全球化研究报告-PDF版

国际海上保险联盟（IUMI）：2020年全球海上保险报告（英文版）（63页）.pdf

有些数字是估计的。根据IUMI的定义，数据报告的程度是可能的，但可能不是所有国家都完全一致。年份比较，请比较更新后的保费及损失率!(下载于)所有信息仅为信息性质，不具约束力。与海运市场表现有关的数字反.

2020-07-02 63页 5星级

中国对外经济贸易统计学会：2020 年进出口统计综述与分析报告（27页）.pdf

20202020 年进出口统计综述与分析说明年进出口统计综述与分析说明 根据海关进出口统计数据，学会利用图表形式，以我国 2020 年进出口贸易，包括进出口情况、出口情况、进口情况、中国与世界贸易主.

2020-07-02 27页 5星级

美国绿色建筑委员会（USGBC）：2019绿色建筑城市市场简报（英文版）（141页）.pdf

如果城市继续按照20世纪流行的模式发展，就不可能防止严重的气候变化。幸运的是，今天，一些主要的市长正在开辟一条低碳发展的道路，并已经通过投资可持续的城市气候解决方案实现了经济增长。事实上，城市领导人是最早采取气候行动的人之一，这证明了城市是解决气候变化问题的关键部分。

2019-12-02 141页 5星级

欧盟统计局：2019年度欧盟进出口情况报告（14页）.pdf

120192019 年度欧盟进出口情况报告年度欧盟进出口情况报告一、2019 年欧盟进出口概况1.1.总体进出口情况总体进出口情况根据欧盟统计局数据，2019 年，欧盟的外贸总额为 45770.74亿.

2019-12-02 14页 5星级

Adjust & Liftoff：2019年日本移动应用交互报告（英文版）（27页）.pdf

5月、6月和7月是市场营销人员能够以合理成本获取高粘性用户的最佳月份。根据世界银行(World Bank)的数据，日本拥有1.26亿人口，是世界上第四富有的国家，它的手机市场存在的时间比世界上任何其他.

2019-12-02 27页 5星级

美国烈酒协会：2019年美国精酿烈酒年度经济简报（英文版）（43页）.pdf.pdf

目前，精酿啤酒在美国的市场份额为13.5%，预计精酿烈酒市场将继续快速增长。美国精酿烈酒行业的就业人数一直在上升:2018年行业就业人数增加了7000多人，超过25500人。2018年，美国精酿烈酒行业的投资增加了超过8600万美元，总额超过6.79亿美元。

2019-12-02 43页 5星级

深圳海关：2019年度俄罗斯进出口情况报告（14页）.pdf

120192019 年度俄罗斯进出口情况报告年度俄罗斯进出口情况报告一、2019 年俄罗斯货物进出口概况1.1.总体情况总体情况根据俄罗斯海关委员会数据，2019 年，俄罗斯货物进出口总额为 6660.

2019-12-02 14页 5星级

美国商务部：2019年度美国进出口情况报告（14页）.pdf

120192019 年度美国进出口情况报告年度美国进出口情况报告一、2019 年美国进出口概况1.1.总体进出口情况总体进出口情况根据美国商务部数据，2019 年，美国的外贸总额为 41435.77亿.

2019-12-02 14页 5星级

世界贸易组织：2019年亚太贸易援助报告（英文版）（119页）.pdf

国际贸易仍然是整个发展中亚洲经济转型的主要驱动力，自1990年以来，该地区有10多亿人摆脱了贫困。特别是贸易援助在使经济增长更具包容性方面发挥了重要作用。全球贸易格局面临的新挑战使其作用更加紧迫。这些.

