrease the range of electric vehicles and hybrids.In addition tothe driving tips above,the tips below will help you get the most outof your electric or hybrid vehicle.1.Read your owners manual.The automaker knows how tooperate and maintain your vehicle to maximize fuel economy,driving range,and battery life.So,consult the owners manualfor tips specific to your vehicle.2.Use the economy(Eco)mode.Many of these vehicles comewith an economy mode or similar feature to improve fueleconomy.You can often turn on this feature by just pressing abutton.3.Avoid hard braking.Anticipate stops and brake gently ormoderately.This allows the regenerative braking system torecover energy from the vehicles forward motion and storeit as electricity.Hard braking causes the vehicle to use itsconventional friction brakes,which do not recover energy.4.Keep the battery charged.Keeping your plug-in hybridsbattery charged helps you use as much electricity and aslittle gasoline as possible,saving you fuel and money andextending the vehicles range.For EVs,it helps maximize yourdriving range.5.Use accessories wisely.Using accessories such as heating,air conditioning,and entertainment systems can lower fueleconomy more for electric vehicles and hybrids than forconventional vehicles.So,keep that in mind when trying tomaximize fuel economy or electric range.Pre-heating or pre-cooling the cabin of a plug-in hybrid or EV while its plugged in,for example,can extend its electric range.ADVANCED VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIESFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 20207Manufacturers are using advanced technologies to improve fueleconomy in many of their vehicles.Along with plug-in hybrids,all-electric vehicles,and fuel cell vehicles,new technologies are alsobeing used to make conventional vehicles more efficient.Someof these fuel-saving technologies are described below.For moreinformation,visit fueleconomy.gov.Hybrid VehiclesHybrids combine the best features of the internal combustionengine with an electric motor and can significantly improve fueleconomy.They are primarily propelled by an internal combustionengine,just like conventional vehicles.However,they also useregenerative braking to convert energy normally wasted duringcoasting and braking into electricity.The recovered electricity isstored in a battery until needed by the electric motor.The electricmotor assists the engine when accelerating or hill climbing and atlow speeds,where internal combustion engines are least efficient.Fuel efficiency can vary signicantly among different hybrid modelsdue to battery and electric motor size.Hybrids with larger batteriesand electric motors,sometimes called full or strong hybrids,canstore more electricity and provide more power to assist the gasolineengine.Some can even run on the electric motor alone for shortdistances.Hybrids with smaller batteries and electric motors are oftenreferred to as mild hybrids.Mild hybrid systems have a smaller effecton fuel economy.In the Guide listings,full hybrids are indicated byHEV in the Notes column,while mild hybrids are indicated byMHEV.Note:Unlike plug-in hybrids(described on page 43),conventional hybridscannot be plugged into an external source of electricity to be rechargedor run on electricity for any substantial distance.Instead,gasoline andregenerative braking provide all of the vehicles energy.Stop-Start SystemsStop-start systems(sometimes called idle-stop,smart start,or other manufacturer-specific names)save fuel by turning offthe engine when the vehicle comes to a stop and automaticallystarting it back up when you step on the accelerator.Stop-startcan improve fuel economy by up to 5%and provides the biggestbenefit in conditions where the engine would otherwise be idling,such as stop-and-go city driving.These systems are currentlyavailable on all hybrids and on hundreds of conventional vehiclemodels.Cylinder DeactivationCylinder deactivation turns off some of the engines cylinderswhen they are not needed.This temporarily and seamlessly turnsan 8-or 6-cylinder engine into a more efficient 4-or 3-cylinderengine.TurbochargingTurbocharging increases engine power,allowing a smaller,morefuel-efficient engine to be used in place of a larger one.Replacingan 8-cylinder engine with a turbocharged 6-cylinder or a 6-cylinderengine with a turbocharged 4-cylinder can save fuel and stillprovide extra power when needed.Advanced TransmissionsThe advanced electronics in todays vehicles can optimizegear shifting for improved fuel efficiency.Six-,7-,and 8-speedautomatic transmissions are most common,and some haveeven more gears.Continuously variable transmissions(CVTs)can change seamlessly through an infinite number of gears.Transmissions with more gears allow the engine to run at its mostefficient speed more often,improving fuel economy.Improved AerodynamicsReducing a vehicles aerodynamic drag(wind resistance)improves fuel economy,especially at higher speeds.Manymanufacturers are improving aerodynamics by refining vehicleshapes or by employing external moving parts such as shuttersthat close off the grill,allowing air to flow smoothly around thevehicle instead of into the engine compartment,where it producesmore drag.Lighter VehiclesReducing vehicle weight improves fuel economy,somanufacturers are beginning to redesign vehicles to weigh lesswhile maintaining performance and safety.For example,replacinga steel body with one made from a lighter-weight material,such asaluminum,can reduce vehicle weight by hundreds of pounds.ANNUAL FUEL COST RANGES FOR VEHICLE CLASSES8The graph below provides the annual fuel cost ranges for the vehicles in each class so you can see where a given vehicles cost falls within itsclass.Annual fuel costs assume that you travel 15,000 miles each year,drive 55%in the city and 45%on the highway,and that fuel costs$3.15/gallon for regular unleaded gasoline,$4.09/gallon for premium,$3.68/gallon for diesel,and$0.15/kWh for electricity.Visit fueleconomy.gov tocalculate the annual fuel cost for a specic vehicle based on your own driving conditions and fuel prices.Annual Fuel CostFuel economy estimates on this chart do not include vehicles operating on compressed natural gas(CNG),E85,or hydrogen.FUEL ECONOMY LEADERSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 20209Listed below are vehicles with the highest fuel economy in the mostpopular classes.For each vehicle class,we list the most fuel-efficientplug-in hybrid(PHEV)or all-electric vehicle(EV)and the most fuel-efficient conventional vehicle.Rankings are based on combined cityand highway fuel economy estimates,which assume 55%city drivingand 45%highway driving.Please note that many vehicle models comein a range of engine sizes and trim lines,resulting in different fueleconomy values.If there is only one vehicle in a class,a fuel economyleader is not listed.For an up-to-date list of fuel economy leaders,visitfueleconomy.gov.Trans Type/SpeedsEng Size/CylindersMPG(e)CombinedTWO-SEATER CARSBMWI8 Roadster(PHEV).A-6.1.5L/3cyl.36FIAT124 Spider.M-6.1.4L/4cyl.30MAZDAMX-5.A-S6.2.0L/4cyl.30MINICOMPACT CARSPOLESTAR1(PHEV).A-S8.2.0L/4cyl.45MINICooper Convertible.AM-S7.1.5L/3cyl.31SUBCOMPACT CARSBMWi3(EV).A-1.113*i3s(EV).A-1.113*CHEVROLETSpark.AV.1.4L/4cyl.33Spark.M-5.1.4L/4cyl.33Spark ACTIV.AV.1.4L/4cyl.33COMPACT CARSTOYOTACorolla Hybrid.AV.1.8L/4cyl.52MIDSIZE CARSTESLAModel 3 Standard Range Plus(EV).A-1.141*TOYOTAPrius Eco(hybrid).AV.1.8L/4cyl.56LARGE CARSTESLAModel S Long Range Plus(EV).A-1.117*HYUNDAIIoniq Blue(hybrid).AM-6.1.6L/4cyl.58Trans Type/SpeedsEng Size/CylindersMPG(e)CombinedSMALL STATION WAGONSCHEVROLETBolt EV.AV.118*KIANiro FE(hybrid).AM-6.1.6L/4cyl.50MIDSIZE STATION WAGONSVOLVOV90 FWD.A-S8.2.0L/4cyl.26SMALL PICKUP TRUCKSCHEVROLETColorado 2WD(diesel).A-6.2.8L/4cyl.23GMCCanyon 2WD(diesel).A-6.2.8L/4cyl.23STANDARD PICKUP TRUCKSCHEVROLETSilverado 2WD(diesel).A-10.3.0L/6cyl.27MINIVANSCHRYSLERPacifica Hybrid(PHEV).AV.3.6L/6cyl.48Pacifica.A-9.3.6L/6cyl.22Voyager.A-9.3.6L/6cyl.22HONDAOdyssey.A-10.3.5L/6cyl.22SMALL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLESTESLAModel Y Performance AWD(EV).A-1.121*FORDEscape FWD HEV(hybrid).AV.2.5L/4cyl.41STANDARD SPORT UTILITY VEHICLESTESLAModel X Long Range Plus(EV).A-1.105*TOYOTAHighlander Hybrid AWD.AV-S6.2.5L/4cyl.35Highlander Hybrid AWD LTD/PLAT.AV-S6.2.5L/4cyl.35*This is an electric vehicle.Since electricity is not measured in gallons,a conversion factor is used to translate the fuel economy intomiles per gallon of gasoline equivalent(MPGe).This vehicle is a plug-in hybrid,which runs on both gasoline and electricity.Since electricity is not measured in gallons,a conversionfactor is used to translate the fuel economy when running on electricity into miles per gallon of gasoline equivalent(MPGe).Thecombined MPGe estimate includes both city and highway driving and gasoline and electric energy use.2020 MODEL YEAR VEHICLES10This section contains the fuel economy values for 2020 model yearvehicles.Additional information for alternative fuel vehicles can befound on pages 3949.Alternative fuel vehicles are highlighted witha blue bar,and those that can use two kinds of fuel,such as exiblefuel vehicles,have an entry for each fuel type.The most fuel-efficientvehicles per class are listed in blue boldface type and marked with ablue pointer().ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE:.Highest MPG in Class2WD.Two-Wheel Drive4WD.Four-Wheel DriveA.Automatic TransmissionA-S.Automatic Transmission-Select ShiftAM.Automated ManualAM-S.Automated Manual-SelectableAV.Continuously Variable TransmissionAV-S.Continuously Variable Transmission withSelect ShiftAWD.All-Wheel DriveCity.MPG on City Test ProcedureCyl.CylindersComb.CombinedD.Ultra-Low Sulfur DieselE85.85%Ethanol/15%GasolineEng Size.Engine Volume in LitersEV.Electric VehicleFCV.Fuel Cell VehicleFFV.Flexible Fuel VehicleFWD.Front-Wheel DriveGas.Regular GasolineGHG.Greenhouse GasGVWR.Gross Vehicle Weight RatingH.HydrogenHP.HorsepowerHEV.Hybrid-Electric VehicleHwy.MPG on Highway Test ProcedureLi-ion.Lithium ionLWB.Long Wheel BaseM.Manual TransmissionMid.Midgrade GasolineMHEV.Mild Hybrid-Electric VehicleMode.Multimode TransmissionMPG.Miles per GallonNA.Not AvailableNi-MH.Nickel-Metal HydrideP.Premium Gasoline RecommendedPHEV.Plug-in Hybrid Electric VehiclePR.Premium Gasoline RequiredPT4.Part-time 4WDRWD.Rear Wheel DriveS.SuperchargerSS.Stop-Start TechnologyT.TurbochargerTax.Subject to Gas Guzzler TaxTrans.Transmissionw/o C.D.Without Cylinder DeactivationXFE.Optional Technology PackageFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202011MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesTWO-SEATER CARSACURANSX HybridAM-S9,3.5L,6cyl2121/22$2,9004PR T HEV SSALFA ROMEO4CAM-6,1.8L,4cyl2824/34$2,2006P TASTON MARTINVantage ManualM-7,4.0L,8cyl1714/21$3,6003P T SSVantage V8A-S8,4.0L,8cyl2018/24$3,0504P TAUDIR8 AWDAM-S7,5.2L,10cyl1613/20$3,8502P TaxR8 Spyder AWDAM-S7,5.2L,10cyl1613/20$3,8502PR TaxTT Roadster quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$1,8005T SSBMWI8 Roadster A-6,1.5L,3cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSZ4 M40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2624/31$2,3505P T SSZ4 sDrive30iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2724/32$2,2506P T SSBUGATTIChironAM-S7,8.0L,16cyl119/14$5,6001PR T TaxDivoAM-S7,8.0L,16cyl109/13$6,1501PR T TaxCHEVROLETCorvetteA-S8,6.2L,8cyl1915/27$3,2503PRFERRARI488 PistaAM-7,3.9L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T Tax SS488 Pista SpiderAM-7,3.9L,8cyl1715/19$3,6003PR T Tax SS812 SuperfastAM-7,6.5L,12cyl1312/16$4,7001PR Tax SSF8 TributoAM-7,3.9L,8cyl1615/19$3,8502PR T Tax SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesFIAT124 SpiderA-6,1.4L,4cyl2925/36$2,1006P T M-6,1.4L,4cyl3026/35$2,0507P TFORDGTAM-7,3.5L,6cyl1412/18$4,4001PR T TaxJAGUARF-Type AWD ConvertibleA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1816/24$3,4003P S SSF-Type AWD CoupeA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1816/24$3,4003P S SSF-Type ConvertibleA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/30$2,3505P T SSA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505P S SSF-Type CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/30$2,3505P T SSA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505P S SSF-Type S AWD ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2118/26$2,9004P S SSF-Type S AWD CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2118/26$2,9004P S SSF-Type S ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004P S SSF-Type S CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004P S SSF-Type SVR AWD ConvertibleA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1816/24$3,4003P S SSF-Type SVR AWD CoupeA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1816/24$3,4003P S SSKOENIGSEGGRegeraA-1,5.0L,8cyl1111/11$5,6001P T Tax HEVLAMBORGHINIAventador CoupeAM-S7,6.5L,12cyl119/15$5,6001PR Tax SSAventador RoadsterAM-S7,6.5L,12cyl119/15$5,6001PR Tax SSAventador Sian CoupeAM-S7,6.5L,12cyl108/14$6,1501PR Tax SSAventador Sian RoadsterAM-S7,6.5L,12cyl108/14$6,1501PR Tax SSHuracanAM-S7,5.2L,10cyl1513/18$4,1002PR TaxHuracan 2WDAM-S7,5.2L,10cyl1513/18$4,1002PR TaxHuracan SpyderAM-S7,5.2L,10cyl1513/18$4,1002PR TaxHuracan Spyder 2WDAM-S7,5.2L,10cyl1513/18$4,1002PR Tax12MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesMAZDAMX-5 A-S6,2.0L,4cyl3026/35$2,0507PM-6,2.0L,4cyl2926/34$2,1006PMCLAREN AUTOMOTIVE570S CoupeAM-S7,3.8L,8cyl1815/22$3,4003P T SS570S SpiderAM-S7,3.8L,8cyl1815/22$3,4003P T SS600LT SpiderAM-S7,3.8L,8cyl1815/22$3,4003P T SS620R CoupeAM-S7,3.8L,8cyl1815/22$3,4003P T SS720S CoupeAM-S7,4.0L,8cyl1815/22$3,4003P T720S SpiderAM-S7,4.0L,8cyl1815/22$3,4003P TGTAM-S7,4.0L,8cyl1815/22$3,4003P TSabreAM-S7,4.0L,8cyl1815/22$3,4003P TSpeedtailAM-S7,4.0L,8cyl1512/20$4,1002P T Tax HEV SSMERCEDES-BENZAMG GT C CoupeAM-7,4.0L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003PR T SSAMG GT C RoadsterAM-7,4.0L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T Tax SSAMG GT CoupeAM-7,4.0L,8cyl1816/22$3,4003PR T SSAMG GT R CoupeAM-7,4.0L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T Tax SSAMG GT R RoadsterAM-7,4.0L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T Tax SSAMG GT RoadsterAM-7,4.0L,8cyl1816/22$3,4003PR T SSAMG SLC43A-9,3.0L,6cyl2320/29$2,6505PR T SSSL450A-9,3.0L,6cyl2220/28$2,8004PR T SSSL550A-9,4.7L,8cyl2017/25$3,0504PR T SSSLC300A-9,2.0L,4cyl2723/32$2,2506PR T SSNISSAN370ZA-S7,3.7L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PRM-6,3.7L,6cyl2017/26$3,0504PR370Z RoadsterA-S7,3.7L,6cyl2118/25$2,9004PRMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesPAGANIHuayra Roadster BCAM-7,6.0L,12cyl1210/15$5,1001P T TaxPORSCHE718 Cayman GT4M-6,4.0L,6cyl1916/23$3,2503P718 SpyderM-6,4.0L,6cyl1916/23$3,2503PBoxsterAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2421/27$2,5505PR T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2220/26$2,8004PR T SSBoxster SAM-S7,2.5L,4cyl2219/25$2,8004PR T SSM-6,2.5L,4cyl2119/24$2,9004PR T SSBoxster TAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2321/27$2,6505PR T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2220/26$2,8004PR T SSCaymanAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2421/27$2,5505PR T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2220/26$2,8004PR T SSCayman SAM-S7,2.5L,4cyl2219/25$2,8004PR T SSM-6,2.5L,4cyl2119/24$2,9004PR T SSCayman TAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2321/27$2,6505PR T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2220/26$2,8004PR T SSRUF AUTOMOBILETURBO12/CTR3/CTR ANNIVERSARYM-7,3.8L,6cyl1816/20$3,4003PR TTOYOTAGR SupraA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2624/31$2,3505P T SSMINICOMPACT CARSASTON MARTINDB11 V12A-S8,5.2L,12cyl1815/22$3,4003P TDB11 V8A-S8,4.0L,8cyl2018/24$3,0504P TDBSA-S8,5.2L,12cyl1714/22$3,6003P T TaxBENTLEYContinental GT ConvertibleAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl1916/26$3,2503P T SSAM-S8,6.0L,12cyl1512/19$4,1002P T Tax SSFERRARIGTC4LussoAM-7,6.3L,12cyl1312/17$4,7001PR Tax PT4 SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202013MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesGTC4Lusso TAM-7,3.9L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003PR T Tax SSPortonoAM-7,3.9L,8cyl1816/22$3,4003PR T SSLOTUSEvoraA-S6,3.5L,6cyl2017/24$3,0504P SM-6,3.5L,6cyl1916/24$3,2503P SEvora GTA-S6,3.5L,6cyl2017/24$3,0504P SM-6,3.5L,6cyl2017/26$3,0504P SMINICooper Convertible AM-S7,1.5L,3cyl3128/36$2,0007P T SSCooper S ConvertibleAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2926/34$2,1006P TJohn Cooper Works ConvertibleA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/33$2,2006P T SSPOLESTAR1 A-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PR T S PHEV SSPORSCHE911 CarreraAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SS911 Carrera 4AM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SS911 Carrera 4 CabrioletAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SS911 Carrera 4SAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504PR T SSM-7,3.0L,6cyl2017/24$3,0504PR T SS911 Carrera 4S CabrioletAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504PR T SSM-7,3.0L,6cyl2017/24$3,0504PR T SS911 Carrera CabrioletAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2017/24$3,0504PR T SS911 Carrera SAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SSM-7,3.0L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504PR T SS911 Carrera S CabrioletAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504PR T SSM-7,3.0L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504PR T SSSUBARUBRZA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2724/33$2,2506PRM-6,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$2,5505PRBRZ tSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2320/27$2,6505PRMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesTOYOTA86A-S6,2.0L,4cyl2724/32$2,2506PRM-6,2.0L,4cyl2421/28$2,5505PRSUBCOMPACT CARSAUDIA3AM-S7,2.0L,4cyl3027/36$1,6007T SSA3 Cabriolet quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$1,9005T SSA3 quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$1,9005T SSA5 Cabriolet quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505P T SSA5 quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2724/32$2,2506P T SSRS3AM-S7,2.5L,5cyl2319/28$2,6505P TS3AM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$2,4505P T SSS5A-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/27$2,6505P T SSS5 CabrioletA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004P T SSTT Coupe quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$1,8005T SSTT RSAM-S7,2.5L,5cyl2319/29$2,6505P TTTS CoupeAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2523/29$2,4505P T SSBENTLEYContinental GTAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl1916/26$3,2503P T SSAM-S8,6.0L,12cyl1512/20$4,1002P T Tax SSBMW230i ConvertibleA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/34$2,2506P T SS230i CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2724/32$2,2506P T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2521/32$2,4505P T SS230i xDrive ConvertibleA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/31$2,5505P T SS230i xDrive CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/31$2,5505P T SS430i ConvertibleA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/34$2,2506P T SS430i xDrive ConvertibleA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2622/32$2,3505P T SS440i ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2422/29$2,5505P T SS14MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotes440i xDrive ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505P T SS840i ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2422/29$2,5505P T SS840i CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2523/30$2,4505P T SS840i xDrive ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/27$2,6505P T SS840i xDrive CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,6505P T SSi3 A-1113124/102$65010EVi3 with Range ExtenderA-1,0.6L,2cylSee page 43.P PHEV SSi3s A-1113124/102$65010EVi3s with Range ExtenderA-1,0.6L,2cylSee page 43.P PHEV SSI8 CoupeA-6,1.5L,3cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSM2 Competition CoupeAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl1917/23$3,2503P T SSM-6,3.0L,6cyl2018/25$3,0504PR T SSM2 CS CoupeAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl1916/23$3,2503P T SSM-6,3.0L,6cyl2017/24$3,0504PR T SSM240i ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSM-6,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004P T SSM240i CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSM-6,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004P T SSM240i Coupe M PerformanceA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSM-6,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004P T SSM240i xDrive ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSM240i xDrive CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSM240i xDrive Coupe M PerformanceA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSM4 ConvertibleAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl1916/22$3,2503P T SSM-6,3.0L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504PR T SSM4 Convertible CompetitionAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl1916/22$3,2503P T SSM-6,3.0L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504PR T SSM8 Competition ConvertibleA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T Tax SSM8 Competition CoupeA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T Tax SSM8 ConvertibleA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T Tax SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesM8 CoupeA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T Tax SSM850i xDrive ConvertibleA-S8,4.4L,8cyl2017/25$3,0504P T SSM850i xDrive CoupeA-S8,4.4L,8cyl2018/25$3,0504P T SSCHEVROLETCamaroA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/31$2,4505PR TM-6,2.0L,4cyl2320/30$2,6505PR TA-S10,3.6L,6cyl2219/29$2,1504M-6,3.6L,6cyl2016/26$2,3504A-S10,6.2L,8cyl2016/27$3,0504PRA-S10,6.2L,8cyl1613/21$3,8502PR S TaxM-6,6.2L,8cyl1916/24$3,2503M-6,6.2L,8cyl1614/20$3,8502PR S TaxSpark AV,1.4L,4cyl3330/38$1,4507 M-5,1.4L,4cyl3329/38$1,4507Spark ACTIV AV,1.4L,4cyl3330/37$1,4507M-5,1.4L,4cyl3229/37$1,5007FORDMustangA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2521/32$1,9005TM-6,2.3L,4cyl2421/30$1,9505TA-S10,5.0L,8cyl1916/25$2,5003M-6,5.0L,8cyl1815/24$2,6003Mustang BullittM-6,5.0L,8cyl1714/23$2,8003TaxMustang ConvertibleA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2320/28$2,0505TM-6,2.3L,4cyl2320/28$2,0505TA-S10,5.0L,8cyl1815/24$2,6003Mustang HO ConvertibleA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2320/27$2,0505TM-6,2.3L,4cyl2219/26$2,1504TMustang HO CoupeA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2320/28$2,0505TM-6,2.3L,4cyl2320/27$2,0505TShelby GT350 MustangM-6,5.2L,8cyl1614/21$3,8502PR TaxShelby GT500 MustangAM-7,5.2L,8cyl1412/18$4,4001PR S TaxINFINITIQ60A-S7,3.0L,6cyl2219/28$2,8004PR TQ60 AWDA-S7,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004PR TQ60 Red SportA-S7,3.0L,6cyl2220/27$2,8004PR TQ60 Red Sport AWDA-S7,3.0L,6cyl2119/26$2,9004PR TFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202015MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesKARMARevero GT(21-inch wheels)A-1,1.5L,3cylSee page 43.PR T PHEV SSLEXUSLC 500A-S10,5.0L,8cyl1916/25$3,2503PRLC 500hAV-S10,3.5L,6cyl3027/35$2,0507PR HEV SSRC 300A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/30$2,5505PR TRC 300 AWDA-S6,3.5L,6cyl2118/24$2,9004PRRC 350A-S8,3.5L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505PRRC 350 AWDA-S6,3.5L,6cyl2119/26$2,9004PRRC FA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1916/24$3,2503PRMERCEDES-BENZA220A-7,2.0L,4cyl2824/35$2,2006PR T SSA220 4maticA-7,2.0L,4cyl2824/34$2,2006PR T SSAMG A35 4maticAM-7,2.0L,4cyl2724/31$2,2506PR T SSAMG C43 4matic ConvertibleA-9,3.0L,6cyl2118/25$2,9004PR T SSAMG C43 4matic CoupeA-9,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004PR T SSAMG C63 ConvertibleA-9,4.0L,8cyl2017/24$3,0504PR T SSAMG C63 CoupeA-9,4.0L,8cyl2017/26$3,0504PR T SSAMG C63 S ConvertibleA-9,4.0L,8cyl2017/24$3,0504PR T SSAMG C63 S CoupeA-9,4.0L,8cyl2017/26$3,0504PR T SSAMG E53 4matic Plus ConvertibleA-9,3.0L,6cyl2320/26$2,6505PR MHEV SSAMG E53 4matic Plus CoupeA-9,3.0L,6cyl2321/28$2,6505PR MHEV SSAMG S63 4matic Plus ConvertibleA-9,4.0L,8cyl1815/24$3,4003PR T SSC300 4matic ConvertibleA-9,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$2,5505PR T SSC300 4matic CoupeA-9,2.0L,4cyl2521/30$2,4505PR T SSC300 ConvertibleA-9,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$2,5505PR T SSC300 CoupeA-9,2.0L,4cyl2522/31$2,4505PR T SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesE450 4matic ConvertibleA-9,3.0L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PR T SSE450 4matic CoupeA-9,3.0L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PR T SSE450 ConvertibleA-9,3.0L,6cyl2320/27$2,6505PR T SSE450 CoupeA-9,3.0L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505PR T