世界各地的学校为儿童和青年提供相互联系的正式和非正式服务。这些服务不仅关注学业成绩，而且关注社会、情感、心理和身体健康与幸福。通过提供人身保护和监督、日常生活和稳定，以及保健、营养、卫生和其他更专门的需要，教育可以维持和拯救生命，特别是在受危机影响、危机后和难民收容国。在受危机影响的环境中接受优质教育，为儿童和青年提供了充分发挥潜力和体验终身成功所需的工具，从而为实现更好的未来带来了希望。随着世界各地的学校迅速关闭，以应对COVID-19流行病，儿童和年轻人，特别是受危机影响的儿童和年轻人，失去了为他们提供稳定的重要空间，尽管他们周围的环境变得越来越不确定。COVID-19造成的经济冲击造成了毁灭性后果，加剧了许多家庭已经面临的贫困和粮食不安全状况，包括那些在承受先前存在的挑战的情况下面临的贫困和粮食不安全状况。成年人和儿童的心理健康都因被限制在家中而恶化;政府和非政府机构都报告说，专门针对儿童和青年的暴力和其他威胁明显增加。根据以往传染病爆发的研究和经验，以及当前COVID-19大流行的一系列紧急工作，本报告强调了学校突然关闭以及服务、社交网络和其他保护性服务的准入和可用性受到严格限制所造成的主要负面影响为生活在受危机影响环境中的儿童和青年提供的设施。学校关闭对教育和儿童保护的影响可分为三个主要方面。学校关闭对学业成就、社会和情感学习(SEL)有着显著的负面影响。为了减少面对面教学的损失，教育利益相关者尝试快速传播在线和其他远程学习资源，包括在互联网、电视和广播上提供的课程，以及印刷的学习材料。对这些全球努力的分析得出了几个关键结论：远程教育的内容和质量差别很大，即使在一个国家内也是如此，儿童参与学习的能力在很大程度上取决于各个家庭提供的资源和支持。由于信息和通信技术、基础设施和数字素养方面的障碍，许多学习者难以获得远程学习选项。
2021-04-06
70页
5星级
创造想去的地方影响社区和商业的宏观趋势，公共领域是向居民、企业和游客提供体验价值的场所。你是怎么做的?放置的过程：从音乐团体展示的地方制作的好处空间的日常使用量增加了300-500%54%的办公室租户.
2021-04-06
38页
5星级
解决巴基斯坦儿童保育问题是对家庭友好型工作场所政策和实践的景观分析，包括雇主支持的儿童保育，1由国际金融公司(IFC)和巴基斯坦商业委员会(PBC)于2019-2020年委托。这项研究的目的是更好地了解巴基斯坦家庭友好型工作场所的状况以及为正式就业的雇员提供的各种托儿选择。妇女参与经济对国家的增长和发展至关重要。巴基斯坦的人力资本是其最大的资产，也是实现其到2025年加入中高收入国家联盟愿景的关键因素之一。然而，巴基斯坦的女性劳动力参与率很低，为23%(男性为82%)(国际劳工组织，2020年)，南亚最低，世界最低。与此同时，巴基斯坦妇女从事90%以上的无偿护理工作(国际劳工组织，2019年)。根据联合国妇女组织的报告2019-2020年世界妇女的进步，一个男人每花一个小时在无偿护理和家务劳动上，巴基斯坦妇女就花11个小时做同样的事情。由于缺乏负担得起的、高质量的托儿服务可能是妇女有偿就业的一个重要障碍，因此了解一个地区妇女和家庭对托儿服务的需求和供应就变得至关重要。由于公共提供的儿童保育服务往往不足，许多家庭负担不起服务，而且鉴于公司有充分的商业理由来支持其雇员的儿童保育需要，这项研究的重点是雇主支持的儿童保育和其他有利于妇女和父母就业的家庭政策。本研究采用定性和定量相结合的数据收集技术，绘制和分析了该国儿童保育服务的需求、供给和政策格局。这项研究包括一项由来自多个部门的140名雇主完成的电子调查、与70多名在职父母进行的焦点小组讨论、访问22个公立和私立托儿中心以及与21个政策利益攸关方的访谈，并对国家和省的相关政策和法案进行了案头审查。虽然这项在线调查对全国各地的雇主开放，但研究的其他部分则集中在伊斯兰堡首都地区(ICT)和俾路支省、开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省、旁遮普省和信德省四个省。尽管研究所用的样本并不代表巴基斯坦的人口，但这项研究得出了有关巴基斯坦主要城市雇主资助的儿童保育状况的关键见解。
2021-04-06
49页
5星级
自2020年5月第一卷发布以来，COVID-19大流行继续在世界各地肆虐。截至2021年3月中旬，全球各国报告的病例超过1.23亿例，比本报告上一卷增加近5倍，死于该病的人数超过270万。虽然目前新病例数量再次上升，但全球卫生界已经注射了近4亿剂疫苗，终于出现了一些希望和进展的迹象。然而，这一流行病继续给各国政府和国际组织带来严峻挑战。经济影响有可能破坏最近几十年来在减贫、儿童营养和两性平等方面取得的进展，并加剧支持难民、移民和其他弱势社区的困难。国家和地方政府以及国际和私营部门合作伙伴必须尽可能有效、安全和公平地部署疫苗，同时仍然监测新的疫情，并继续采取政策保护那些尚未获得免疫力的人。随着世界开始转向“大流行后”的现实，经济复苏的努力也越来越紧迫。越来越清楚的是，今后几个月和几年所作的选择可能会对后代产生影响。世界比以往任何时候都更需要可靠和可信赖的数据和统计数字来为这些重要决定提供信息。联合国国家和统计活动协调委员会的所有成员组织收集并提供了大量信息，用于评估这一流行病的多方面影响。本报告更新了第一卷和第二卷中介绍的一些全球和地区趋势，并简要介绍了COVID-19如何在多个领域继续影响当今世界。报告还强调了这一流行病对特定地区和人口群体的影响。从这场大流行开始到现在已经一年多了，现在可以得到的统计数字量化了这场可怕危机的同比影响，并开始暗示一个复苏和“后危机”的世界可能会是什么样子。一些关键发现包括：2020年，全球8.8%的工作时间流失，相当于2.55亿个全职工作岗位，这一数字是2009年金融危机期间失业人数的四倍。COVID-19估计在2020年使1.19-1.24亿人陷入贫困，这比先前的估计有了大幅增加。航空客运量在2020年下降了60%，而以船舶港口停靠量衡量的航运活动可能下降了10%左右。人类发展指数自1990年以来首次下降，原因是这一流行病抹去了妇女劳动参与率方面的进展。国际旅游业创下有史以来最糟糕的一年;国际旅游业下降了74%。2020年，二氧化碳排放量下降了6%，主要原因是航空和运输活动减少。随着各国开展恢复工作，许多国家在规划中纳入了绿色和可持续的目标。
2021-04-06
88页
5星级
氢被视为一种降低温室气体排放难以减少的部门的碳排放的手段，作为一种能源储存媒介，以及在停止化石燃料进口导致能源短缺的情况下的一种退路。在欧盟2050年实现温室气体净零排放目标的过程中，氢可能至少会发挥.
2021-04-06
24页
5星级
今年是HubSpot向多元化和包容性公司转型的一个特殊里程碑:连续五年发布多元化数据。在过去的五年里，我们从我们的员工、客户和社区中学到了很多关于建立一个每个人都能尽其所能工作的公司的知识。不过，在过.