2019-12-01 119页 5星级

科罗拉多经济发展和国际贸易办公室：2019年区域链委员会社区报告（英文版）(26页).pdf

BLOCKCHAIN COUNCIL REPORT TO THE COMMUNITY COLORADO OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT exchanges are not regulated by 5 Blockchain Council: Report to the Community | the state of Colorado so, despite real uncertainty around regulation of exchanges, there is little that a Colorado body could resolve. In many of the working groups, however, there was a substantive issue that the Council could work to improve within Colorado. The Council worked with partners across different government agencies and other private organizations across Colorado to determine how to best serve the State and its citizens, businesses, entrepreneurs, users, and customers. The issues identified by the Council, the problem statements produced by the working groups and the solutions-in-progress are explained in detail in subsequent sections. 6 Blockchain Council: Report to the Community | ISSUES IDENTIFIED BY THE COUNCIL DEFINITION OF TOKENS Definitions around the various types of tokens and digital assets are unclear and vague. This leaves companies considering the issuance of tokens with a high level of legal risk, given overlapping regulatory regimes. By defining and classifying types of tokens, companies can create token offerings that fit within a clear legal framework. This drastically reduces the companys costs, protects consumers, and gives more visibility to the offering. Additionally, regulators and policymakers would be able to create a cohesive regulatory framework that guides companies and protects consumers. SECURITIES The lack of regulatory clarity around token sales leads to uncertainty, and potential criminal and civil liability, for companies and individuals who want to sell or purchase digital tokens. There is a need for a framework to determine which blockchain-based assets are securities and which are not, and to coordinate said framework with the SEC, CFTC and other state regulatory bodies so that such asset determinations do not run afoul of rules and regulations outside Colorado. TAXATION Federal taxation of cryptocurrency is both onerous and somewhat unclear, even after the 2017 tax reforms. Pronouncements from the Internal Revenue Service indicate that the Treasury will tax cryptocurrency as “property,” subject to taxation of gains and losses similar to taxation on securities or collectible property. There is currently no “de minimis” exemption on gains, creating a tremendous burden on taxpayers to track the basis (or cost of acquisition) on every purchase or receipt of cryptocurrency, no matter how great or small. If a citizen buys a digital asset for $1 and then uses that digital asset to purchase a cup of coffee when the digital asset is worth $3, the citizen must track, report, and pay capital gains on the $2 “gain”, or increase in value of the digital asset from the date of acquisition to the date it was used in the coffee purchase transaction. If a taxpayer is unable to prove his or her cost basis, the basis is deemed to be zero, resulting in capital gains tax on the entire value of the taxpayers cryptocurrency. This also appears to be the law in Colorado. This tax treatment creates a significant chilling effect, discouraging taxpayers from using cryptocurrencies for everyday purchases. In addition, the lack of information available to taxpayers on the tax treatment of cryptocurrencies likely results in significant under- reporting of taxable gains. There are questions about how payments to employees in crypto will be tracked and recorded given potential price volatility, and how tax filing and withholding would be implemented. This uncertainty makes it difficult for employees or employers who may 7 Blockchain Council: Report to the Community | want to pay salary in wages to do so and ensure they are in compliance. The lack of clarity around taxation of cryptocurrency, and the absence of a de minimis capital gains tax exemption in Colorado leads to uncertainty, and potential criminal and civil liability for companies and individuals who accept or use cryptocurrency in commerce. BANKING REGULATION/MONEY TRANSMISSION Blockchain businesses conducting value-exchanging transactions on behalf of clients may be deemed money transfer agents, and enforcement actions in this regard have already occurred. Both general banking and money transmitter regulations are the domain of individual states, the federal government, or both. Blockchain companies, therefore, operate in a gray legal area, unsure which (if any) financial regulations are applicable to them. The definition of money transmission, for example, varies by state and even with significant legal expense can be difficult to apply to different blockchain businesses. BANKING SERVICES Blockchain businesses, particularly those with a cryptocurrency focus, have historically found it difficult to obtain traditional banking services such as simple bank accounts. Due to regulatory and product uncertainty, banks sometimes consider these businesses too risky to accept as customers, making it difficult for cryptocurrency companies to access and store capital. TRUST/CUSTODY Blockchain asset custody procedures require specificity in dictating safekeeping and transaction handling based on the unique nature of their composition. Unlike traditional assets, where the physical asset itself or a proxy of the asset is held in custody, blockchain assets cannot be physically held. By definition, Blockchain assets exist on a blockchain - a public, immutable ledger of transaction activity. Because information is public and distributed, transaction reversals are not possible as they are with traditional databases serving as a single point of record between two known parties. This makes the practice of secure transaction handling and verification of paramount importance to proper blockchain asset custody standards. GENERAL REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT Emerging and disruptive technologies, such as blockchains, dont always fit neatly within the existing Colorado legal framework of statutory, regulatory, and case law. Companies dont have a clear roadmap or point of contact to help them navigate overlapping regulatory regimes, generating tremendous friction and legal costs for entrepreneurs looking to start businesses and remain in compliance. Additionally, prior to the establishment of this Council, there was no government entity taking a holistic, focused approach to building a comprehensive legal framework to support the blockchain environment in Colorado. 8 Blockchain Council: Report to the Community | DEBT PAYMENTS There is a need for a framework that defines blockchain-related debt transactions, including the incurrence of debts, payment of debts, the use of blockchain assets as collateral and so on, and to ensure that said framework complies with Uniform Commercial Code, Internal Revenue Service Code, and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles as appropriate. OTHER Working groups were also set up to address five areas that were seen not as issues, but as potentially beneficial use cases in need of support: Company Incorporation, Smart Contracts, Digital Identity, Government Use of Blockchain and Higher Education. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS SUMMARY VIEW ISSUE AREASUMMARY OF SOLUTIONSSPECIFIC PROPOSALS Definition of TokensThe Council is drafting a working taxonomy of tokens that can be used for education and to guide policy/regulatory decisions. SecuritiesColorado Digital Token Act will provide an exemption for digital tokens that meet certain requirements. 