SSS560 ConvertibleA-9,4.0L,8cyl2017/26$3,0504PR T SSMINICooper Hardtop 2 doorAM-S7,1.5L,3cyl3128/36$2,0007P T SSCooper Hardtop 4 doorAM-S7,1.5L,3cyl3128/36$2,0007P T SSCooper S Hardtop 2 doorAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl3026/35$2,0507P TCooper S Hardtop 4 doorAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl3026/35$2,0507P TCooper SE Hardtop 2 doorA-1108115/100$70010EVJohn Cooper Works HardtopA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2926/34$2,1006P TNISSANGT-RAM-S6,3.8L,6cyl1816/22$3,4003PR TROUSH PERFORMANCEStage 3 MustangA-S10,5.0L,8cyl1412/18$4,4001PR S TaxM-6,5.0L,8cyl1513/20$4,1002PR S TaxTOYOTAMiraiAV6767/67NA10H FCVCOMPACT CARSACURAILXAM-S8,2.4L,4cyl2824/34$2,2006PTLX AWDA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2320/29$2,6505P SSTLX AWD A-SPECA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2320/29$2,6505P SSTLX FWDAM-S8,2.4L,4cyl2723/33$2,2506PA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2420/31$2,5505PTLX FWD A-SPECAM-S8,2.4L,4cyl2623/32$2,3505PA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2320/30$2,6505P16MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesAUDIA4AM-S7,2.0L,4cyl3027/35$2,0507P T SSA4 quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2724/32$2,2506P T SSS4A-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/27$2,6505P T SSBMW228i xDrive Gran CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/33$2,2506P T SS330iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl3026/36$2,0507P T SS330i xDriveA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/34$2,2006P T SS430i CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/34$2,2506P T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2521/33$2,4505P T SS430i Gran CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/34$2,2506P T SS430i xDrive CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/31$2,5505P T SS430i xDrive Gran CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/31$2,5505P T SS440i CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSM-6,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004P T SS440i Gran CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SS440i xDrive CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSM-6,3.0L,6cyl2118/28$2,9004P T SS440i xDrive Gran CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SS530eA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SS530e xDriveA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSM235i xDriveA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/32$2,3505P T SSM340iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSM340i xDriveA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSM4 CoupeAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl1917/23$3,2503P T SSM-6,3.0L,6cyl2018/25$3,0504PR T SSM4 Coupe CompetitionAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl1917/23$3,2503P T SSM-6,3.0L,6cyl2018/25$3,0504PR T SSM4 CSAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl1917/23$3,2503P T SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesCADILLACCT4A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/34$2,2506PR T SSA-S10,2.7L,4cyl2420/30$2,5505PR T SSCT4 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/32$2,3505PR T SSA-S10,2.7L,4cyl2320/28$2,6505PR T SSCT4 VA-S10,2.7L,4cyl2320/29$2,6505PR T SSCT4 V AWDA-S10,2.7L,4cyl2320/28$2,6505PR T SSCHEVROLETSonicA-S6,1.4L,4cyl2926/34$1,6506TGENESISG70 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2320/27$2,6505P T SSA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504P TG70 RWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2218/28$2,8004P TA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2017/26$3,0504P THONDACivic 2DrAV,1.5L,4cyl3531/40$1,3508TAV-S7,1.5L,4cyl3330/37$1,4507TM-6,1.5L,4cyl3026/36$2,0507P TAV,2.0L,4cyl3330/38$1,4507AV-S7,2.0L,4cyl3229/36$1,5007M-6,2.0L,4cyl2925/35$1,6506HYUNDAIAccentAV,1.6L,4cyl3633/41$1,3008M-6,1.6L,4cyl3329/39$1,4507VelosterAM-7,1.6L,4cyl3028/34$1,6007TM-6,1.6L,4cyl2926/33$1,6506TA-S6,2.0L,4cyl3027/34$1,6007M-6,2.0L,4cyl2825/33$1,7006Veloster NM-6,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$2,4505P TJAGUARXEA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/34$2,2006P T SSXE 30tA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2724/32$2,2506P T SSXE AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2824/34$2,2006P T SSXE AWD 30tA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202017MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesKIARioAV,1.6L,4cyl3633/41$1,3008LEXUSGS FA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1916/24$3,2503PRIS 300A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/30$2,5505PR TIS 300 AWDA-S6,3.5L,6cyl2118/24$2,9004PRIS 350A-S8,3.5L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505PRIS 350 AWDA-S6,3.5L,6cyl2119/26$2,9004PRUX 250hAV-S6,2.0L,4cyl4243/41$1,1009MHEV SSUX 250h AWDAV-S6,2.0L,4cyl3941/38$1,2009MHEV SSMAZDA2A-S6,1.5L,4cyl3532/40$1,3508M-6,1.5L,4cyl3430/39$1,40083 4-Door 2WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl3027/36$1,6007A-S6,2.5L,4cyl3026/35$1,6007w/o C.D.3 4-Door 4WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2825/33$1,7006CX-3 2WDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl3129/34$1,5007CX-3 4WDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2927/32$1,6506MERCEDES-BENZAMG C43 4maticA-9,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004PR T SSAMG C63A-9,4.0L,8cyl2118/27$2,9004PR T SSAMG C63 SA-9,4.0L,8cyl2118/27$2,9004PR T SSAMG CLA35 4maticAM-7,2.0L,4cyl2523/29$2,4505PR T SSAMG CLA45 4maticAM-8,2.0L,4cyl2320/29$2,6505PR T SSAMG CLS53 4matic PlusA-9,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,6505PR MHEV SSAMG GT 53 4matic PlusA-9,3.0L,6cyl2119/24$2,9004PR MHEV SSAMG GT 63 4matic PlusA-9,4.0L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T Tax SSAMG GT 63 S 4matic PlusA-9,4.0L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T Tax SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesAMG S63 4matic Plus CoupeA-9,4.0L,8cyl2017/27$3,0504PR T SSC300A-9,2.0L,4cyl2824/35$2,2006PR T SSC300 4maticA-9,2.0L,4cyl2623/33$2,3505PR T SSCLA250AM-7,2.0L,4cyl2825/35$2,2006PR T SSCLA250 4maticAM-7,2.0L,4cyl2723/33$2,2506PR T SSCLS450A-9,3.0L,6cyl2624/31$2,3505PR T MHEV SSCLS450 4maticA-9,3.0L,6cyl2623/30$2,3505PR T MHEV SSS560 4matic CoupeA-9,4.0L,8cyl2017/26$3,0504PR T SSMITSUBISHIMirageAV,1.2L,3cyl3936/43$1,2009M-5,1.2L,3cyl3633/41$1,3008Mirage G4AV,1.2L,3cyl3735/41$1,3008M-5,1.2L,3cyl3533/40$1,3508NISSANVersaAV,1.6L,4cyl3532/40$1,3508M-5,1.6L,4cyl3027/35$1,6007ROLLS-ROYCEDawnA-S8,6.6L,12cyl1412/18$4,4001P T TaxDawn Black BadgeA-S8,6.6L,12cyl1412/18$4,4001P T TaxSUBARUWRXAV-S8,2.0L,4cyl2118/24$2,9004P TM-6,2.0L,4cyl2321/27$2,6505P TM-6,2.5L,4cyl1916/22$3,2503PR TTOYOTAC-HRAV-S7,2.0L,4cyl2927/31$1,6506CorollaAV,1.8L,4cyl3330/38$1,4507M-6,1.8L,4cyl3329/39$1,4507AV-S10,2.0L,4cyl3431/40$1,4008M-6,2.0L,4cyl3229/36$1,5007Corolla HatchbackAV-S10,2.0L,4cyl3532/41$1,3508M-6,2.0L,4cyl3128/37$1,5007Corolla Hatchback XSEAV-S10,2.0L,4cyl3330/38$1,450718MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesCorolla Hybrid AV,1.8L,4cyl5253/52$90010HEV SSCorolla XLEAV,1.8L,4cyl3229/37$1,5007Corolla XSEAV-S10,2.0L,4cyl3431/38$1,4008Prius cAV,1.5L,4cyl4648/43$1,05010HEV SSYarisA-S6,1.5L,4cyl3532/40$1,3508M-6,1.5L,4cyl3430/39$1,4008VOLKSWAGENGolfA-S8,1.4L,4cyl3229/35$1,5007T SSM-6,1.4L,4cyl3128/36$1,5007TGTIAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2724/32$1,7506T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2724/32$1,7506TJettaA-S8,1.4L,4cyl3430/40$1,4008T SSM-6,1.4L,4cyl3430/40$1,4008TAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2825/32$1,7006T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2825/33$1,7006TVOLVOS60 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2521/32$2,4505PR T S SSS60 AWD PHEVA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PR T S PHEV SSS60 FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/34$2,2506PR T SSMIDSIZE CARSACURARLXA-S10,3.5L,6cyl2320/29$2,6505PRLX HybridAM-S7,3.5L,6cyl2828/29$2,2006P HEV SSALFA ROMEOGiuliaA-8,2.0L,4cyl2724/33$2,2506P T SSA-8,2.9L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504P T SSGiulia AWDA-8,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505P T SSAUDIA5 Sportback quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2724/32$2,2506P T SSA6 quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2724/32$2,2506P T MHEV SSAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl2422/29$2,5505P T MHEV SSA7 quattroAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl2422/29$2,5505P T MHEV SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesS5 SportbackA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/27$2,6505P T SSS6A-S8,2.9L,6cyl2218/28$2,8004P T MHEV SSS7A-S8,2.9L,6cyl2218/28$2,8004P T MHEV SSBENTLEYFlying SpurAM-S8,6.0L,12cyl1512/19$4,1002P T Tax SSMulsanneA-S8,6.8L,8cyl1210/16$5,1001P T TaxBMW530iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/33$2,2006P T SS530i xDriveA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2724/31$2,2506P T SS540iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SS540i xDriveA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/29$2,4505P T SS840i Gran CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2422/29$2,5505P T SS840i xDrive Gran CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/27$2,6505P T SSM5A-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T Tax SSM5 CompetitionA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T Tax SSM550i xDriveA-S8,4.4L,8cyl2018/25$3,0504P T SSM8 Competition Gran CoupeA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T Tax SSM8 Gran CoupeA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T Tax SSM850i xDrive Gran CoupeA-S8,4.4L,8cyl2017/25$3,0504P T SSX2 M35iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/30$2,3505P T SSX2 sDrive28iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2724/32$2,2506P T SSX2 xDrive28iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2724/31$2,2506P T SSBUICKRegalA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2622/32$2,3505PR TRegal AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$2,5505PR TA-S9,3.6L,6cyl2219/27$2,1504SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202019MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesCADILLACCT5A-S10,2.0L,4cyl2623/32$2,3505PR T SSA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2119/26$2,9004PR T SSCT5 AWDA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2521/31$2,4505PR T SSA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2118/25$2,9004PR T SSCT5 VA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2118/26$2,9004PR T SSCT5 V AWDA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504PR T SSCHEVROLETMalibuAV,1.5L,4cyl3229/36$1,5007T SSA-9,2.0L,4cyl2622/32$2,3505PR TDODGEChallengerA-8,3.6L,6cyl2319/30$2,0505A-8,5.7L,8cyl1916/25$2,9503MidM-6,5.7L,8cyl1815/23$3,4003PRA-8,6.4L,8cyl1815/24$3,4003PRM-6,6.4L,8cyl1714/23$3,6003PR TaxChallenger AWDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2118/27$2,2504Challenger SRTA-8,6.2L,8cyl1613/22$3,8502PR S TaxM-6,6.2L,8cyl1613/21$3,8502PR S TaxChallenger SRT WidebodyA-8,6.2L,8cyl1513/21$4,1002PR S TaxM-6,6.2L,8cyl1613/21$3,8502PR S TaxChallenger WidebodyA-8,6.4L,8cyl1815/24$3,4003PRM-6,6.4L,8cyl1714/23$3,6003PR TaxFORDFusion AWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2320/29$2,0505TFusion Energi Plug-in HybridAV,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSFusion FWDA-S6,1.5L,4cyl2723/34$1,7506T SSA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2521/31$1,9005T SSA-6,2.5L,4cyl2421/31$1,9505Fusion Hybrid FWDAV,2.0L,4cyl4243/41$1,1009HEV SSFusion Hybrid TaxiAV,2.0L,4cyl4143/40$1,1509HEV SSFusion Special Service PHEVAV,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSHONDAAccord 2.0T Sport/TouringA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2622/32$1,8005TMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesCivic 4DrAV,1.5L,4cyl3632/42$1,3008TAV-S7,1.5L,4cyl3330/38$1,4507TM-6,1.5L,4cyl3026/36$2,0507P TAV,2.0L,4cyl3330/38$1,4507AV-S7,2.0L,4cyl3229/37$1,5007M-6,2.0L,4cyl2925/36$1,6506Clarity FCVA-16868/67NA10H FCVClarity Plug-in HybridAV,1.5L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSInsightAV,1.5L,4cyl5255/49$90010HEV SSInsight TouringAV,1.5L,4cyl4851/45$1,00010HEV SSHYUNDAIElantraAM-7,1.4L,4cyl3633/41$1,3008TAM-7,1.6L,4cyl2926/33$1,6506TAV,2.0L,4cyl3430/40$1,4008M-6,2.0L,4cyl3026/37$1,6007Elantra SEAV,2.0L,4cyl3531/41$1,3508Ioniq