2021-04-06
25页
5星级
现代营销分析被认为是B2B工作流程、数据质量、领导和客户归因和测量的关键。事实上，由于2020年的快速数字化，许多营销归类和研究公司的业务都出现了增长，这促使营销人员越来越依赖营销分析来制定策略。营销.
2021-04-02
13页
5星级
随着中国A股被部分纳入MSCI新兴市场指数(MSCI Emerging Markets Index)，以及中国在MSCI新兴市场指数(EM)中的权重有所增加，一些投资者开始将专门针对中国的投资计划作为其更广泛资产配置过程的一部分进行评估。在“中国专项资金配置基础”系列的第二篇论文中，我们重点讨论了配置和实施中国专项资金配置的宏观方面。该框架概述了一个专门的中国之旅，从最高政策层面、战略和战术资产配置的各个层面，到最低投资实施层面。具体地说,我们将讨论定量和定性标准分级专用的中国在一个投资者分配的更广泛的区域/资产组合基于市场机会集表示,经济增长和基本面,曝光的贸易和投资,货币国际化水平和其他领域的目标结果从定量模型进行了优化。
2021-04-02
22页
5星级
对于品牌和营销人员来说，2021年将是复苏的一年，需要做出艰难的决定，并将2020年的教训转化为增长计划。在“2021年数字趋势调查”中，超过1.3万名受访者认为，他们的业务将客户视为人类，将员工视为.
2021-04-02
29页
5星级
大流行、野火、飓风、洪水，好像每天新闻里都有灾难，我们常常想到大灾难，但即使是相对较小的事件，如局部风暴或停电，也会打断你的业务运作，而我们希望你永远不需要使用它，有一个业务连续性计划(BCP)是至关重要的，同样重要的是，有一个值得信赖的合作伙伴，你可以依靠它来获得支持。近50年来，Paychex帮助企业成功应对影响业务运营的不可预见的事件。我们知道灾难情况可能很复杂，我们不能保证他们会很容易，但是我们可以帮助他们变得更简单。正如它听起来的那样，业务连续性计划是一种准备计划，帮助企业在发生灾难或紧急情况时继续运营。根据事件的类型和严重程度，他们可能会面临以下问题：客户减少、现金流或信贷放缓、临时供应链中断、员工因病短缺或隔离、人们无法工作(如在天气事件中)、设施的物理损坏、技术、通信或系统停机灾难通常是不可预测的，有些情况可能无法预料，但一个深思熟虑的BCP可以给你信心，你需要在各种各样的情况下作出反应。风险评估可以围绕您的地理位置、所处行业的类型和设施的实际物流进行，例如，加州发生地震的风险将比纽约更高餐馆业务可能比it公司面临更大的供应链中断风险而较旧的设施可能比较新的设施更容易受到基础设施损坏美国红十字会建议您研究可能发生的灾害类型对于你所在的地区来说是很常见的你可能还想对你的建筑进行结构缺陷评估那么工作场所的安全呢?您的企业必须遵守OSHA标准，但是否有其他演习或协议，您可以放在地方，以保护您的人民?你也可以考虑一个临时的搬迁计划，在那里你可以在另一个地点建立关键的业务运作，并确保在你的员工手册中有一个行动计划，概述他们在发生危机时需要做什么，无论规模或行业，任何企业都可能受到公共卫生危机的影响，国家灾难或安全漏洞，所以一定要制定一个BCP计划，解决这三个问题。
2021-04-01
11页
5星级
这项社会经济调查旨在评估COVID-19对回返者的影响以及在COVID-19封锁期间来到津巴布韦的回返者的计划，以确定他们是打算永久定居在津巴布韦还是计划移民到东道国。社会经济调查的目的是确定回返者应.
2021-04-01
26页
5星级
欢迎阅读本指南，本指南旨在帮助您了解如何报告有关暴力和虐待的问题，并了解报告之后可能发生的情况。每个儿童都有权受到保护，免受一切暴力侵害。暴力可以有很多不同的含义。身体虐待、心理虐待、性虐待和忽视是我.
2021-04-01
32页
5星级
每年年末，China Skinny会发布一份我们相信会在未来一年内对中国市场产生重大影响的趋势预测。鉴于中国市场的活力度与独特性，预测中国市场趋势的任务往往极具挑战性却又令人受益匪浅。人们常说，在其他.
2021-04-01
15页
5星级
风险是概率和影响的函数。ACAPS将风险定义为一个或多个危害发生的概率，以及危害的估计影响。当危险发生的概率或预期影响的严重性增加，或两者同时增加时，危险造成的风险水平(低、中或高)会上升。总的来说，.
2021-04-01
27页
5星级
我们之所以能撑过2020年，很大程度上是因为我们认识到，尽管在我们的一生中从未经历过如此大的灾难，但历史上充满了类似破坏的例子。一个由互联网连接起来的世界，第一次让我们可以实时地，大规模地分享我们的经历。尽管我们无法阻止历史被创造，但每个人都可以通过电子邮件、数字白板、博客帖子、推特、Instagram故事等等，帮助构建一个有凝聚力的故事，描述正在发生的事情。我们不需要等几十年的历史学家才把它们拼接起来。我们发现，虽然我们大部分时间都是独自经历疫情，但我们有共同的经历。我们都是在自己的公司里独立工作，自我反省和心理转变主要发生在内部，下班后，以及共享社区之外。由于今年与以往有很大的不同，我们决定利用这个机会为未来的一年创造一个背景框架，特别是为产品设计团队和合作者。第一步是检查我们的社区，并衡量这些表面上的个人转变如何比我们认为的更普遍。
2021-03-31
36页
5星级
尽管有很多关于基于账户的营销(ABM)的最佳实践主张，但围绕它的成功有很多确定性。Demand Gen Report的2020年ABM基准调查发现，利用ABM策略的营销人员在使用或改造他们的ABM策略.
2021-03-31
19页
5星级
为了了解COVID-19对ESSN申请人(包括符合条件的和不符合条件的)生活的总体影响，本报告探讨了在大流行影响下人们的就业、收入和生计的变化趋势，以及他们的社会关系和应对策略。该分析基于2020年7月远程进行的14个焦点小组讨论(FGDs)，有82名参与者(41名男性和41名女性)，来自六个省，即伊斯坦布尔、萨姆森、安卡拉、伊兹密尔、加齐安泰普和哈塔伊。土耳其红新月会(TRC)收集数据的方式尽量减少了人与人之间的接触，实地小组将手机或平板电脑等移动设备送到参与者家中，让他们参加讨论。数据分析由TRC和红十字与红新月联会联合进行，并与2020年4月开展的COVID-19快速评估调查进行三角分析。因此，下文所述的主要调查结果是对这一快速评估的定量调查结果的补充，本报告的主要部分也对这些调查结果进行了总结，以便更全面地了解土耳其境内弱势难民与这一流行病有关的经历。
2021-03-31
13页
5星级
Milliman制定了退休收入保障评估(RISE)分数为机构、财务规划师及其客户提供一个无处不在、易于理解的退休收入保障措施。RISE是模仿信用评分的概念设计的，它让任何申请贷款或信用卡的消费者都能立.