1 TaxationCryptocurrency Tax Fairness Act will provide de minimis capital gains exemption for small purchases made with cryptocurrencies. The Council is working with the Department of Revenue to provide clarity on other taxation issues. 2,6 Banking Regulation/Money Transmission The Banking Commission released interim guidance on September 20, 2018, clarifying that crypto- to-crypto transmitters do not need to apply for a Money Transmission License, but crypto-to-fiat transmitters do. 3 Banking ServicesNo action taken thus far Trust/CustodyNo action taken thus far General Regulatory Environment The Council is proposing that the State establish a FinTech Point of Contact to help businesses navigate the regulatory environment, and to drive potential future policy changes. 4, 7 9 Blockchain Council: Report to the Community | Debt PaymentsNo action taken thus far Company IncorporationNo action taken thus far Smart ContractsThe Council is considering a program to train state judges to better adjudicate smart contracts issues. 8 Digital IdentityThe Council recommended a pilot set of use cases to become more familiar with the mechanisms of digital identity and identify the best ways to incorporate them into state government services, birth registries and possibly banking AML/KYC requirements. 9 Government Use of Blockchain The Council is continuing to work with government agencies about potential pilots. 5 Higher EducationThe Council is convening stakeholders across the state to understand and build off of existing activity. LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS 1. Colorado Digital Token Act - this bill was introduced to the Colorado State legislature in Jan 2019 The impetus behind the Cryptocurrency Exemption Colorado Digital Token Act (Act) is to provide regularity clarity for companies that desire to raise growth capital by issuing digital tokens. This will support innovation and entrepreneurs in the state. The Act is narrowly targeted to create an exemption for digital token offerings that are clearly not securities, while ensuring that consumers remain broadly protected from fraud and misconduct. a. Issuer Exemption The Act provides a registration exemption under the Colorado Securities Act for issuers of digital tokens that have a primarily consumptive purpose. A “consumptive purpose” is defined as providing or receiving access to goods, services or content. An example of this type of digital token could be “Spotify Coin,” where Spotify pre-sells subscriptions to new content through the sale of a digital token, and then uses the proceeds from that sale to actually develop the content. This is similar to crowdfunding platforms like Indiegogo or Kickstarter. To qualify for this exemption: The issuer of the token must make a notice filing with the Colorado Securities Commissioner The primary purpose of the token must be a consumptive purpose The token cannot be marketed for a speculative or investment purpose The tokens consumptive purpose must be available within 6 months of the time of sale The token cannot be resold or transferred until the consumptive purpose is available The buyer must acknowledge that they are purchasing the token to use it for a consumptive purpose b. Licensing Exemption The Act provides a licensing exemption under the Colorado Securities Act for online platforms that 10 Blockchain Council: Report to the Community | seek to facilitate the purchase, sale or transfer of digital tokens. An example of this type of platform would be “eBay Token Exchange,” where eBay permits the purchase, sale or transfer of digital tokens that have a primarily consumptive purpose. To qualify for this exemption: The platform must make a notice filing with the Colorado Securities Commissioner The token can be used for a consumptive purpose at the time of purchase, sale, or transfer The platform selling the token must stop permitting the purchase, sale or transfer of the token that does not conform to the requirements of the Act. c. Additional Terms The Act authorizes the Securities Commissioner to adopt rules to implement the Act or to provide exemptions or waivers as necessary. The Act also authorizes the Commissioner to enter into agreements with federal, state, or foreign regulators to allow digital tokens issued, purchased, sold, or transferred in Colorado to be issued, purchased, sold, or transferred to another jurisdiction, and vice versa. Finally, the Act makes clear that it is intended to be a “safe harbor” from registration/licensing requirements of the Act, and that there should be no securities violation presumption for issuers or online platforms that dont comply with the Act. 2. Cryptocurrency Fairness Act- This bill is still being considered and has not yet been introduced as of January 2019 This bill creates an exemption from capital gains tax for taxpayers purchasing small goods and services with cryptocurrencies. This bill is almost identical to the Cryptocurrency Tax Fairness Act that then-Reps Polis and Schweikert introduced to the US Congress. Currently, cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are taxed as property within Colorado, which means that gains from sale and exchanges are treated as capital gains, not ordinary income. Because there is no de minimis exemption for small transactions, taxpayers purchasing goods or services, such as a cup of coffee or an MP3 download, with a cryptocurrency must track and report the price of the cryptocurrency at the time of sale to report to the IRS at the end of the year. This creates a lot of friction that discourages the use of cryptocurrencies in everyday purchases. Under this bill, any cryptocurrency transaction leading to a gain of under $600 would be exempt from capital gains tax. This mirrors the same kind of exemption that is provided for foreign currency. Transactions above $600 would still require gains to be tracked and reported, and capital gains tax to be paid. This bill also includes an inflation adjustment to ensure that it remains relevant over time and an aggregation rule to prevent a hypothetical purchaser from breaking a large purchase into several smaller payments to avoid recognition of gain. COUNCIL PRIORITIES 3. Money Transmission Guidance On September 20, 2018, the Colorado Division of Banking released interim regulatory guidance that clarified that Divisions interpretation of how the Money Transmitters Act relates to the transfer of cryptocurrency.3 3 11 Blockchain Council: Report to the Community | The interim guidance clarified that transmission systems that do not transfer fiat currency, such as those that only transmit cryptocurrencies, are not considered money transmission and not subject to the Act. Systems that allowed fiat-to-fiat exchanges through the medium of cryptocurrency still require a Money Transmission License. The Council welcomed this guidance and the majority of the Council members signed on to a formal statement in support of the guidance. This Guidance provides much-needed clarity about the conditions under which cryptocurrency businesses need to be licensed as a money transmitter under Colorado law. Additionally, it provides an interpretation that will allow businesses that engage in exchanging exclusively digital assets to avoid onerous regulations, while ensuring that consumers are protected in cases in which fiat currency is or can be transmitted. Because it is formal guidance but not law, it allows for flexibil