ElectricA-1133145/121$55010EVIoniq Plug-in HybridAM-6,1.6L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSVenueAV,1.6L,4cyl3230/34$1,5007M-6,1.6L,4cyl3027/35$1,6007INFINITIQ50A-S7,3.0L,6cyl2320/29$2,6505PR TQ50 AWDA-S7,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004PR TQ50 Red SportA-S7,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,8004PR TQ50 Red Sport AWDA-S7,3.0L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PR TJAGUARXFA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/34$2,2006P T SSXF 30tA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505P T SSXF AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/33$2,2506P T SSA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505P S SSXF AWD 30tA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/31$2,4505P T SS20MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesKIAForteAM-7,1.6L,4cyl3027/35$1,6007TM-6,1.6L,4cyl2825/32$1,7006TAV,2.0L,4cyl3329/40$1,4507M-6,2.0L,4cyl3127/37$1,5007Forte FEAV,2.0L,4cyl3531/41$1,3508Optima HybridAM-6,2.0L,4cyl4240/45$1,1009HEV SSOptima Plug-in HybridAM-6,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSStinger AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$2,5505P T SSA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504P T SSStinger RWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$2,4505P T SSA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504P T SSLEXUSES 300hAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl4443/44$1,0509HEV SSES 350A-S8,3.5L,6cyl2622/32$1,8005ES 350 F SportA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2522/31$1,9005GS 350A-S8,3.5L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505PRGS 350 AWDA-S6,3.5L,6cyl2119/26$2,9004PRGS 350 F SportA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004PRLS 500A-S10,3.4L,6cyl2319/30$2,6505PR TLS 500 AWDA-S10,3.4L,6cyl2118/27$2,9004PR TLS 500hAV-S10,3.5L,6cyl2825/33$2,2006PR HEV SSLS 500h AWDAV-S10,3.5L,6cyl2623/31$2,3505PR HEV SSUX 200AV-S10,2.0L,4cyl3329/37$1,4507LINCOLNMKZ AWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2320/29$2,0505TA-S6,3.0L,6cyl2017/26$2,3504TMKZ FWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2420/31$1,9505TA-S6,3.0L,6cyl2118/27$2,2504TMKZ Hybrid FWDAV,2.0L,4cyl4142/39$1,1509HEV SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesMASERATIGhibliA-8,3.0L,6cyl1917/24$3,2503PR T SSGhibli SA-8,3.0L,6cyl1917/24$3,2503PR T SSGhibli SQ4A-8,3.0L,6cyl1916/24$3,2503PR T SSMAZDA3 5-Door 2WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl3026/35$1,6007M-6,2.5L,4cyl2925/35$1,65063 5-Door 4WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2724/32$1,75066A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2926/35$1,6506A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2623/31$1,8005TMERCEDES-BENZAMG E53 4matic PlusA-9,3.0L,6cyl2421/28$2,5505PR MHEV SSAMG E63 S 4matic PlusA-9,4.0L,8cyl1815/23$3,4003PR T SSE350A-9,2.0L,4cyl2623/32$2,3505PR T SSE350 4maticA-9,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505PR T SSE450 4maticA-9,3.0L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505PR T SSMINICooper CountrymanAM-S7,1.5L,3cyl2926/33$2,1006P T SSCooper Countryman All4A-S8,1.5L,3cyl2724/33$2,2506P TCooper S ClubmanAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2926/34$2,1006P TCooper S Clubman All4A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/32$2,3505P T SSCooper S CountrymanAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2824/33$2,2006P TCooper S Countryman All4A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505P T SSCooper SE Countryman All4A-S6,1.5L,3cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSJCW Countryman All4A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/30$2,3505P T SSJohn Cooper Works Clubman All4A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505P T SSNISSANAltimaAV,2.5L,4cyl3228/39$1,5007FUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202021MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesAltima AWDAV,2.5L,4cyl3026/36$1,6007Altima AWD SR/PlatinumAV,2.5L,4cyl2925/35$1,6506Altima SR/PlatinumAV,2.0L,4cyl2925/34$1,6506TAV,2.5L,4cyl3127/37$1,5007KicksAV,1.6L,4cyl3331/36$1,4507Leaf(40 kW-hr battery pack)A-1111123/99$70010EVLeaf(62 kW-hr battery pack)A-1108118/97$70010EVLeaf SV/SL(62 kW-hr battery pack)A-1104114/94$75010EVMaximaAV-S7,3.5L,6cyl2420/30$2,5505PSentraAV,2.0L,4cyl3329/39$1,4507Sentra SRAV,2.0L,4cyl3228/37$1,5007ROLLS-ROYCEWraithA-S8,6.6L,12cyl1412/18$4,4001P T TaxWraith Black BadgeA-S8,6.6L,12cyl1412/18$4,4001P T TaxSUBARUImpreza 4-DoorAV-S7,2.0L,4cyl3128/36$1,5007M-5,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$1,8005Impreza Sport 4-DoorAV-S7,2.0L,4cyl3027/36$1,6007M-5,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$1,8005TESLAModel 3 Long RangeA-1130136/123$60010EVModel 3 Long Range AWDA-1121124/116$65010EVModel 3 Long Range Performance AWD(18in)A-1121124/116$65010EVModel 3 Long Range Performance AWD(19in)A-1116119/112$65010EVModel 3 Long Range Performance AWD(20in)A-1113118/107$65010EVModel 3 Mid RangeA-1123128/117$60010EVModel 3 Standard RangeA-1131138/124$60010EVModel 3 Standard Range Plus A-1141148/132$55010EVMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesTOYOTAAvalonA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2522/31$1,9005Avalon HybridAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl4343/43$1,1009HEV SSAvalon Hybrid XLEAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl4443/44$1,0509HEV SSAvalon XLEA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2622/32$1,8005CamryA-S8,2.5L,4cyl3429/41$1,4008A-S8,3.5L,6cyl2622/33$1,8005Camry AWD LE/SEA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2925/34$1,6506Camry AWD XLE/XSEA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2825/34$1,7006Camry Hybrid LEAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl5251/53$90010HEV SSCamry Hybrid XLE/SEAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl4644/47$1,05010HEV SSCamry LE/SEA-S8,2.5L,4cyl3228/39$1,5007Camry TRDA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2522/31$1,9005Camry XLE/XSEA-S8,2.5L,4cyl3127/38$1,5007Camry XSEA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2622/32$1,8005PriusAV,1.8L,4cyl5254/50$90010HEV SSPrius AWDAV,1.8L,4cyl5052/48$95010PT4 HEV SSPrius Eco AV,1.8L,4cyl5658/53$85010HEV SSPrius PrimeAV,1.8L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSVOLKSWAGENPassatA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2723/34$1,7506T SSVOLVOS90 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2521/31$2,4505PR T S SSS90 AWD PHEVA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PR T S PHEV SSLARGE CARSAUDIA8 LA-S8,3.0L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2117/26$2,9004P T MHEV SSA-S8,4.0L,8cyl1815/23$3,4003P T MHEV SS22MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesS8A-S8,4.0L,8cyl1613/22$3,8502P T Tax MHEV SSBMW740iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2422/29$2,5505P T SS740i xDriveA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505P T SS745e xDriveA-S8,3.0L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SS750i xDriveA-S8,4.4L,8cyl2017/25$3,0504P T SSAlpina B7A-S8,4.4L,8cyl2017/25$3,0504P T SSM760i xDriveA-S8,6.6L,12cyl1613/20$3,8502P T Tax SSX1 sDrive28iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2724/33$2,2506P T SSX1 xDrive28iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505P T SSCADILLACCT6 AWDA-S10,3.6L,6cyl2118/27$2,2504SSA-S10,4.2L,8cyl1714/25$3,6003PR T Tax SSCHEVROLETImpalaA-S6,3.6L,6cyl2219/28$2,1504A-S6,3.6L,6cyl2218/28$2,1504Gas1614/20$2,5504E85CHRYSLER300A-8,3.6L,6cyl2319/30$2,0505A-8,5.7L,8cyl1916/25$2,9503Mid300 AWDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2118/27$2,2504DODGEChargerA-8,3.6L,6cyl2319/30$2,0505A-8,5.7L,8cyl1916/25$2,9503MidA-8,6.4L,8cyl1815/24$3,4003PRCharger AWDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2118/27$2,2504Charger SRT WidebodyA-8,6.2L,8cyl1512/21$4,1002PR S TaxCharger WidebodyA-8,6.4L,8cyl1815/24$3,4003PRGENESISG80 AWDA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2017/24$3,0504P TA-S8,3.8L,6cyl2018/24$2,3504A-S8,5.0L,8cyl1815/23$3,4003PMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesG80 RWDA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504P TA-S8,3.8L,6cyl2118/26$2,2504A-S8,5.0L,8cyl1916/24$3,2503PG90 AWDA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504P TA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1815/23$3,4003PG90 RWDA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504P TA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1916/24$3,2503PHONDAAccordAV,1.5L,4cyl3330/38$1,4507TAV-S7,1.5L,4cyl3129/35$1,5007TM-6,1.5L,4cyl3026/35$1,6007TA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2723/34$1,7506TM-6,2.0L,4cyl2622/32$1,8005TAccord HybridAV,2.0L,4cyl4848/47$1,00010HEV SSCivic 5DrAV,1.5L,4cyl3431/40$1,4008TAV-S7,1.5L,4cyl3229/35$1,9007P TM-6,1.5L,4cyl3229/37$1,9007P TM-6,2.0L,4cyl2522/28$2,4505P THYUNDAIElantra GTAM-S7,1.6L,4cyl2825/32$1,7006TM-6,1.6L,4cyl2623/30$1,8005TA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2725/32$1,7506IoniqAM-6,1.6L,4cyl5555/54$85010HEV SSIoniq Blue AM-6,1.6L,4cyl5857/59$80010HEV SSSonataA-S8,1.6L,4cyl3127/36$1,5007TA-S8,2.5L,4cyl3228/38$1,5007SSA-S8,2.5L,4cyl3127/37$1,5007Sonata HybridAM-S6,2.0L,4cyl4745/51$1,00010HEV SSSonata Hybrid BlueAM-S6,2.0L,4cyl5250/54$90010HEV SSKIACadenzaA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2320/28$2,0505K900A-S8,3.3L,6cyl2118/25$2,9004P T SSOptimaAM-7,1.6L,4cyl3127/37$1,5007TA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2421/30$1,9505TA-S6,2.4L,4cyl2724/32$1,7506Optima FEA-S6,2.4L,4cyl2925/35$1,6506FUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202023MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesLINCOLNContinental AWDA-S6,2.7L,6cyl2017/25$2,3504TA-S6,3.0L,6cyl1916/24$2,5003TA-S6,3.7L,6cyl1916/24$2,5003Continental FWDA-S6,2.7L,6cyl2118/27$2,2504TA-S6,3.7L,6cyl2017/26$2,3504Continental CoachA-S6,3.0L,6cyl1916/24$2,5003TMASERATIQuattroporte GTSA-8,3.8L,8cyl1715/22$3,6003PR T Tax SSQuattroporte SA-8,3.0L,6cyl1917/24$3,2503PR T SSQuattroporte SQ4A-8,3.0L,6cyl1816/23$3,4003PR T SSMERCEDES-BENZAMG S63 4matic PlusA-9,4.0L,8cyl2017/26$3,0504PR T SSAMG S65A-7,6.0L,12cyl1613/22$3,8502PR T Tax SSMaybach S650A-7,6.0L,12cyl1613/21$3,8502PR T Tax SSS450A-9,3.0L,6cyl2219/28$2,8004PR T SSS450 4maticA-9,3.0L,6cyl2218/28$2,8004PR T SSS560A-9,4.0L,8cyl2117/27$2,9004PR T SSS560 4maticA-9,4.0L,8cyl2117/27$2,9004PR T SSS560 4matic MaybachA-9,4.0L,8cyl1916/25$3,2503PR T SSS560eA-9,3.0L,6cylSee page 43.PR T PHEV SSPORSCHEPanameraAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004PR T SSPanamera 4AM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PR T SSPanamera 4 e-HybridAM-S8,2.9L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSPanamera 4 e-Hybrid ExecutiveAM-S8,2.9L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSPanamera 4 e-Hybrid STAM-S8,2.9L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSPanamera 4 ExecutiveAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PR T SSPanamera 4 STAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PR T SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesPanamera 4SAM-S8,2.9L,6cyl2118/26$2,9004PR T SSPanamera 4S ExecutiveAM-S8,2.9L,6cyl2118/26$2,9004PR T SSPanamera 4S STAM-S8,2.9L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SSPanamera GTSAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl1916/23$3,2503PR T SSPanamera GTS STAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl1815/22$3,4003PR T SSPanamera TurboAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl2118/25$2,9004PR T SSPanamera Turbo ExecAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl2118/25$2,9004PR T SSPanamera Turbo S e-HybridAM-S8,4.0L,8cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSPanamera Turbo S e-Hybrid ExecutiveAM-S8,4.0L,8cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSPanamera Turbo S e-Hybrid STAM-S8,4.0L,8cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSPanamera Turbo STAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl2018/23$3,0504PR T SSTaycan 4S Perf Battery PlusA-26968/71$1,10010EVTaycan TurboA-26968/71$1,10010EVTaycan Turbo SA-26867/68$1,10010EVROLLS-ROYCEGhostA-S8,6.6L,12cyl1412/18$4,4001P T TaxGhost Black BadgeA-S8,6.6L,12cyl1412/18$4,4001P T TaxGhost EWBA-S8,6.6L,12cyl1412/18$4,4001P T TaxPhantomA-S8,6.7L,12cyl1412/20$4,4001P T TaxPhantom EWBA-S8,6.7L,12cyl1412/20$4,4001P T TaxSUBARULegacy AWDAV-S8,2.4L,4cyl2724/32$1,7506T SSAV-S8,2.5L,4cyl3027/35$1,6007SSTESLAModel S