2021-03-31
11页
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COUNCIL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Report on Public Engagement on Long-term Decarbonisation Strategy November 2020 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 2-3 1. Introduction & Background 4-6 2. Report on Public Engagement Process 7-10 3. Recommendations 11-30 A. Target B. Lifestyles C. Education, Training and Research D. Built Environment E. Energy F. Transport G. City Planning and Management H. Finance 4. Closing Remarks 31 Annex I Membership List of the Support Group on Long-term Decarbonisation Strategy Annex II List of Public Interaction Activities Annex III List of Supporting Organisations Annex IV List of Roving Exhibitions Annex V List of Abbreviations 2 Executive Summary Under the Paris Agreement, all signatories should strive to formulate and communicate long-term low greenhouse gas (GHG) emission development strategies with a view to limiting the increase in global average temperature to well below 2C above pre-industrial levels, while pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5C. On 22 September 2020, President Xi Jinping noted that the Paris Agreement on climate change charts the course for the world to transition to green and low-carbon development and announced that China aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. As a leading international city of China and a responsible member of the global community, Hong Kong should also seek to draw up our own mid-century long-term low GHG emission strategy in good time. Invited by the Government, the Council for Sustainable Development (SDC) has launched a territory-wide public engagement (PE) exercise adopting a bottom-up and stakeholder-oriented approach. The PE aims to enhance public awareness of the impact of carbon emissions, and gauge the views of the community in developing feasible long-term strategies for carbon reduction. The PE is conducted in two stages: Stage 1 - Setting Directions for Public Discussion on Climate Mitigation Actions; and Stage 2 - Building Awareness of Climate Change Impacts and Nurturing Consensus for the Transition Towards a Low-carbon Society. In Stage 1, a Support Group (SG) comprising experts from various background was formed in May 2018 to provide advice to the SDC on setting a definitive scope of the PE. Towards this end, the SG organised six Focus Group Meetings (FGMs) from July to August 2018 to exchange views with more than 100 stakeholders from professional organisations, academics, green groups, youth organisations, business-related organisations, transport operators, property management companies and relevant government advisory bodies and committees etc. Stakeholders were invited to give their initial views on the key issues concerning climate change mitigation in Hong Kong, suggestions on the overall direction of the PE and ways to encourage public participation. Opinions raised at the FGMs, together with the SGs advice as well as the findings from background research, formed a solid basis and useful references for the SDC in preparing the PE Document, which sets out four key areas for wider public discussion 1. Setting Carbon Reduction Target for 2050 2. Transition Towards a Low-carbon Society 3. Reducing Energy Use and Further Decarbonising Electricity Generation 4. Low-carbon Transport in a Smart City The Policy for Sustainability Lab of the Centre for Civil Society and Governance at The University of Hong Kong was commissioned as the Programme Director for this PE process to assist the SDC to develop and introduce the PE Document to the wider community and stakeholders through a variety of public interaction activities. During the public interaction phase (14 June 20 September 2019), a total of 65 engagement eventsbriefing sessions, regional forums, consultation meetings, school outreach activities, etc. were held. In addition, 132 Supporting Organisations (SOs) were enlisted by the SDC to provide assistance in disseminating information about the PE through their networks. To further publicise the PE and encourage 3 wider public participation at all ages and backgrounds, the SDC also made use of Announcements in the Public Interest on television and radio, promotional posters and pamphlets, dedicated website, and roving exhibitions, etc. During the PE process, the SDC has collected more than 71,000 Views Collection Forms (VCFs), over 600 written submissions from organisations/companies/individuals, and various feedbacks expressed at the engagement events and on different media platforms. The Social Sciences Research Centre of The University of Hong Kong was commissioned by the SDC as the Independent Analysis and Reporting Agency (IRA) to collect, compile, analyse and report views of various stakeholder groups, including those of the general public, expressed during the PE. Having considered the views collected and analysis conducted by the IRA, the SDC has set out a long-term vision and six overarching objectives for guiding the development of the long-term decarbonisation strategy for Hong Kong. A total of 55 recommendations covering eight key areas are presented in Chapter 3. 4 1 Introduction and Background 1.1 Climate change is an imminent global challenge that has no border. Floods, heatwaves, storms and other extreme weather phenomena are increasing in frequency and intensity. For instance, Hong Kong has just been through the warmest year on record; there was only one day in 2019 with a temperature below 12C recorded by the Hong Kong Observatory. Not long ago, Super Typhoons Hato and Mangkhut have smashed through the city in 2017 and 2018 respectively causing widespread disruptions. Climate scientists have warned that we have some 10 years left to thwart climate change before the damages become irreversible. Mitigating climate change is not just for ourselves, but also our responsibility to safeguard the well-being of present and future generations. 1.2 The climate change crisis can only be effectively dealt with if the Government, private sector and civil society join hands for swift and decisive actions. The adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015 was a remarkable step forward for international cooperation in managing climate change issues. On 22 September 2020, President Xi Jinping noted that the Paris Agreement on climate change charts the course for the world to transition to green and low-carbon development and announced that China aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. As this historic climate agreement is applicable to Hong Kong, we are expected to draw up our own mid-century long-term decarbonisation strategy, with a view to holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels. 1.3 In 2018, the Council for Sustainable Development (SDC) accepted the Governments invitation to launch a territory-wide public engagement (PE) on “Long-term Decarbonisation Strategy”. The SDC has adopted a bottom-up and stakeholder oriented approach to identify the potential action areas and key issues for further public discussion and deliberation. In line with its previous PE exercises, the SDC has formed a Support Group (SG) comprising representatives from relevant sectors and government representatives to provide advice to the SDC on the planning and implementation of the PE. A full list of SG members can be found in Annex I. The SG held two meetings in June 2018 and May 2019 respectively to deliberate how to implement the PE. 1.4 Six Focus Group Meetings (FGMs) with key stakeholders were held during July and August 2018. More than 100 participants from about 90 organisations attended the FGMs to give their initial views on the overall direction of the PE and suggestions on possible areas for public discussion. Participants came from different sectors, including professional organisations, academics, green groups, youth organisations, business organisations, transport operators, property management companies, representatives from relevant government advisory bodies and committees, etc. Views and suggestions raised at the FGMs, together with the SGs advice as well as the findings from background research, formed the basis and useful references for the SDC in preparing the PE Document. To enhance SDC and SG Members understanding of different aspects of decarbonisation, a technical seminar on decarbonisation opportunities was organised in November 2018 with speakers from relevant sectors and the Government. 