2019-12-01 26页 5星级

亚洲开发银行：2019年亚太贸易便利化报告（英文版）（104页）.pdf

国际贸易已被公认为实施2030年可持续发展议程的关键手段。它支持经济增长和资源的有效利用。然而，尽管有这些无可争议的积极影响，但缺乏适当的社会政策来支持那些受到贸易不利影响的人，导致了对多边主义的抵制.

2019-12-01 104页 5星级

美国宠物用品协会（APPA）：2017-2018年美国养宠人群调查报告（英文版）（50页）.pdf

APPA成立于1958年，拥有35家会员公司。今天，APPAs会员目前包括超过1000家宠物产品制造商、进口商、制造商代表和牲畜供应商，他们代表着世界各地的大公司和成长型企业。APPA的成立是为了促进.

2018-12-02 50页 5星级

美国烈酒协会：2018年美国精酿烈酒年度经济简报（英文版）（44页）.pdf

州外业务对大型生产商尤为重要，占总业务的62%。许多接受调查的零售商和批发商认为，随着时间的推移，精酿烈酒有可能与精酿啤酒表现一致，甚至更好。精酿啤酒目前在美国的市场份额为12.8%，精酿烈酒市场预计将继续快速增长。

2018-09-01 44页 5星级

Fluent：2017年假日购物报告（英文版）（13页）.pdf

FROM SANTA TO SIRI 2017 Holiday Shopping Report HOLIDAY SHOPPING 3 The holiday shoppin.

2017-12-01 13页 5星级

美国烈酒协会：2017年美国精酿烈酒年度经济简报（英文版）（46页）.pdf

在蒸馏酒生产商(DSP)的现场直接销售对所有精酿酒厂都很重要，但对小型酒厂尤其重要，这些酒厂的销售占总销售的34%。国有以外的业务对大型生产商尤其重要，占总业务的58%以上。许多接受调查的零售商和批发商认为，随着时间的推移，精酿烈酒有可能与精酿啤酒表现一致，甚至更好。随着精酿啤酒在美国市场的份额目前超过12%，精酿烈酒市场预计将继续快速增长。

2017-09-01 46页 5星级

Solidiance：2016全球10大绿色建筑城市（英文版）（84页）.pdf

在对全球10个城市的绿色建筑表现进行评估后，巴黎名列前茅，其次是新加坡和伦敦。悉尼、东京和香港分别位列第四、第五和第六。而纽约、迪拜、北京和上海在这一排名中落后。在评估全球城市的绿色建筑数量和使用中的认证系统(绿色建筑)时，研究确定新加坡、伦敦和巴黎是得分最高的城市。

2016-12-02 84页 5星级

人民网舆情检测室：2016年中国出境消费趋势报告（51页）.pdf

2016 China Outbound Consumption Trend 2016年中国出境消费趋势报告 随着中国经济的高速发展，国人出境消费日渐释放出强劲的购买力。通过追踪国人出境消费行为习惯，发.

2016-12-02 51页 5星级

美国商务部（USDC）：2016年美国医疗器械市场报告（英文版）（56页）.pdf

工业与分析(I&A)的工业、贸易和经济分析人员设计和实施国际贸易、投资和出口促进战略，以加强美国工业的全球竞争力。通过结合ITA的行业关系进行深入的定量和定性分析，这些举措为美国企业打开了出口.

2016-12-02 56页 5星级