Long RangeA-1111115/107$70010EVModel S Long Range Plus A-1117121/112$65010EVModel S Performance(19in Wheels)A-1104104/104$75010EV24MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesModel S Performance(21in Wheels)A-19798/96$80010EVModel S Standard RangeA-1109113/105$70010EVVOLKSWAGENArteonA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$2,4505P T SSArteon 4motionA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2320/29$2,6505P T SSSMALL STATION WAGONSAUDIA4 allroad quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505P T SSBUICKRegal TourX AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$2,5505PR TCHEVROLETBolt EV AV118127/108$65010EVSonic 5A-S6,1.4L,4cyl2926/34$1,6506TFIAT500 LA-6,1.4L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505P THONDAFitAV,1.5L,4cyl3633/40$1,3008AV-S7,1.5L,4cyl3331/36$1,4507M-6,1.5L,4cyl3129/36$1,5007HR-V AWDAV,1.8L,4cyl2927/31$1,6506AV-S7,1.8L,4cyl2826/31$1,7006HR-V FWDAV,1.8L,4cyl3028/34$1,6007AV-S7,1.8L,4cyl3028/34$1,6007KIANiroAM-6,1.6L,4cyl4951/46$95010HEV SSNiro ElectricA-1112123/102$70010EVNiro FE AM-6,1.6L,4cyl5052/49$95010HEV SSNiro Plug-in HybridAM-6,1.6L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSNiro TouringAM-6,1.6L,4cyl4346/40$1,1009HEV SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesSoulAM-S7,1.6L,4cyl2927/32$1,6506TAV,2.0L,4cyl3027/33$1,6007M-6,2.0L,4cyl2725/31$1,7506Soul Eco dynamicsAV,2.0L,4cyl3129/35$1,5007Soul ElectricA-1114127/101$65010EVNISSANRogue SportAV-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/32$1,7006Rogue Sport AWDAV-S8,2.0L,4cyl2724/30$1,7506SUBARUImpreza 5-DoorAV-S7,2.0L,4cyl3128/36$1,5007M-5,2.0L,4cyl2624/31$1,8005Impreza Sport 5-DoorAV-S7,2.0L,4cyl3027/35$1,6007M-5,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$1,9005VOLVOV60 AWD PHEVA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PR T S PHEV SSV60 CC AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/31$2,4505PR T SSV60 FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/34$2,2506PR T SSMIDSIZE STATION WAGONSAUDIA6 AllroadAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,8004P T MHEV SSJAGUARXF Sportbrake AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/28$2,5505P T SSA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2118/25$2,9004P S SSMERCEDES-BENZAMG E63 S 4matic Plus(wagon)A-9,4.0L,8cyl1916/23$3,2503PR T SSE450 4matic(station wagon)A-9,3.0L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PR T SSNISSANMurano AWDAV-S7,3.5L,6cyl2320/28$2,0505Murano FWDAV-S7,3.5L,6cyl2320/28$2,0505FUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202025MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesROLLS-ROYCECullinanA-S8,6.7L,12cyl1412/20$4,4001P T TaxCullinan Black BadgeA-S8,6.7L,12cyl1412/20$4,4001P T TaxVOLVOV90 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2521/31$2,4505PR T S SSV90 CC AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2420/30$2,5505PR T S SSV90 FWD A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2622/33$2,3505PR T SSSMALL PICKUP TRUCKS 2WDCHEVROLETColorado 2WDA-6,2.5L,4cyl2220/26$2,1504 A-6,2.8L,4cyl2320/30$2,4004D T SSA-8,3.6L,6cyl2018/25$2,3504GMCCanyon 2WDA-6,2.5L,4cyl2220/26$2,1504 A-6,2.8L,4cyl2320/30$2,4004D T SSA-8,3.6L,6cyl2018/25$2,3504HONDARidgeline FWDA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2219/26$2,1504SSTOYOTATacoma 2WDA-S6,2.7L,4cyl2120/23$2,2504A-S6,3.5L,6cyl2119/24$2,2504SMALL PICKUP TRUCKS 4WDCHEVROLETColorado 4WDA-6,2.5L,4cyl2119/24$2,2504A-6,2.8L,4cyl2219/28$2,5004D T SSA-8,3.6L,6cyl1917/24$2,5003Colorado ZR2 4WDA-6,2.8L,4cyl1918/22$2,9003D T SSA-8,3.6L,6cyl1716/18$2,8003GMCCanyon 4WDA-6,2.5L,4cyl2119/24$2,2504A-6,2.8L,4cyl2219/28$2,5004D T SSA-8,3.6L,6cyl1917/24$2,5003MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesTOYOTATacoma 4WDA-S6,2.7L,4cyl2019/22$2,3504PT4A-S6,3.5L,6cyl2018/22$2,3504PT4M-6,3.5L,6cyl1817/21$2,6003PT4Tacoma 4WD D-CAB MT TRD-ORP/PROM-6,3.5L,6cyl1817/20$2,6003PT4STANDARD PICKUP TRUCKS 2WDCHEVROLETSilverado 2WDA-8,2.7L,4cyl2120/23$2,2504T SSA-8,2.7L,4cyl2019/22$2,3504T 3-Mode SS A-10,3.0L,6cyl2723/33$2,0505D T SSA-6,4.3L,6cyl1716/21$2,8003A-6,5.3L,8cyl1715/21$2,8003A-6,5.3L,8cyl1615/19$2,9502Gas1211/14$3,4003E85A-8,5.3L,8cyl2017/24$2,3504XFE pkg SSA-8,5.3L,8cyl1917/23$2,5003SSFORDF150 2WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIREA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2421/28$2,3004D T SSF150 2WD FFV BASE PAYLOAD LTA-S10,5.0L,8cyl1816/21$2,6003Gas1412/17$2,9504E85F150 5.0L 2WD FFV GVWR7599 LBSA-S10,5.0L,8cyl1715/20$2,8003Gas1412/17$2,9504E85F150 Pickup 2WDA-S10,2.7L,6cyl2220/26$2,1504T SSA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2421/29$2,3004D T SSA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1917/23$2,5003T SSF150 Pickup 2WD FFVA-S6,3.3L,6cyl2219/25$2,1504Gas1614/19$2,5505E85A-S10,5.0L,8cyl1917/23$2,5003Gas1412/17$2,9504E85F150 Pickup 2WD LimitedA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1917/22$2,5003T SSRanger 2WDA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2321/26$2,0505T SSGMCSierra 2WDA-8,2.7L,4cyl2120/23$2,2504T SSA-8,2.7L,4cyl2019/22$2,3504T 3-Mode SSA-10,3.0L,6cyl2623/30$2,1005D T SSA-6,4.3L,6cyl1716/21$2,8003A-6,5.3L,8cyl1715/21$2,8003A-6,5.3L,8cyl1615/19$2,9502Gas1211/14$3,4003E85A-8,5.3L,8cyl2017/24$2,3504XFE pkg SSA-8,5.3L,8cyl1917/23$2,5003SS26MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesNISSANFrontier 2WDA-S9,3.8L,6cyl2018/24$2,3504Titan 2WDA-S9,5.6L,8cyl1816/22$3,4003PRAM1500 2WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2622/32$2,1005D TA-8,3.6L,6cyl2220/25$2,1504MHEV SSA-8,5.7L,8cyl1917/23$2,9503Mid MHEV SSA-8,5.7L,8cyl1715/22$3,3003Mid1500 Classic 2WDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2017/25$2,3504A-8,5.7L,8cyl1715/22$3,3003Mid1500 HFE 2WDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2320/26$2,0505MHEV SSROUSH PERFORMANCEF150 Pickup 2WDA-S10,5.0L,8cyl1311/15$4,7001PR STOYOTATundra 2WDA-S6,5.7L,8cyl1513/18$3,1502STANDARD PICKUP TRUCKS 4WDCHEVROLETSilverado 4WDA-8,2.7L,4cyl2019/22$2,3504T SSA-8,2.7L,4cyl2019/22$2,3504T 3-Mode SSA-10,3.0L,6cyl2523/29$2,2004D T SSA-6,4.3L,6cyl1715/20$2,8003A-10,5.3L,8cyl1916/22$2,5003SSA-6,5.3L,8cyl1715/20$2,8003A-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/18$2,9502Gas1211/13$3,4002E85A-8,5.3L,8cyl1816/22$2,6003SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1716/20$3,6003PR SSSilverado 4WD TrailBossA-6,4.3L,6cyl1614/18$2,9502A-10,5.3L,8cyl1816/21$2,6003SSA-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/18$2,9502A-8,5.3L,8cyl1816/21$2,6003SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1715/19$3,6003PR SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1514/18$4,1002PR 3-Mode SSFORDF150 Pickup 4WDA-S10,2.7L,6cyl2018/23$2,3504T PT4 SSA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2220/25$2,5003D T PT4 SSA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1816/22$2,6003T PT4 SSF150 Pickup 4WD FFVA-S6,3.3L,6cyl2018/23$2,3504Gas1513/17$2,7504E85A-S10,5.0L,8cyl1815/21$2,6003Gas1312/15$3,1503E85MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesF150 Pickup 4WD LimitedA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1917/21$2,5003T PT4 SSF150 Pickup 4WD XL/XLTA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2421/28$2,3004D T PT4 SSF150 RAPTOR 4WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1615/18$2,9502T PT4 SSRanger 4WDA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2220/24$2,1504T PT4 SSGMCSierra 4WDA-8,2.7L,4cyl2019/22$2,3504T SSA-8,2.7L,4cyl2019/22$2,3504T 3-Mode SSA-10,3.0L,6cyl2422/26$2,3004D T SSA-6,4.3L,6cyl1715/20$2,8003A-10,5.3L,8cyl1916/22$2,5003SSA-6,5.3L,8cyl1715/20$2,8003A-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/19$2,9502Gas1211/14$3,4003E85A-8,5.3L,8cyl1816/22$2,6003SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR SSSierra 4WD AT4A-10,3.0L,6cyl2422/26$2,3004D T SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1816/21$2,6003SSA-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/18$2,9502A-8,5.3L,8cyl1816/21$2,6003SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1715/19$3,6003PR SSHONDARidgeline AWDA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2119/24$2,2504JEEPGladiator Pickup 4WDA-8,3.6L,6cyl1917/22$2,5003SSM-6,3.6L,6cyl1916/23$2,5003SSNISSANFrontier 4WDA-S9,3.8L,6cyl1917/23$2,5003PT4Titan 4WDA-S9,5.6L,8cyl1815/21$3,4003P PT4Titan 4WD PRO4XA-S9,5.6L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P PT4RAM1500 4WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2421/29$2,3004D TA-8,3.6L,6cyl2119/24$2,2504MHEV SSA-8,5.7L,8cyl1917/22$2,9503Mid MHEV SSA-8,5.7L,8cyl1715/21$3,3003Mid1500 Classic 4WDA-8,3.6L,6cyl1916/23$2,5003A-8,5.7L,8cyl1715/21$3,3003MidROUSH PERFORMANCEF150 Pickup 4WDA-S10,5.0L,8cyl1311/16$4,7001PR SFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202027MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesTOYOTATundra 4WDA-S6,5.7L,8cyl1413/17$3,4001PT4VANS,PASSENGER TYPEFORDTransit T150 Wagon 2WD FFVA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1715/19$2,8003Gas1211/15$3,4003E85Transit T150 Wagon 4WD FFVA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1614/19$2,9502Gas1211/14$3,4003E85SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES 2WDCHEVROLETSilverado Cab Chassis 2WDA-6,4.3L,6cyl1715/19$2,8003A-6,5.3L,8cyl1514/18$3,1502FORDRanger 2WD IncompleteA-S10,2.3L,4cyl1819/18$2,6003T SSTransit Connect USPSA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2220/27$2,1504Transit Connect Van 2WDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2524/27$1,9005SSA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2220/27$2,1504Transit Connect Van FFVA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2524/27$1,9005Gas1918/20$2,1505E85Transit Connect Wagon LWB FFVA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2624/29$1,8005Gas1917/21$2,1506E85Transit Connect Wagon LWB FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2624/29$1,8005SSA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2220/26$2,1504GMCSierra Cab Chassis 2WDA-6,4.3L,6cyl1715/19$2,8003A-6,5.3L,8cyl1514/18$3,1502MERCEDES-BENZMetris(Cargo Van)A-7,2.0L,4cyl2221/24$2,8004PR T SSA-7,2.0L,4cyl2220/24$2,8004PR TMetris(Cargo Van,LWB)A-7,2.0L,4cyl2221/24$2,8004PR T SSA-7,2.0L,4cyl2220/24$2,8004PR TMetris(Passenger Van)A-7,2.0L,4cyl2120/24$2,9004PR T SSA-7,2.0L,4cyl2119/23$2,9004PR TMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesNISSANNV200 Cargo VanAV,2.0L,4cyl2524/26$1,9005RAMPromaster CityA-9,2.4L,4cyl2421/28$1,9505SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES 4WDCHEVROLETSilverado Cab Chassis 4WDA-6,4.3L,6cyl1514/16$3,1502A-6,5.3L,8cyl1514/17$3,1502GMCSierra Cab Chassis 4WDA-6,4.3L,6cyl1514/16$3,1502A-6,5.3L,8cyl1514/17$3,1502MINIVANS 2WDCHRYSLERPacica A-9,3.6L,6cyl2219/28$2,1504SSPacica Hybrid AV,3.6L,6cylSee page 43.PHEV SSVoyager A-9,3.6L,6cyl2219/28$2,1504SSDODGEGrand CaravanA-6,3.6L,6cyl2017/25$2,3504HONDAOdyssey A-10,3.5L,6cyl2219/28$2,1504SSKIASedonaA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2118/24$2,2504TOYOTASienna 2WDA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2119/26$2,2504MINIVANS 4WDCHRYSLERPacica AWDA-9,3.6L,6cyl2017/25$2,3504TOYOTASienna AWDA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2018/24$2,350428MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesSMALL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 2WDACURAMDX FWDA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2320/27$2,6505PRDX FWDA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2422/28$2,5505P T SSRDX FWD A-SPECA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2422/27$2,5505P T SSALFA ROMEOStelvioA-8,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$2,4505P T SSBMWX3 sDrive30iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2725/29$2,2506P T SSBUICKEncore FWDA-S6,1.4L,4cyl2725/30$1,7506TEncore GX FWDAV,1.2L,3cyl2826/30$1,7006T SSAV,1.3L,3cyl3130/32$1,5007T SSEnvision FWDA-6,2.5L,4cyl2522/29$1,9005SSBYDe6A-17273/71$1,05010EVCADILLACXT4 FWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2624/30$2,3505PR T SSXT5 FWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2421/28$2,5505PR T SSA-S9,3.6L,6cyl2118/26$2,2504SSXT6 FWDA-S9,3.6L,6cyl2018/25$2,3504SSCHEVROLETBlazer FWDA-9,2.0L,4cyl2421/28$1,9505T SSA-9,2.5L,4cyl2321/27$2,0505SSA-9,3.6L,6cyl2119/26$2,2504SSEquinox FWDA-6,1.5L,4cyl2826/31$1,7006T SSA-9,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$2,4505PR T SSTrax FWDA-S6,1.4L,4cyl2826/31$1,7006TDODGEJourneyA-4,2.4L,4cyl2119/25$2,2504MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesFORDEcoSport FWDA-S6,1.0L,3cyl2827/29$1,7006T SSEdge FWDA-8,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$1,9505T SSEscape FWDA-8,1.5L,3cyl3027/33$1,6007T SSEscape FWD HEV AV,2.5L,4cyl4144/37$1,1509HEV SSEscape FWD PHEVAV,2.5L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSGMCTerrain FWDA-9,1.5L,4cyl2726/30$1,7506T SSA-9,2.0L,4cyl2422/28$2,5505PR T SSHONDACR-V FWDAV,1.5L,4cyl3028/34$1,6007TPassport FWDA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2220/25$2,1504Pilot FWDA-6,3.5L,6cyl2219/27$2,1504A-S9,3.5L,6cyl2320/27$2,0505HYUNDAIKona ElectricA-1120132/108$60010EVKona FWDAM-7,1.6L,4cyl3028/32$1,6007TA-S6,2.0L,4cyl3027/33$1,6007NexoA-15759/54NA10H FCVNexo BlueA-16165/58NA10H FCVSanta Fe FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2320/27$2,0505T SSA-S8,2.4L,4cyl2522/29$1,9005SSTucson FWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2523/28$1,9005A-S6,2.4L,4cyl2522/28$1,9005INFINITIQX50AV-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/29$2,3505PR TQX60 FWDAV-S7,3.5L,6cyl2220/27$2,8004PJEEPCherokee FWDA-9,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$1,8005T SSA-9,2.4L,4cyl2522/31$1,9005SSA-9,3.2L,6cyl2320/29$2,0505SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202029MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesCompass FWDA-6,2.4L,4cyl2522/31$1,9005SSM-6,2.4L,4cyl2623/32$1,8005Renegade 2WDA-9,1.3L,4cyl2724/32$1,7506T SSA-9,2.4L,4cyl2522/30$1,9005KIASorento FWDA-S6,2.4L,4cyl2522/29$1,9005A-S8,3.3L,6cyl2219/26$2,1504Sportage FWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2320/28$2,0505TA-S6,2.4L,4cyl2623/30$1,8005Telluride FWDA-S8,3.8L,6cyl2320/26$2,0505LEXUSNX 300A-S6,2.0L,4cyl2522/28$2,4505PR TRX 350A-S8,3.5L,6cyl2320/27$2,0505RX 350 LA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2219/26$2,1504LINCOLNCorsair FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$1,9005T SSNautilus FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2321/26$2,0505T SSMAZDACX-30 2WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2825/33$1,7006w/o C.D.A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2825/33$1,7006CX-5 2WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2825/31$1,7006CX-9 2WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2422/28$1,9505TMERCEDES-BENZGLA250AM-7,2.0L,4cyl2824/34$2,2006PR T SSGLB250AM-8,2.0L,4cyl2623/30$2,3505PR T SSGLC300A-9,2.0L,4cyl2422/29$2,5505PR T SSMITSUBISHIEclipse Cross 2WDAV-S8,1.5L,4cyl2625/28$1,8005TEclipse Cross ES 2WDAV-S8,1.5L,4cyl2726/29$1,7506TOutlander 2WDAV-S6,2.4L,4cyl2725/30$1,7506MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesOutlander Sport 2WDAV-S6,2.0L,4cyl2724/30$1,7506AV-S6,2.4L,4cyl2523/29$1,9005NISSANPathnder 2WDAV,3.5L,6cyl2320/27$2,0505Rogue FWDAV,2.5L,4cyl2926/33$1,6506TOYOTAHighlanderA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2421/29$1,9505SSA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2320/28$2,0505Highlander HybridAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl3636/35$1,3008HEV SSRAV4A-S8,2.5L,4cyl3028/35$1,6007SSA-S8,2.5L,4cyl3027/35$1,6007VOLKSWAGENAtlasA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2220/24$2,1504T SSA-S8,3.6L,6cyl1917/23$2,5003SSAtlas Cross SportA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2221/24$2,1504T SSA-S8,3.6L,6cyl1917/23$2,5003SSTiguanA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$1,9005T SSVOLVOXC40 FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/33$1,7506T SSXC60 FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2422/29$2,5505PR T SSSMALL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WDACURAMDX AWDA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PMDX AWD A-SPECA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2119/25$2,9004PMDX Hybrid AWDAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl2726/27$2,2506P HEV SSRDX AWDA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2321/27$2,6505P T SSRDX AWD A-SPECA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2321/26$2,6505P T SSALFA ROMEOStelvio AWDA-8,2.0L,4cyl2422/28$2,5505P T SSA-8,2.9L,6cyl1917/23$3,2503P T SS30MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesAUDIQ3 quattroA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2219/27$2,1504T SSQ5A-S7,2.0L,4cyl2422/28$2,5505P T SSAM-S7,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSSQ5A-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504P T SSBMWX3 MA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1614/19$3,8502P T SSX3 M CompetitionA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1614/19$3,8502P T SSX3 M40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,6505P T SSX3 xDrive30eA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSX3 xDrive30iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2624/29$2,3505P T SSX4 MA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1614/19$3,8502P T SSX4 M CompetitionA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1614/19$3,8502P T SSX4 M40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,6505P T SSX4 xDrive30iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2523/28$2,4505P T SSBUICKEncore AWDA-S6,1.4L,4cyl2624/29$1,8005TEncore GX AWDA-9,1.3L,3cyl2826/29$1,7006T SSEnvision AWDA-9,2.0L,4cyl2220/25$2,8004PR T SSA-6,2.5L,4cyl2421/27$1,9505SSCADILLACXT4 AWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2422/29$2,5505PR T SSXT5 AWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2321/26$2,6505PR T SSA-S9,3.6L,6cyl2018/25$2,3504SSXT6 AWDA-S9,3.6L,6cyl2017/24$2,3504SSCHEVROLETBlazer AWDA-9,2.0L,4cyl2321/27$2,0505T SSA-9,3.6L,6cyl2118/25$2,2504SSEquinox AWDA-6,1.5L,4cyl2725/30$1,7506T SSA-9,2.0L,4cyl2422/28$2,5505PR T SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesTrax AWDA-S6,1.4L,4cyl2624/29$1,8005TFIAT500X AWDA-9,1.3L,4cyl2624/30$1,8005T SSFORDEcoSport AWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2523/29$1,9005SSEdge AWDA-8,2.0L,4cyl2321/28$2,0505T SSA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2321/28$2,0505T SSA-S8,2.7L,6cyl2119/26$2,2504T SSEscape AWDA-8,1.5L,3cyl2826/31$1,7006T SSA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$1,8005T SSEscape AWD HEVAV,2.5L,4cyl4043/37$1,2009PT4 HEV SSGMCTerrain AWDA-9,1.5L,4cyl2625/28$1,8005T SSA-9,2.0L,4cyl2321/26$2,6505PR T SSHONDACR-V AWDAV,1.5L,4cyl2927/32$1,6506TCR-V Hybrid AWDAV,2.0L,4cyl3840/35$1,2508HEV SSPassport AWDA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2119/24$2,2504Pilot AWDA-6,3.5L,6cyl2118/26$2,2504A-S9,3.5L,6cyl2219/26$2,1504HYUNDAIKona AWDAM-7,1.6L,4cyl2726/29$1,7506TA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2826/30$1,7006Santa Fe AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2220/26$2,1504T SSA-S8,2.4L,4cyl2421/27$1,9505SSTucson AWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2322/25$2,0505A-S6,2.4L,4cyl2321/26$2,0505INFINITIQX50 AWDAV-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/28$2,4505PR TQX60 AWDAV-S7,3.5L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PJAGUARE-PaceA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2421/28$2,5505P T SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202031MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesE-Pace P300A-S9,2.0L,4cyl2321/27$2,6505P T SSF-PaceA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2422/27$2,5505P T SSA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504P S SSA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1816/21$3,4003P S SSF-Pace 30tA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2422/27$2,5505P T SSI-PaceA-17680/72$1,00010EVJEEPCherokee 4WDA-9,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$1,9505T SSA-9,2.4L,4cyl2421/29$1,9505SSA-9,3.2L,6cyl2219/27$2,1504SSCherokee 4WD Active Drive IIA-9,2.0L,4cyl2320/27$2,0505T SSA-9,3.2L,6cyl2118/26$2,2504SSCherokee Trailhawk 4WDA-9,2.0L,4cyl2220/26$2,1504T SSA-9,3.2L,6cyl2118/24$2,2504SSCompass 4WDA-9,2.4L,4cyl2522/30$1,9005SSM-6,2.4L,4cyl2522/31$1,9005Renegade 4WDA-9,1.3L,4cyl2623/29$1,8005T SSA-9,2.4L,4cyl2421/29$1,9505Renegade Trailhawk 4WDA-9,1.3L,4cyl2422/27$1,9505T SSWrangler 4WDA-8,2.0L,4cyl2322/24$2,0505T SSA-8,2.0L,4cyl2121/22$2,2504T MHEV SSA-8,3.6L,6cyl2018/23$2,3504SSM-6,3.6L,6cyl2017/25$2,3504SSWrangler Unlimited 4WDA-8,2.0L,4cyl2121/22$2,2504T SSA-8,2.0L,4cyl2121/22$2,2504T MHEV SSA-8,3.0L,6cyl2522/29$2,2004D T SSA-8,3.6L,6cyl2018/22$2,3504SSA-8,3.6L,6cyl2019/22$2,3504MHEV SSM-6,3.6L,6cyl1917/23$2,5003SSKIASorento AWDA-S6,2.4L,4cyl2321/26$2,0505A-S8,3.3L,6cyl2018/24$2,3504Sportage AWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2119/24$2,2504TA-S6,2.4L,4cyl2322/26$2,0505Telluride AWDA-S8,3.8L,6cyl2119/24$2,2504LAND ROVERDiscovery SportA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2119/24$2,9004P T SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesDiscovery Sport MHEVA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2119/24$2,9004P T MHEV SSEvoqueA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2320/27$2,6505P T SSEvoque MHEVA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2321/26$2,6505P T MHEV SSRange Rover VelarA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2321/27$2,6505P T SSA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504P S SSA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003P S SSRange Rover Velar P300A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2220/26$2,8004P T SSRange Rover Velar P380A-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504P S SSLEXUSNX 300 AWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2422/28$2,5505PR TNX 300 AWD F SportA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2422/27$2,5505PR TNX 300h AWDAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl3133/30$1,5007HEV SSRX 350 AWDA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2219/26$2,1504RX 350 L AWDA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2118/25$2,2504LINCOLNCorsair AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$1,9505T SSA-S8,2.3L,4cyl2421/28$1,9505T SSNautilus AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2220/25$2,1504T SSA-S8,2.7L,6cyl2119/26$2,2504T SSMAZDACX-30 4WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2725/32$1,7506A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2624/31$1,8005w/o C.D.CX-5 4WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2624/30$1,8005A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2422/27$1,9505TCX-9 4WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2320/26$2,0505TMERCEDES-BENZAMG GLC43 4maticA-9,3.0L,6cyl2118/24$2,9004PR T SSAMG GLC43 4matic CoupeA-9,3.0L,6cyl2118/24$2,9004PR T SSAMG GLC63 4matic PlusA-9,4.0L,8cyl1816/22$3,4003PR T SSAMG GLC63 4matic Plus CoupeA-9,4.0L,8cyl1816/22$3,4003PR T SS32MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesAMG GLC63 S 4matic Plus CoupeA-9,4.0L,8cyl1816/22$3,4003PR T SSGLA250 4maticAM-7,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505PR T SSGLB250 4maticAM-8,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505PR T SSGLC300 4maticA-9,2.0L,4cyl2421/28$2,5505PR T SSGLC300 4matic CoupeA-9,2.0L,4cyl2421/28$2,5505PR T SSGLC350e 4maticA-9,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PR T PHEV SSGLE350A-9,2.0L,4cyl2220/27$2,8004PR T SSGLE350 4maticA-9,2.0L,4cyl2219/26$2,8004PR T SSMITSUBISHIEclipse Cross 4WDAV-S8,1.5L,4cyl2525/26$1,9005TEclipse Cross ES 4WDAV-S8,1.5L,4cyl2625/28$1,8005TOutlander 4WDAV-S6,2.4L,4cyl2624/29$1,8005A-S6,3.0L,6cyl2220/27$2,8004POutlander PHEVA-1,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSOutlander Sport 4WDAV-S6,2.0L,4cyl2623/29$1,8005AV-S6,2.4L,4cyl2523/28$1,9005NISSANPathnder 4WDAV,3.5L,6cyl2220/27$2,1504Pathnder 4WD PlatinumAV,3.5L,6cyl2119/26$2,2504Rogue AWDAV,2.5L,4cyl2725/32$1,7506PORSCHEMacanAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2119/23$2,9004P T SSMacan GTSAM-S7,2.9L,6cyl1917/22$3,2503PR T SSMacan SAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504PR T SSMacan TurboAM-S7,2.9L,6cyl1917/22$3,2503PR T SSSUBARUCrosstrek AWDAV-S8,2.0L,4cyl3027/33$1,6007M-6,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$1,9005Crosstrek Hybrid AWDAV,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesForester AWDAV-S7,2.5L,4cyl2926/33$1,6506SSOutback AWDAV-S8,2.4L,4cyl2623/30$1,8005T SSAV-S8,2.5L,4cyl2926/33$1,6506SSTESLAModel Y Long Range AWDA-1121127/114$65010EVModel Y Performance AWD A-1121129/112$65010EVModel Y Performance AWD(21in Wheels)A-1111116/106$70010EVTOYOTAHighlander AWDA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2320/27$2,0505SSRAV4 AWDA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2927/33$1,6506SSA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2825/33$1,7006RAV4 