5 Focus Group Meeting 1.5 The PE Document identifies and sets out the following key areas to facilitate in-depth and structured discussion by the general public and stakeholders (i) Setting Carbon Reduction Target for 2050 Towards basic level of carbon emissions reduction Pursuing efforts to achieve more audacious carbon reduction targets PE Document and Pamphlet 6 (ii) Transition Towards a Low-carbon Society Are you aware of the relationship between your daily activities and carbon emissions? How can we facilitate you to have a better grasp of the related information? What can help you switch to a low-carbon lifestyle? How can goods and services providers facilitate your behavioural change? What are the obstacles for you to switch to a low-carbon lifestyle? What kinds of education and publicity activities should be put forward in promoting low-carbon lifestyle? (iii) Reducing Energy Use and Further Decarbonising Electricity Generation Building is one of the main sources of carbon emissions in Hong Kong. What can we do further to promote energy saving and reduce building-related carbon emissions? What measures may be considered to encourage or regulate building owners and tenants to raise energy efficiency of the whole buildings (i.e. including non-communal units/areas)? What measures may be considered to encourage building owners to develop more on-site renewable energy installations? What passive energy-saving design elements (e.g. natural ventilation) may be considered to enhance building energy efficiency in the long run? What incentives should be provided to further encourage developers and owners to adopt passive energy-saving design elements? Fossil or non-fossil fuels, what will you choose? For the benefits of both the current and future generations, what are your considerations in deciding the future fuel mix for Hong Kong? What can we do to further enhance the development of renewable energy locally? Further enhancement of regional cooperation for increasing the proportion of zero carbon energy in our fuel mix is an inevitable step towards achieving higher carbon reduction targets in 2030 and 2050. What are your views on this in the face of the threat of climate change? How would you rank the importance of different considerations (including reliability, security and availability, affordability, and environmental performance and response to climate change, etc.) when considering the long-term strategy to decarbonise the electricity generating sector towards 2050 for Hong Kong? (iv) Low-carbon Transport in a Smart City How to promote wider use of green and innovative transport technologies? What other measures would you suggest to further reduce our transport-related carbon emissions? For example, would you walk for short-distance commuting instead of travelling by vehicle and replace face-to-face meetings with video conferencing? 1.6 Through the PE process, the SDC aimed to deepen public understanding of the negative impact of human-induced carbon emissions, and gauge the community views in formulating our long-term decarbonisation strategy, so as to develop feasible climate actions and facilitate Hong Kongs transition towards a low carbon society. 7 2 Report on Public Engagement Process 2.1 The PE on “Long-term Decarbonisation Strategy” is the eighth round of PE process undertaken by the SDC. Following discussion at the SG and the SDC , a press conference was held on 14 June 2019 to formally release the PE Document and mark the launch of the public interaction phase, which lasted for around three months until 20 September 2019. The Policy for Sustainability Lab of the Centre for Civil Society and Governance at The University of Hong Kong was commissioned as the Programme Director for the design and implementation of this PE process. Press briefing hosted by SDC Chairman (centre), SG Convenor (left) and Programme Director (right) 2.2 During the public interaction phase, a total of 65 engagement events including regional forums, youth forum, school outreach and a series of briefing sessions were held with key stakeholders, comprising advisory and statutory bodies, relevant business and trade associations, professional institutes, etc. A full list of engagement events held during the public interaction phase is appended in Annex II. Nearly 4,500 members of the public and stakeholders participated in these engagement events. These events provided an important platform for gauging public and stakeholders views on the issues set out in the PE Document. Some of the members of the SDC and SG attended the public interaction activities and listened to the views of the public and stakeholders. 2.3 The aim of this PE is to arouse public awareness of the impact of carbon emissions, and gauge the views of the public and stakeholder on Hong Kongs long-term decarbonisation strategy. Some of the results will only be achieved in decades from now. Therefore, it is vital 8 to gauge views from youngsters who are the future pillars of society. Visits to a total of 14 secondary schools were conducted, combined with interactive drama performances, PowerPoint presentations, and Q&A sessions on decarbonisation. The success of these school visits was proven by students rapturous response as they offered lively and educational engagement events for the youth. This successfully aroused students interest in low-carbon living style and provided them with an in-depth understanding of decarbonisation, so that they would be in a position to offer well-informed views on the subject. Regional Forum Briefing Session 9 School Activity 2.4 In order to reach out to the wider community, the SDC invited organisations from a range of sectors to be Supporting Organisations (SOs) for this PE. The 132 SOs covered organisations from the education sector, relevant businesses and trade, public bodies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), green groups and professional organisations (the full list of SOs is at Annex III). They helped disseminate information about the PE through email, websites, social media platforms (e.g. Facebook); promoted the PE in their activities and programmes; and encouraged their members and stakeholders to provide views on the issues set out in the PE Document. 2.5 The SDC also launched a dedicated website (https:/www.susdev.org.hk/en/index.php) to provide updated information on the PE activities, as well as facilitate convenient access to the PE Document and expression of views through the online Views Collection Forms (VCFs). Dedicated Website 10 2.6 Furthermore, the SDC carried out a number of promotional events and released different kinds of publicity materials to help disseminate the message of the engagement, and to further raise public awareness of the PE exercise. 2.7 Promotional posters were also displayed at different locations, including schools, higher education institutions, public housing estates, government premises, hospitals and designated venues through the network of SOs, etc. The SDC also promoted the PE through an Announcement in the Public Interest broadcast on television and radio, and through online platforms. In addition to traditional promotion channels, the SDC made use of social media (e.g. Big Wasters Facebook) to promote the PE. Roving exhibitions at 30 locations across Hong Kong were conducted to enhance community outreach and facilitate information dissemination (details of the roving exhibitions are at Annex IV). 2.8 Moreover, a street interview series comprising in-person interviews of the public by a Key Opinion Leader and video clips including the interviewees pledge to support decarbonisation on online platforms were conducted, and advertisements in newspapers and at online and mobile platforms were placed to enhance peoples awareness of the PE and participation in the engagement events. 2.9 During the public interaction phase, different types of feedback were received via various channels. There were 53 articles from newspapers, 137 online articles from websites, 176 topics on social media, and over 20 discussion forums/blogs. 2.10 Through the above-mentioned means and other channels, the SDC collected over 71,000 VCFs and over 600 written submissions from individuals and companies/organisations in addition to views and comments expressed at the public interaction activities. 2.11 The Social Sciences Research Centre of The University of Hong Kong was commissioned by the SDC as the Independent Analysis and Reporting Agency (IRA) for this PE exercise. The role of the IRA was to independently collect, compile, analyse and report public views collected during the public interaction stage, including comments and suggestions received in the engagement events, VCFs, written submissions, as well as through other relevant channels (e.g. social media). Upon completion of the PE, the IRA submitted an Independent Analysis Report to the SDC. Their report is available at the SDCs website: https:/www.susdev.org.hk/en/report.php. 2.12 SG held two meetings and prepared a draft report with the assistance of the Programme Director. Taking into account the views collected and the deliberations of its Strategy Sub-Committee members, the SDC has prepared this report with a list of recommendations for consideration by the Government. 11 3 Recommendations The Context 3.1 The SDC undertook a PE on “Long-term Decarbonisation Strategy”. The PE is a bottom-up and interactive process as multiple stakeholders and members of the public have provided their views through various engagement channels, e.g. FGMs, briefing sessions, public consultation platforms, regional fora, VCFs, written submissions etc. All feedbacks collected during the PE have been recorded and analysed by the Social Sciences Research Centre of The University of Hong Kong. They have provided a solid basis for SDC to formulate the recommendation report, which set out main directions for Hong Kongs long-term decarbonisation strategy. 3.2 The Paris Agreement, signed in 2015, requires signatory countries to collectively limit global warming to 2C by 2100, and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels. However, the latest alarming data1 has shown that the world is on course heading towards a 3C - 4C rise, with potentially more destructive consequences including sea-level rise and fiercer storms for many places. Growing evidence suggests that global carbon emissions have to be close to net zero if we hope to keep risks associated with climate change at bay. 3.3 As an advanced economy with well-developed infrastructure, talents and financial resources, Hong Kong should set out a progressive long-term vision for advancing to net zero carbon emissions by 2050. This is undoubtedly an ambitious goal, but it appears to be a responsible and appropriate option for avoiding climate catastrophe and threats to the long-term human survival. In this regard, Hong Kong should proactively embark on a cleaner energy and low-carbon development path based on collaborative efforts across the Government, business, non-profit sector and individuals. 3.4 To drastically reduce our carbon footprint, it requires extensive and concerted efforts across all segments of the community and economy. Given the fact that electricity generation makes up the largest single source of carbon emissions (67%) in Hong Kong, the path to attaining deep decarbonisation necessitates a transformative change in how energy is provided. To progressively decarbonise the electricity generation sector, our energy mix has to increasingly come from cleaner and zero carbon fuel sources, while ensuring the provision is reliable, safe affordable, and environmental-friendly. 3.5 Constrained by the existing technology and limited natural resources, Hong Kong does not have favourable conditions for large-scale commercialised renewable energy (RE) generation, in order to produce sufficient zero carbon energy locally for meeting our energy demand. Despite these constraints, technological advancement in recent years have given us great aspirations for further decarbonising our electricity generation sector through accelerating the shift to zero carbon energy. For instance, when this PE was initiated in 2018, the transmission 1 UNEP. Emission Gap Report 2019. https:/news.un.org/en/story/2019/11/1052171 12 of clean energy over very long distances was still an idea out of reach. Rapid world-wide developments in the last two years have opened up new opportunities of using green hydrogen2 as energy carriers which might turn clean energy more accessible, and its usage more affordable. In this light, it is an opportune time for Hong Kong to explore the feasibility of sourcing different types of zero-carbon energy globally, with special attention to the developments and opportunities in nearby regions. Moreover, it is of vital importance to enhance our global sourcing capacity through innovative investment models, closer partnerships, and collaborative research; and to step up our efforts to get our infrastructure ready for both existing and emerging technologies which can deliver viable, safe and low-carbon energy options. 3.6 On an equally important note, promoting a sustainable built environment, gradually phasing out fossil fuel powered vehicles, and turning waste to energy are also global trends in mitigating climate change impacts. Some key strategies include, but are not limited to, encouraging the uptake of energy-saving building design, more widespread implementation of retrofitting and retro-commissioning, raising energy efficiency standards of buildings and electrical appliances, and accelerating the adoption of new energy vehicles (e.g. electric vehicles (EVs) and fuel-cell vehicles). 3.7 All the aforementioned areas are most crucial in driving low-carbon development in Hong Kong, but they remain insufficient to tackle climate change. Only if every one of us adopts a low-carbon lifestyle, with the Government and the business sector giving more assertive effort in promoting low-carbon goods and services to facilitate the transition to, and growth of, a low-carbon economy, can we strive towards a net zero target. It is encouraging to see most respondents from the PE showing their willingness and readiness to facilitate climate innovation and practise low-carbon lifestyle, such as taking up measures related to clothing, waste reduction and dietary patterns. In order to further promote a healthy, sustainable lifestyle, and make it possible for a wider cross-sector of society to engage in responsible consumption, there has to be an integrated awareness-raising, information dissemination and social marketing strategy to drive mind-set and behavioural changes. Vision and Objectives 3.8 Having considered the above factors, the SDC believes that Hong Kong should formulate its decarbonisation strategy based on a long-term vision constitutive of six overarching objectives. 2 The two most common methods for producing hydrogen are steam reforming and water-electrolysis. Green hydrogen refers to hydrogen generated from RE resources through electrolysis. 13 Long-term Vision To progressively advance to net zero carbon emissions by 2050, as part of the global effort to limit global average temperature increase to well below 1.5C above pre-industrial levels. Overarching Objectives 1. Driving transformative societal change towards low-carbon lifestyles Strengthening education, publicity and training to disseminate climate change knowledge. Promoting waste reduction and recycling, and the adoption of low-carbon diets. Driving demand for low-carbon products and services. Promoting both public and private sectors to adopt low-carbon procurement practices. 2. Accelerating the shift to zero carbon energy Investing in climate-friendly power generation: - Promotion of research & development (R&D) and adoption of RE technologies (generation and storage). - Ramping up local RE production and storage to the greatest extent practicable. Sourcing zero-carbon energy globally: - Enhancing global sourcing capacity through investment, cooperation, importation, etc., with special attention to developments and opportunities (e.g. green hydrogen) in nearby regions. - A blend of both RE and nuclear energy as a viable option, at least in the short to medium term, to help stabilise or reduce carbon emissions. Securing interim low-carbon energy option (e.g. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) while exploring long-term zero-carbon solutions. Having due regard to the four objectives of Hong Kongs energy policy, namely, safety, reliability, affordability and environmental (including climate change) considerations. 3. Promoting a sustainable built environment Devising an effective mix of economic incentives and penalties that would encourage a sustainable built environment, and intensify energy saving efforts in buildings. Raising energy efficiency standards and low-carbon emission requirements to reduce energy wastage and building-related emissions as far as practicable. 4. Governing transitions toward low-carbon transport systems Advocating low-carbon urban design and planning. Continuing to develop a passenger transportation system centred on public transport. Investing in non-motorised transport infrastructure (e.g. walking and cycling paths). Accelerating the replacement of conventional fuel-driven vehicles with low-carbon vehicles. 5. Unlocking green and sustainable finance potential for low-carbon transition Developing green and sustainable finance market in Hong Kong to facilitate low-carbon transition. 6. Steering innovations in climate change mitigation, adaptation and resilience Supporting R&D in climate change mitigation, and advancing low-carbon technologies for enhancing climate adaptation and climate resilience. Encouraging investments in new carbon abatement and removal technologies and initiatives for reducing carbon emissions that cannot be entirely eliminated by other means. 14 Recommendations 3.9 Against the above-mentioned vision and objectives, the SDC has put forth 55 recommendations across eight key areas: A. Target B. Lifestyles C. Education, Training and Research D. Built Environment E. Energy F. Transport G. City Planning and Management H. Finance The recommendations are a series of short-term (1-5 years), medium-term (5-10 years) and long-term (10 years) initiatives, ranging from systemic and financial support, to education and awareness raising, and to the technology and infrastructure development required for further action. A. Target 3.10 Target setting is an important step on the decarbonisation journey, which enables the Government, business, non-profit sectors and other action parties to contribute their part within a specified timeline. As climate change impact becomes more visible and extreme, the call for bold action to drastically reduce carbon emissions has grown louder than ever. It is also increasingly accepted that by setting clear targets, and having a transparent system for progress tracking, cities could align their carbon reduction goals consistent with the emissions reductions required to limit global warming to below 2C, and preferably 1.5C. 3.11 As of 2019, nearly 80 countries and more than 100 cities across the world have committed to achieving net zero carbon emissions by 20503. Like many advanced economies, Hong Kong should join the global climate effort to foster an accelerated transition towards a low-carbon economy, leveraging on its wealth of talents, efficient infrastructure and robust financial system. Indeed, having gauged the views gathered in the PE, it is worthy of note that most respondents supported carbon reduction, and that some went further to suggest specific reduction targets such as net zero emissions by 2050. A few additional comments suggested that the Government should set faster targets, while some showed support for reducing 3 IISD. 77 Countries, 100 Cities Commit to Net Zero Carbon Emissions by 2050 at Climate Summit. https:/sdg.iisd.org/news/77-countries-100-cities-commit-to-net-zero-carbon-emissions-by-2050-at-climate-summit/ 15 consumption-based carbon emissions4, and some focused on the carbon reduction efforts by different industries or sectors. 