AWD LEA-S8,2.5L,4cyl3027/34$1,6007SSRAV4 AWD TRD OFFROADA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2725/32$1,7506RAV4 Hybrid AWDAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl4041/38$1,2009HEV SSVOLKSWAGENAtlas Cross Sport 4motionA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2018/23$2,3504T SSA-S8,3.6L,6cyl1916/22$2,5003SSTiguan 4motionA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2320/27$2,0505T SSVOLVOXC40 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505PR T SSXC60 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2320/27$2,6505PR T S SSA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2320/27$2,6505PR T SSXC60 AWD PHEVA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PR T S PHEV SSSTANDARD SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 2WDBMWX5 sDrive40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2321/26$2,6505P T SSX6 sDrive40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2321/26$2,6505P T SSBUICKEnclave FWDA-9,3.6L,6cyl2118/26$2,2504SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202033MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesCADILLACEscalade 2WDA-10,6.2L,8cyl1714/23$3,6003PRCHEVROLETSuburban C1500 2WDA-6,5.3L,8cyl1815/22$2,6003A-6,5.3L,8cyl1815/22$2,6003Gas1311/17$3,1503E85A-10,6.2L,8cyl1714/23$3,6003PRTahoe C1500 2WDA-6,5.3L,8cyl1815/22$2,6003A-6,5.3L,8cyl1815/22$2,6003Gas1311/17$3,1503E85A-10,6.2L,8cyl1714/23$3,6003PRTraverse FWDA-9,3.6L,6cyl2118/27$2,2504SSDODGEDurango RWDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2119/26$2,2504SSA-8,5.7L,8cyl1714/22$3,3003MidFORDExpedition 2WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1917/23$2,5003T SSExpedition MAX 2WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1917/23$2,5003T SSExplorer HEV RWDA-S10,3.3L,6cyl2827/29$1,7006HEV SSExplorer RWDA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2421/28$1,9505T SSGMCAcadia FWDA-9,2.0L,4cyl2421/28$1,9505T SSA-9,2.5L,4cyl2321/27$2,0505SSA-9,3.6L,6cyl2219/27$2,1504SSYukon C1500 2WDA-6,5.3L,8cyl1815/22$2,6003A-6,5.3L,8cyl1815/22$2,6003Gas1311/17$3,1503E85A-10,6.2L,8cyl1714/23$3,6003PRYukon C1500 XL 2WDA-6,5.3L,8cyl1815/22$2,6003A-6,5.3L,8cyl1815/22$2,6003Gas1311/17$3,1503E85A-10,6.2L,8cyl1714/23$3,6003PRHYUNDAIPalisade FWDA-S8,3.8L,6cyl2219/26$2,1504INFINITIQX80 2WDA-S7,5.6L,8cyl1614/20$3,8502PRMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesLINCOLNAviator RWDA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2118/26$2,2504T SSNavigator 2WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1916/22$2,5003T SSNavigator L 2WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1816/21$2,6003T SSNISSANArmada 2WDA-S7,5.6L,8cyl1614/19$2,9502TOYOTA4Runner 2WDA-S5,4.0L,6cyl1716/19$2,8003Sequoia 2WDA-S6,5.7L,8cyl1513/17$3,1502VOLVOXC90 FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2521/30$2,4505PR T SSSTANDARD SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WDAUDIe-tron SportbackA-17776/78$1,00010EVQ7A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2119/23$2,9004P T SSA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1817/21$3,4003P T MHEV SSQ8A-S8,3.0L,6cyl1817/21$3,4003P T MHEV SSRS Q8A-S8,4.0L,8cyl1513/19$4,1002P T MHEV SSSQ7A-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T SSSQ8A-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T SSBENTLEYBentaygaA-S8,3.0L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSA-S8,4.0L,8cyl1714/23$3,6003P T SSA-S8,6.0L,12cyl1412/17$4,4001P T SSBMWX5 MA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1513/18$4,1002P T SSX5 M CompetitionA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1513/18$4,1002P T SSX5 M50iA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1816/22$3,4003P T SSX5 xDrive40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,8004P T SS34MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesX5 xDrive50iA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1816/22$3,4003P T SSX6 MA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1513/18$4,1002P T SSX6 M CompetitionA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1513/18$4,1002P T SSX6 M50iA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1816/22$3,4003P T SSX6 xDrive40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,8004P T SSX7 M50iA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T SSX7 xDrive40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2220/25$2,8004P T SSX7 xDrive50iA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T SSBUICKEnclave AWDA-9,3.6L,6cyl2017/25$2,3504SSCADILLACEscalade 4WDA-10,6.2L,8cyl1714/21$3,6003PRCHEVROLETSuburban K1500 4WDA-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/21$2,9502A-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/21$2,9502Gas1211/15$3,4003E85A-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/20$3,8502PRTahoe K1500 4WDA-6,5.3L,8cyl1715/21$2,8003A-6,5.3L,8cyl1715/21$2,8003Gas1311/16$3,1503E85A-10,6.2L,8cyl1714/22$3,6003PRTraverse AWDA-9,3.6L,6cyl2017/25$2,3504SSDODGEDurango AWDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2118/25$2,2504SSA-8,5.7L,8cyl1714/22$3,3003MidDurango SRT AWDA-8,6.4L,8cyl1513/19$4,1002PFORDExpedition 4WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1917/22$2,5003T PT4 SSExpedition MAX 4WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1816/21$2,6003T PT4 SSExplorer AWDA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2320/27$2,0505T PT4 SSA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$2,3504T PT4 SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesExplorer FFV AWDA-S10,3.3L,6cyl1916/23$2,5003Gas1311/15$3,1503E85Explorer HEV AWDA-S10,3.3L,6cyl2523/26$1,9005PT4 HEV SSGMCAcadia AWDA-9,2.0L,4cyl2321/27$2,0505T SSA-9,3.6L,6cyl2118/25$2,2504SSYukon K1500 4WDA-6,5.3L,8cyl1715/21$2,8003A-6,5.3L,8cyl1715/21$2,8003Gas1311/16$3,1503E85A-10,6.2L,8cyl1714/22$3,6003PRYukon K1500 XL 4WDA-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/21$2,9502A-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/21$2,9502Gas1211/15$3,4003E85A-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/20$3,8502PRHYUNDAIPalisade AWDA-S8,3.8L,6cyl2119/24$2,2504INFINITIQX80 4WDA-S7,5.6L,8cyl1513/19$4,1002PRJEEPGrand Cherokee 2WDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2119/26$2,2504SSGrand Cherokee 4WDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2118/25$2,2504SSA-8,5.7L,8cyl1714/22$3,3003MidGrand Cherokee SRT 4WDA-8,6.4L,8cyl1513/19$4,1002PGrand Cherokee Trackhawk 4WDA-8,6.2L,8cyl1311/17$4,7001P SLAMBORGHINIUrusA-S8,4.0L,8cyl1412/17$4,4001P T SSLAND ROVERDefender 110A-S8,2.0L,4cyl1817/20$3,4003P T SSDefender 110 MHEVA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1917/22$3,2503P T MHEV SSDefender 90A-S8,2.0L,4cyl1918/21$3,2503P T SSDefender 90 MHEVA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1917/22$3,2503P T MHEV SSDiscoveryA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2321/26$2,4004D T SSA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1816/21$3,4003P S SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202035MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesRange RoverA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2422/28$2,3004D T SSA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1816/21$3,4003P S SSRange Rover LWBA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1816/21$3,4003P S SSRange Rover LWB SVAA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1513/19$4,1002P S SSRange Rover MHEVA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2119/24$2,9004P T MHEV SSRange Rover PHEVA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSRange Rover SportA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2422/28$2,3004D T SSA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1917/22$3,2503P S SSRange Rover Sport MHEVA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2119/24$2,9004P T MHEV SSRange Rover Sport PHEVA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSRange Rover Sport SVRA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1615/20$3,8502P S SSRange Rover SVAA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1614/19$3,8502P S SSLEXUSGX 460A-S6,4.6L,8cyl1615/19$3,8502PRLX 570A-S8,5.7L,8cyl1412/16$4,4001PRRX 450h AWDAV-S6,3.5L,6cyl3031/28$2,0507PR HEV SSRX 450h L AWDAV-S6,3.5L,6cyl2929/28$2,1006PR HEV SSLINCOLNAviator AWDA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2017/24$2,3504T PT4 SSAviator PHEV AWDA-S10,3.0L,6cylSee page 43.T PT4 PHEV SSNavigator 4WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1816/21$2,6003T PT4 SSMASERATILevanteA-8,3.0L,6cyl1715/21$3,6003PR T SSLevante GTSA-8,3.8L,8cyl1514/18$4,1002PR T SSLevante SA-8,3.0L,6cyl1715/21$3,6003PR T SSLevante TrofeoA-8,3.8L,8cyl1514/18$4,1002PR T SSMERCEDES-BENZAMG G63A-9,4.0L,8cyl1413/15$4,4001PR T SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesG550A-9,4.0L,8cyl1413/17$4,4001PR T SSGLE450 4maticA-9,3.0L,6cyl2119/24$2,9004PR T MHEV SSGLE580 4maticA-9,4.0L,8cyl1917/21$3,2503PR T MHEV SSGLS450 4maticA-9,3.0L,6cyl2119/23$2,9004PR T MHEV SSGLS580 4maticA-9,4.0L,8cyl1816/21$3,4003PR T MHEV SSNISSANArmada 4WDA-S7,5.6L,8cyl1513/18$3,1502PORSCHECayenneA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2019/23$3,0504P T SSCayenne CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2019/23$3,0504P T SSCayenne e-HybridA-S8,3.0L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSCayenne e-Hybrid CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSCayenne SA-S8,2.9L,6cyl2018/22$3,0504P T SSCayenne S CoupeA-S8,2.9L,6cyl1918/22$3,2503P T SSCayenne TurboA-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/19$3,6003PR T SSCayenne Turbo CoupeA-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/19$3,6003PR T SSCayenne Turbo S e-HybridA-S8,4.0L,8cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSCayenne Turbo S e-Hybrid CoupeA-S8,4.0L,8cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSSUBARUAscentAV-S8,2.4L,4cyl2321/27$2,0505TAscent Limited/TouringAV-S8,2.4L,4cyl2220/26$2,1504TTESLAModel X Long RangeA-19699/93$80010EVModel X Long Range Plus A-1105108/101$70010EVModel X Performance(20in Wheels)A-19090/89$85010EVModel X Performance(22in Wheels)A-17980/77$95010EVModel X Standard RangeA-1101105/98$75010EV36MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesTOYOTA4Runner 4WDA-S5,4.0L,6cyl1716/19$2,8003PT4A-S5,4.0L,6cyl1716/19$2,8003Highlander Hybrid AWD AV-S6,2.5L,4cyl3535/35$1,3508HEV SSHighlander Hybrid AWD LTD/PLAT AV-S6,2.5L,4cyl3535/34$1,3508HEV SSLand Cruiser Wagon 4WDA-S8,5.7L,8cyl1413/17$3,4001Sequoia 4WDA-S6,5.7L,8cyl1413/17$3,4001PT4VOLKSWAGENAtlas 4motionA-S8,3.6L,6cyl1916/22$2,5003SSVOLVOXC90 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2320/27$2,6505PR T SSA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2118/26$2,9004PR T S SSXC90 AWD PHEVA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PR T S PHEV SSDIESEL VEHICLESFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202037Diesel-powered vehicles are typically more fuel efficient thancomparable vehicles powered by gasoline.Diesel enginesare inherently more energy-efficient,and diesel fuel containsroughly 10%more energy per gallon than gasoline.Inaddition,new advances in diesel engine technology haveimproved performance,reduced engine noise and fuel odor,anddecreased emissions of harmful air pollutants.Ultra-low sulfurdiesel fuels also help reduce emissions from these vehicles.38MPGManufacturerModelConfiguration(trans,eng size,cyl)CombCity/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesMIDSIZE CARSMAZDAMAZDA6A-S6,2.2L,4cylNANANANADSMALL PICKUP TRUCKS 2WDCHEVROLETColorado 2WD A-6,2.8L,4cyl2320/30$2,4004D T SSGMCCanyon 2WD A-6,2.8L,4cyl2320/30$2,4004D T SSSMALL PICKUP TRUCKS 4WDCHEVROLETColorado 4WDA-6,2.8L,4cyl2219/28$2,5004D T SSColorado ZR2 4WDA-6,2.8L,4cyl1918/22$2,9003D T SSGMCCanyon 4WDA-6,2.8L,4cyl2219/28$2,5004D T SSSTANDARD PICKUP TRUCKS 2WDCHEVROLETSilverado 2WD A-10,3.0L,6cyl2723/33$2,0505D T SSFORDF150 2WD BASE PAYLOAD LT TIREA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2421/28$2,3004D T SSF150 Pickup 2WDA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2421/29$2,3004D T SSGMCSierra 2WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2623/30$2,1005D T SSRAM1500 2WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2622/32$2,1005D TSTANDARD PICKUP TRUCKS 4WDCHEVROLETSilverado 4WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2523/29$2,2004D T SSFORDF150 Pickup 4WDA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2220/25$2,5003D T SSF150 Pickup 4WD XL/XLTA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2421/28$2,3004D