3.12 In view of the above trends and observations, the SDC recommends the following as the basis to chart and monitor the pathways to decarbonisation in Hong Kong: Short-term (1-5 years) A1) To chart a roadmap with critical milestones supported by action plans to progressively advance to net zero carbon emissions by 2050 in order to limit the global average temperature increase to 1.5C. Regular reviews should be carried out to keep track of the progress against the target. A2) To assess the carbon reduction potential and performance of key climate mitigation measures of different sectors, and make relevant information publicly available. A3) To set specific and science-based carbon reduction targets for key sectors (e.g. energy, buildings, transport and waste), in order to provide a roadmap for decarbonisation for the whole society and facilitate the commercial sector in particular in making investment decisions. A4) To scale up cross-departmental coordination and stakeholder collaboration for climate-related actions in relevant policy areas. With the engagement of talents across a broad spectrum of professions, such as climate science and green finance, as well as stakeholders from the industry, business, and non-profit sector, their knowledge and expertise would advise the Government on necessary actions needed to adjust the decarbonisation strategy along the way to keep the city on track. 3.13 Drawing a low-carbon city roadmap and setting specific sectoral targets are crucial for building momentum on long-term carbon emissions reduction. Yet, due consideration should be given to a host of factors in determining the decarbonisation trajectory, such as how new technologies could be used to facilitate further emissions reduction, the degree of community-buy-in, and readiness of the society to implement the low-carbon measuresincluding transformative changes in lifestyles and business operations, building energy efficiency upgrades, using zero carbon energy as the major fuel sources for electricity generation, and 4 All GHG emissions, within and outside Hong Kong, associated with the production, transportation, use and disposal of products and services consumed by a particular community or entity in a given time period (typically a year). 16 advancing sustainable low-carbon transport. In light of the above, it is essential to put in place mechanisms and oversight bodies to measure and keep track of Hong Kongs carbon emissions reduction. In this regard, the SDC recommends the Government and relevant action parties from the business and NGO sectors: Long-term (10 years) A5) To monitor carbon emissions reduction progress against sectoral targets and respond to evolving development in technology and the modality of global economy. B. Lifestyles 3.14 Tackling climate change requires deep cuts in carbon emissions. It necessitates the need for radical changes in our lifestyles and consumption practices. In view of the scale of transformation required to achieve the net zero target, some argued that personal behaviour changes alone are not enough to lead the critical shift toward a low-carbon future. Yet, individual action is still urgently needed because it leads to collective action, which helps build the momentum for systemic change. 3.15 Individual behavioural changes, such as using less air-conditioning, travelling car-free, adopting a low-carbon diet and minimising purchases of unnecessary new products, especially resource-intensive and heavily packaged products, are not only righteous but essential. Collectively, they would reduce our total carbon footprint. To make it possible for a wide cross- sector of society to engage in low-carbon living, an integrated strategy of awareness-raising and knowledge sharing on climate change and its effects, as well as providing consumers with adequate information about the embedded carbon footprint of goods and services, are key to driving behavioural change and facilitating customers to make low-carbon choices. With respect to the above, the SDC makes the following recommendations: Short-term (1-5 years) B1) To actively promote low-carbon lifestyles to the general public, with a view to instigating behavioural changes. Possible approaches include: (i) developing community outreach initiatives for knowledge transfer on the impacts of climate change, and showcasing new energy-saving solutions etc.; (ii) establishing a learning platform for measuring and benchmarking the carbon reduction performance at individual citizen level; (iii) developing learning programmes that suit different age groups and sectors; (iv) promoting knowledge of carbon labels where available; (v) encouraging NGOs to collaborate in using their networks to induce behavioural change in the community for adopting a low-carbon lifestyle. B2) To facilitate better understanding on the embedded carbon footprint of various types of consumer products and services, and provide financial incentives or 17 support to facilitate informed consumer choices (e.g. consumption of local and regional products). 3.16 Driving stronger collective action on climate change requires the Government to lead by example. Since public procurement is a powerful force that can influence market trends and provision for low-carbon products, services and infrastructures, it has been generally accepted that the Government, being the single largest purchaser in Hong Kong, should take the lead to set out low-carbon criteria in government tenders and service contracts with a view to encouraging low-carbon innovations and practices. From this perspective, the SDC therefore recommends the Government: B3) To incorporate green procurement concepts, such as low-carbon requirements and life-cycle assessment, as part of government procurement process. 3.17 Advocating low-carbon lifestyle means rethinking every aspect of our current ways of living. Not only does it involve what we purchase (e.g. food) and how we consume energy, it also relates to our choices and actions on the use of water and waste management, as well as the way we travel and interact with others. The SDC therefore recommends the following to further reduce our carbon footprint: B4) To promote zero-waste design for minimising waste at source, enhance waste-related infrastructure, and encourage materials reuse and recycling. B5) To step up promotion of water conservation in Hong Kong that has the potential to reduce water-related energy consumption and carbon emissions. B6) To leverage digital technologies (e.g. on-line education/training, video conferencing, digitalised public services, etc.) and further develop local tourism so that the carbon emissions associated with travel can be reduced. 3.18 Hong Kong economy is externally oriented and highly dependent on trade. We rely heavily on imports, with over 90% of food and beverages sourced from other places. Learning about the carbon emissions associated with our consumption, including food, water as well as other products such as clothing, electronic goods, etc. provides new insights into the challenges and opportunities for driving the shift towards a low-carbon society. This issue has been raised in several engagement sessions, such as briefing sessions and regional fora, where some green groups and think tanks have suggested that Hong Kong may take a consumption-based accounting approach to audit the carbon embodied in international trade. Taking into consideration of the above contexts and views, the SDC therefore sets forth the following recommendations: Medium-term (5-10 years) B7) To consider adopting a consumption-based accounting approach to measuring carbon emissions embodied in both local and imported goods and services. 18 B8) To encourage and facilitate the business sector in developing and delivering a wide range of low-carbon goods and services to the public. 3.19 Achieving the Paris Agreement goals requires a rapid and deep decarbonisation of the economy. With the climate crisis upon us, all actions add up. While personal behavioural change is important, it is noteworthy that the Government, business and non-profit sector also play a prominent role to facilitate lifestyle transformation by providing necessary infrastructure, driving the market demand for green technologies and low-carbon products and services, and raising public awareness that enable each and every one of us to live more sustainably. Last but not least, a successful transition to a low-carbon economyan economy based on low energy consumption, low GHG emissions and low pollutionwill require consistent policy support, cross-sectoral collaborations and significant technology and capital input. In this regard, the SDC opines that the Government should take the lead: Long-term (10years) B9) To actively promote, guide and facilitate the growth of low-carbon economy in Hong Kong. C. Education, Training and Research 3.20 Education and training are essential elements of the global response to climate change, which are widely recognised by the public and stakeholders across sectors. While communicating climate data and projections to the public is important, raising awareness and educating young people about climate change impacts is particularly vital if our future generations are to continue the fight against climate change. On the other hand, skilled workforce is a valuable asset in the transition towards a low-carbon economy and climate-resilient society. To leave no one behind, it underlines the need for greater investment in gearing up professional and vocational education and training across occupations and industries. In light of this, the SDC therefore makes the following recommendations: Short-term (1-5 years) C1) To invite tertiary institutions/professional organisations to provide specialised training, particularly for policy-makers and civil servants in the public sector and decision-makers in the wider society, on the urgency of decarbonisation; and offer vocational training and certification programmes which teach technical and managerial skills to meet the needs arising from low-carbon transformation. C2) To enrich the learning elements and teaching methods related to sustainable development and climate change (e.g. international climate change related agreements) in school curricula and life-wide learning. It is important for schools to promote positive values, such as caring and responsibility, from young, gradually foster students understanding of sustainable development and climate change, and encourage creativity and youth participation in search for innovative solutions to climate change. 19 Long-term (10years) C3) To continue investing in education, training and research to nurture talent pool and workforce to catch up with the evolving requirements of the low-carbon economy. D. Built Environment 3.21 The building sector, which is responsible for nearly 40% of global carbon emissions5, presents a key opportunity to make an impactful reduction in global GHG emissions as part of the concerted efforts to address climate crisis. Globally, buildings contribute to carbon emissions in two ways: the carbon embodied in the building materials and construction process throughout the whole life cycle of a building, and the carbon emissions associated with the energy used to operate a building. Being a service economy without major energy-intensive industries, the operating energy of Hong Kongs built environment is by far the largest source of carbon emissions, accounting for over 60% of the total carbon emissions in Hong Kong. In terms of actual energy use, around 90% of electricity and close to 70% of gas (including Liquefied Petroleum Gas)6 are consumed in buildings. 3.22 Since most building-related carbon emissions come from operational energy use, enhancing energy efficiency consumed in buildings can achieve major carbon emissions reduction. One of the most effective means to address these emissions is reducing consumption through demand side management, which comprises the adoption of energy efficiency design and promotion of energy conservation practices in both new and existing buildings. 3.23 During the PE process, different stakeholders such as professional bodies, think tanks and business-related organisations have commented or provided suggestions on the government policies and measures for (i) encouraging and incentivising low-carbon building designs; ii) reducing energy consumption in buildings through low-carbon lifestyle choices; (iii) enhancing energy data disclosure and benchmarking; (iv) stepping up efforts to support energy efficiency improvement etc. The suggestions can be summarised as two broad approaches: (i) regulatory measures, which include enforcing higher standards for addressing every aspect of the design, construction and operation of buildings; (ii) economic instruments, which focus more on the provision of a mix portfolio of incentives to stimulate energy efficiency investments, and encouraging more energy efficiency enhancement measures and operations in existing buildings. Having considered the above, the SDC opines that the Government shall adopt both approaches where appropriate. Key recommendations are as follows: 5 IEA. (2019). Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction 2019. https:/www.iea.org/reports/global-status-report-for-buildings-and-construction-2019 6 Based on EMSD energy end-use statistics. 20 Short-term (1-5 years) Existing building stock D1) To scale up existing financial and technical support for energy efficiency improvement works and carbon reduction measures in existing buildings. Some possible approaches include: i) providing funding and technical support for schools and NGOs to obtain green building certification or achieve comparable standards, and carry out retrofitting and/or retro-commissioning works in their buildings/premises; ii) providing financial incentives to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) for encouraging the adoption and uptake of energy-saving and carbon reduction measures; and (iii) providing further incentives for retrofitting existing buildings with green features. New buildings/developments D2) To raise the requirement for obtaining the 10% Gross Floor Area (GFA) concessions for green and amenity features in new development projects, and put in place an assessment scheme with a compliance mechanism for monitoring the operational performance of the development projects. D3) To develop guidelines and/or requirements on incorporating low-carbon and passive design measures, such as better utilisation of natural ventilation into building design as well as the built environment in general, for enhancing comfort level and decreasing air-conditioning loading in buildings, and to support R&D on energy efficiency technologies and standards suitable for introducing to new buildings. 3.24 The existing built environment poses great challenges for reducing building related carbon footprint in Hong Kong. While more may need to be done in terms of retrofitting and retro-commissioning, international experience suggested that tightening of energy efficiency codes and regulations in accordance to the technological development, and improving data transparency with energy benchmarking and rating systems could encourage more sustainable building design and practices. The adoption of green and energy efficiency features, such as (i) low-carbon building materials and construction techniques; (ii) natural ventilation and passive energy saving design elements; (iii) enhanced thermal performance of building envelope, including walls and glazing for new buildings and building renovations; (iv) buildings integrated RE installations; and (v) building energy management systems would help reduce carbon emissions in new buildings and optimise the operating energy efficiency of the existing building stock. In the light of the above, the SDC therefore makes the following recommendations: 21 Medium-term (5-10 years) D4) To continue to raise existing standards relating to energy consumption, e.g. Building Energy Code, Buildings Energy Efficiency Ordinance, Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) and Residential Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV). D5) To further promote lean construction practices and adoption of new construction technologies among this industry, and develop a labelling scheme with suitable benchmarking standard to encourage wider use of low embodied carbon building materials for further carbon reduction in the built environment. D6) To promote energy and carbon audits, and the benchmarking of energy performance data. Possible approaches may include: (i) encouraging building owners to conduct energy audits, disclose their energy performance data for benchmarking, with a view to developing a comprehensive reporting system for all existing buildings; (ii) encouraging commercial buildings to conduct carbon audits and disclose their carbon emissions; and (iii) developing an open database of energy consumption and/or carbon emissions of buildings, with a view to encouraging competition among building owners of estates/neighbourhood to decarbonise. D7) To enhance and align local green rating and/or certification system for buildings and neighbourhoods with international standards, and to develop a green rating and/or certification system for infrastructure and perhaps also the entire built environment (comprising buildings, infrastructure and open space). 3.25 To pave way for a climate-resilient built environment, the SDC recommends the following principles and measures to revolutionise the building and construction sector towards a net zero future: Long-term (10years) D8) To maximise in-situ RE generation in the built environment. D9) To consider ways to limit the energy consumption of buildings. Any cap or quota on the energy use or emissions, if to be introduced, will have to cater for the different features of different building types, and give due regard to practicability, technical feasibility and cost implications. E. Energy 3.26 To progressively decarbonise the energy sector, our energy has to increasingly come from zero carbon fuel sources, while at the same time, delivered to end-users in a safe, reliable, affordable, and also environmental-friendly manner. In deciding the long-term fuel mix for Hong Kong, there has been a clear support from the public and stakeholders that fossil fuelsparticularly coal use in electricity generationshould be phased out as soon as the opportunities 22 arise, and with a clear timetable. Understandably, natural gas will be needed as a transition or bridging fuel in the conversion to a fully decarbonised future. The coal-to-gas transition in the coming decade will be a key step in substantially reducing Hong Kongs carbon emissions. 