T SSGMCSierra 4WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2422/26$2,3004D T SSSierra 4WD AT4A-10,3.0L,6cyl2422/26$2,3004D T SSMPGManufacturerModelConfiguration(trans,eng size,cyl)CombCity/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesRAM1500 4WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2421/29$2,3004D TSMALL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WDJEEPWrangler Unlimited 4WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2522/29$2,2004D T SSSTANDARD SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 2WDMAZDACX-5A-S6,2.2L,4cylNANANANADSTANDARD SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WDLAND ROVERDiscoveryA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2321/26$2,4004D T SSRange RoverA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2422/28$2,3004D T SSRange Rover SportA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2422/28$2,3004D T SSMAZDACX-5A-S6,2.2L,4cylNANANANADALL-ELECTRIC VEHICLESFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202039All-electric vehicles(EVs)are propelled by one or more electricmotors powered by a rechargeable battery.EVs are energyefficient and emit no tailpipe pollutants,although the power plantproducing the electricity may emit pollution.Electric motors have several performance benefits.Theyare quiet,have instant torque for quick acceleration,enableregenerative braking,and require less maintenance than internalcombustion engines.Current EVs typically have a shorter driving range thancomparable gasoline or hybrid vehicles,and their range is moresensitive to driving style,driving conditions,and accessory use.Fully recharging the battery can take several hoursthough a“fast charge”to 80pacity may take as little as 30 minutes.Charging options outside the home are expanding.More than800 employers offer charging at work,and nearly 22,000 publiccharging stations are available.EVs are typically more expensivethan comparable conventional vehicles and hybrids due to thecost of the large battery.However,as manufacturers continue toimprove the driving range and reduce the cost of these vehicles,they are becoming more practical and affordable for a widerrange of consumers.A federal income tax credit of up to$7,500 is currently availableto consumers purchasing a qualifying EV.(Note that thefederal tax credit begins to phase out after the manufacturerhas sold more than 200,000 qualifying vehicles.)State and/or local incentives may also apply.For additional informationon EVs,including tax incentives and phase-out dates,visitfueleconomy.gov.40Fuel Economy(comb/city/hwy)ModelMotorBatteryTypeMPGekWh/100 miDrivingRange*(miles)ChargeTime(hrs 240)AnnualFuelCostGHGRatingSUBCOMPACT CARSBMWi3125 kW AC InductionLi-Ion113/124/10230/27/331537$65010i3s135 kW AC InductionLi-Ion113/124/10230/27/331537$65010MINICooper SE Hardtop 2 door135 kW DCPMLi-Ion108/115/10031/29/341104$70010MIDSIZE CARSHYUNDAIIoniq Electric100 kW AC PMSMLi-Ion133/145/12125/23/281705.8$55010NISSANLeaf(40 kW-hr battery pack)110 kW DCPMLi-Ion111/123/9930/27/341498$70010Leaf(62 kW-hr battery pack)160 kW DCPMLi-Ion108/118/9731/29/3522611$70010Leaf SV/SL(62 kW-hr battery pack)160 kW DCPMLi-Ion104/114/9432/29/3621511$75010TESLAModel 3 Long Range211 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion130/136/12326/25/273308.5/10$60010Model 3 Long Range AWD147 and 188 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion121/124/11628/27/293228.5/10$65010Model 3 Long Range Performance AWD(18in)147 and 211 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion121/124/11628/27/293228.5/10$65010Model 3 Long Range Performance AWD(19in)147 and 211 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion116/119/11229/28/303048.5/10$65010Model 3 Long Range Performance AWD(20in)147 and 211 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion113/118/10730/29/312998.5/10$65010Model 3 Mid Range211 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion123/128/11727/26/292648.5/10$60010Model 3 Standard Range211 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion131/138/12426/24/272208.5$60010Model 3 Standard Range Plus211 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion141/148/13224/23/262508.5$55010LARGE CARSPORSCHETaycan 4S Perf Battery Plus120 kW ACPMLi-Ion69/68/7149/50/4820310.5$1,10010Taycan Turbo170 kW ACPMLi-Ion69/68/7149/50/4720110$1,10010Taycan Turbo S120 and 170 kW ACPMLi-Ion68/67/6850/50/4919210.5$1,10010TESLAModel S Long Range193 and 205 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion111/115/10730/29/313738/12$70010Model S Long Range Plus193 and 375 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion117/121/11229/28/3040215.3$65010Model S Performance(19in Wheels)193 and 205 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion104/104/10432/32/333488/12$75010Model S Performance(21in Wheels)193 and 205 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion97/98/9635/34/353268/12$80010Model S Standard Range193 and 205 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion109/113/10531/30/322876.2/9.2$70010SMALL STATION WAGONSCHEVROLETBolt EV150 kW ACPMLi-Ion118/127/10829/26/3125910$65010FORDMach-E AWD Extended Range3P/4PLi-IonNANANANANANAKIANiro Electric150 kW IPMSMLi-Ion112/123/10230/27/332399.5$70010Soul Electric201 kW AC PMSMLi-Ion114/127/10129/26/332439.5$65010SMALL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 2WDBYDe675 kW DCPMLi-Ion72/73/7147/46/471875$1,05010HYUNDAIKona Electric150 kW AC PMSMLi-Ion120/132/10827/25/312589$60010TESLAModel Y RWD Long Range RWD211 kW 3 Phase ACLi-IonNANANANANANAModel Y RWD Standard Range RWD211 kW 3 Phase ACLi-IonNANANANANANAFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202041Fuel Economy(comb/city/hwy)ModelMotorBatteryTypeMPGekWh/100 miDrivingRange*(miles)ChargeTime(hrs 240)AnnualFuelCostGHGRatingSMALL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WDJAGUARI-Pace147 and 147 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion76/80/7244/42/4723413$1,00010TESLAModel Y AWD Long Range AWD147 kW/188 kW 3 Phase ACLi-IonNANANANANANAModel Y AWD Long Range AWD Performance147 kW/211 kW 3 Phase ACLi-IonNANANANANANAModel Y Long Range AWD158 and 203 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion121/127/11428/27/2931610$65010Model Y Performance AWD147 and 211 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion121/129/11228/26/3031510$65010Model Y Performance AWD(21in Wheels)158 and 219 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion111/116/10630/29/3229110$70010STANDARD SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WDAUDIe-tron Sportback141 and 172 kWAsynchron 3-PhaseLi-Ion77/76/7844/44/4321810$1,00010TESLAModel X Long Range193 and 205 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion96/99/9335/34/363288/12$80010Model X Long Range Plus193 and 205 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion105/108/10132/31/333518/12$70010Model X Performance(20in Wheels)205 and 375 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion90/90/8938/37/383058/12$85010Model X Performance(22in Wheels)205 and 375 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion79/80/7743/42/442728/12$95010Model X Standard Range193 and 205 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion101/105/9833/32/352586.2/9.2$75010NOTES AND ABBREVIATIONS:*.Range for combined city/highway driving(55%city and 45%highway).First value is time required with the 48A high power charger option;secondvalue is with standard charger.First value is time required with the 72A high power charger option;secondvalue is with standard charger.Available nationwideAC.Alternating currentAC Induction.Alternating current induction motorACPM.Alternating current permanent magnetDCPM.Direct current permanent magnet motorIPMSM.Interior permanent magnet synchonous motorLi-ion.Lithium ionMPGe.Miles per gallon equivalentNA.Not availablePMSM.Permanent magnet synchronous motorFUEL CELL VEHICLES42Though not yet available for the mass market,a limited numberof fuel cell vehicles(FCVs)are available for lease and sale in selectregions of the country,mostly in California.FCVs are propelled byelectric motors powered by fuel cells,which produce electricityfrom the chemical energy of hydrogen.Fuel cell technology is moreefficient than internal combustion engines and environmentallycleanerthe only by-product of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is water.However,several challenges must be overcome before FCVs aremass-marketed and sold across the country.For more informationabout FCVs,visit fueleconomy.gov and the Fuel Cell TechnologiesProgram website at www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cell-technologies-office/.ModelFuel Cell TypeMotorBattery Type&RatingFuelTypeFuel EconomyComb/City/HwyDriving Range(miles)SUBCOMPACT CARSTOYOTAMiraiPEFC113 kW AC Synchronous245 V Ni-MHHydrogenMPGe 67/67/67312MPK 66/65/66MIDSIZE CARSHONDAClarity FCV*PEM130 kW AC PMSM346 V Li-IonHydrogenMPGe 68/68/67360MPK 66/67/66SMALL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 2WDHYUNDAINexo*PEM120 kW IPMSM240 V Li-IonHydrogenMPGe 57/59/54354MPK 56/58/53Nexo Blue*PEM120 kW IPMSM240 V Li-IonHydrogenMPGe 61/65/58380MPK 60/64/56NOTES AND ABBREVIATIONS:*.California only.Available in California and HawaiiAC.Alternating current induction motorIPMSM.Interior permanent magnet synchonous motorLi-ion.Lithium ionMPGe.Miles per gallon gasoline equivalentMPK.Miles per kilogramNi-MH.Nickel-metal hydridePEFC.Polymer electrolyte fuel cellPEM.Proton exchange membranePMSM.Permanent magnet synchronous motorPLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLESFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202043Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs)are hybrids that can becharged by plugging them into an electrical outlet or chargingstation.Plug-in hybrids can store enough electricity from thepower grid to significantly reduce their gasoline consumptionunder typical driving conditions.There are two basic plug-in hybrid configurations:Series PHEVs,also called Extended Range ElectricVehicles(EREVs).The electric motor on these vehicles is theonly power source that turns the wheels;the gasoline engineonly generates electricity.Series PHEVs can run solely onelectricity until the battery needs to be recharged.The gasolineengine will then generate the electricity needed to power theelectric motor.For short trips,these vehicles may not use anygasoline.Parallel or Blended PHEVs.Both the engine and electricmotor are mechanically connected to the wheels,and bothmay propel the vehicle.The vehicle may operate using bothelectricity and gasoline at the same time,using electricity only,or using gasoline only.Plug-in hybrids also have different battery capacities,allowingsome to travel farther on electricity than others.PHEV fueleconomy,like that of EVs and regular hybrids,can be sensitiveto driving style,driving conditions,and accessory use.Whenoperating in pure electric mode,PHEVs emit no tailpipepollutants,although the power plant producing the electricity mayemit pollution.Charging a PHEVs battery typically takes several hours.They can be charged at home or at an increasing number ofworkplaces or public locations.However,PHEVs dont have to beplugged in to be driven.They can be fueled solely with gasoline,like a conventional hybrid,but they will not achieve maximumrange or fuel economy without charging.Plug-in hybrids use less gasoline and cost less to fuel thanconventional hybrids,but they are more expensive to purchase.A federal income tax credit of up to$7,500 is currently available toconsumers purchasing a qualifying plug-in hybrid.(Note that thefederal tax credit begins to phase out after the manufacturer has soldmore than 200,000 qualifying vehicles.)State and/or local incentivesmay also apply.For additional information on PHEVs,including taxincentives and phase-out dates,visit fueleconomy.gov.44Fuel EconomyCombined MPGeManufacturer ModelTrans,Eng Size,CylElec.MotorFuelComb/City/Hwy MPGRange(miles)TotalRange*(miles)ChargeTime(hrs 240 V)AnnualFuelCostGHGRatingTWO-SEATER CARSBMWI8 RoadsterA-6,1.5L,3cyl,105kW DCPMElectricity Gasoline69 MPGe(49kWh 0 gal/100 mi)183203$1,75010Premium Gasoline27/26/29303MINICOMPACT CARSPOLESTAR1A-S8,2.0L,4cyl,52,85,86kW 3-phase Sync.Electricity Gasoline58 MPGe(57kWh 0 gal/100 mi)524709$1,55010Premium Gasoline26/22/31417SUBCOMPACT CARSBMWi3 with Range ExtenderA-1,0.6L,2cyl,125 kW DCPMElectricity100 MPGe(32kWh/100 mi)1262007$85010Prem
2021-03-04
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