3.27 In the quest for zero-carbon fuel sources, there was considerable discussion among the public and stakeholders, particularly think tanks and green groups, on the need to harvest and maximise the potential from local RE and waste-to-energy projects. There were also calls for enhancing R&D in RE technologies and leveraging emerging alternative fuels to decarbonise the energy sector. Of particular note, the rapid developments in green hydrogenused as a fuel or energy carrier and storagehas been taken place in other parts of the world such as Europe and Australia in the last two years. In light of the above, the SDC opines that efforts should be stepped up in the following areas. Short-term (1-5 years) E1) To support local academia, industries and startups conducting R&D (e.g. basic research, applied research and experimental development) on, and assess the potential of adopting transformational low-carbon energy solutions (e.g. green hydrogen). The R&D for new energy technologies could focus on various areas including, but not limited to, energy generation, transmission and storage. E2) To spur the public and private sectors to apply more ambitious strategies and technologies for further developing local RE (e.g. solar, wind, hydro, tidal, etc.) and waste-to-energy projects. Set out below are some possible directions: Expediting the installation of distributed RE generation in government and/or government-funded premises; Maximising the use of underutilized space for RE applications; Encouraging more widespread deployment of floating system of solar panels on water surfaces such as reservoirs and the sea, with due consideration to minimising the potential impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem; Accelerating the development of waste-to-energy infrastructure and technologies; Revisiting the potential of onshore and offshore wind farms, while giving due consideration to the impact of the projects on migratory birds and marine life; Encouraging exploration of different types of RE, such as tidal and wave energy at outlying islands, given limited land and natural resources in the urban areas. E3) To review local RE target based on the progress of Feed-in Tariff (FiT) Scheme and availability of new technologies. 3.28 Nevertheless, given current technologies and land-use constraints, the sole reliance on local RE may not be able to contribute meaningfully to meeting the energy demand of Hong Kong in the short to medium term. In view of the fact that currently around 25% of our energy comes from non-fossil fuels (including RE and imported nuclear energy), energy import plays a 23 part in achieving our decarbonisation target at this juncture, but energy security and safety would be the key considerations. To ensure a safe and reliable electricity supply for the public and businesses in Hong Kong, the SDC recommends that the Government, in collaboration with the two power companies, shall consider the following approach: E4) To leverage on LNG as an interim energy option to help stabilise and reduce carbon emissions. 3.29 Of particular note, nuclear energy is often considered a transitional solution to climate change. It provides virtually no GHG emissions during generation, has been widely used for decades, and is arguably one of the most reliable, land-efficient energy choices for generating affordable electricity. As of August 2020, there were over 440 operable nuclear reactors in more than 30 countries, and a few hundred more reactors being planned or proposed7. This suggests considerable reliance in using nuclear energy, probably established through operating experience, improved technologies and international cooperation. Understandably, there are still safety and environmental concerns about nuclear power plants and disposal of nuclear waste. In this PE, the public and stakeholders that have been engaged held divergent views as to whether Hong Kong should continue to use nuclear energy, or even increase the import of non-fossil fuel energy (including both RE and nuclear). In this regard, the SDC makes the following recommendation: E5) To conduct and participate in further studies on the safe use of imported nuclear energy, and to keep abreast of technological developments that can enhance its efficiency and safety. 3.30 In the medium to longer term, it is of vital importance that the hardware and other support mechanisms are put in place to enhance our global sourcing capacity for accelerating the shift to zero carbon energy. Nevertheless, given that the planning, design, financing and construction of energy infrastructure requires a long lead time of at least 10 years, the SDC opines that the Government should set forth plans: Medium-term (5-10 years) E6) To step up cross-departmental coordination and formulate more proactive strategies (including different collaboration and financing arrangements) in sourcing zero carbon energy resources globally. E7) To further address the economic costs of low-carbon energy transitions, including possible impact on disadvantaged groups. 7 World Nuclear Association. (2020). Nuclear Power in the World Today https:/www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-power-in-the-world-today.aspx 24 Long-term (10 years) E8) To examine the market viability, technical feasibility and supply security of sourcing zero carbon energy globally. E9) To plan and build up the infrastructure to receive and utilise imported zero carbon energy. F. Transport 3.31 Transportation, which accounted for 18% of GHG emissions in 2018, is the second largest GHG emission sector8 in Hong Kong. To slow down climate change by reducing transport-related carbon emissions and improving air quality, the Government has all along been committed to encouraging the public to use public transport as far as possible, and should they need to buy or replace private cars, they are encouraged to choose electric private vehicles (e-PVs). With these objectives, the Government has endeavoured to promote and mainstream e-PVs through offering financial incentives such as tax concession and lower annual vehicle license fee. For new energy commercial vehicles, measures taken include waiving the first-time registration tax (FRT); putting in place a Pilot Green Transport Fund (PGTF) and pilot schemes to support the transport sector to try out green innovative transport technologies (e.g. electric taxis and minibuses, and cross-harbour ferries); and subsidising franchised bus companies to test out electric buses. 3.32 To further decarbonise the transport sector, it is advisable that Hong Kong should chart a way forward with clear targets and implementation plans in order to drive transformational changes in transport demand and supply. There have been suggestions from the public and stakeholders engaged in the PE, for enhanced efforts based on the avoid-shift-improve approach, including: reducing the frequency of unnecessary and short-distance journeys; switching private car trips to public transport (preferably rail-based), walking and cycling; increasing the availability and accelerating the shift to low-carbon and cleaner vehicles. In this light, the SDC recommends the following strategic directionsimproved departmental coordination, enhanced incentives, well-defined phase-out strategy, long-term infrastructure planning, and R&Dfor encouraging the shift to low-carbon transport system, as part of the concerted effort to tackle climate crisis. Setting out below is a broad outline of the short-, medium- and long-term recommendations: Short-term (1-5 years) F1) To maintain the role of railway as the backbone of public transport network and continue encouraging the public to use public transport. 8 International shipping and aviation are not directly included in the Paris Agreement. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) are responsible for reducing global emissions from their respective sectors. 25 F2) To formulate progressive targets and devise a holistic roadmap9 for increasing the uptake of EVs, including both private and commercial vehicles10, while taking into consideration the change in fuel mix for electricity generation in Hong Kong. The roadmap should include incentives for car owners to switch to EV, development of charging infrastructure11, management of EV battery recycling and disposal etc. F3) To enhance inter-departmental coordination in facilitating EV and green ferry development. F4) To further encourage the freight sector, especially commercial vehicles, and the shipping industry to test out green and low-carbon transport technology, and consider the merit and viability of applying other new energy technologies for vehicles and ferries in the local context, so as to reduce transport-related carbon emissions and improve air quality. 3.33 Transforming the transport industry to run on low-carbon energy is vital for a more sustainable society. While electrifying the transport system plays an integral part, some stakeholders (e.g. energy utility company and green groups) suggested that R&D for hydrogen/methanol fuel cell technologies and alternative fuels such as locally produced or sustainably sourced biofuel12 should be explored further to help decarbonise the transport sector. In this light, the SDC makes the following recommendation: 9 With reference to the European Union (EU), it has set a common target of 10% for the share of RE (including liquid biofuels, hydrogen, bio-methane, green electricity, etc.) in the transport sector by 2020. See Renewable energy Statistics. https:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/7177.pdf 10 EVs account for about 2% of Hong Kongs 620,000 private cars. As of July 2020, there were 15,323 EVs in the city, up from 1,160 in 2014. 11 Having considered the HK$2 billion pilot scheme introduced by the Government to subsidise installation of EV charging-enabling infrastructure in car parks of eligible existing private residential buildings. According to preliminary assessment, about 60,000 parking spaces in existing private residential buildings will be provided with EV charging-enabling infrastructure in about three years under the pilot scheme. Together with EV charging-enabled parking spaces in new private residential buildings granted with gross floor area concessions, it is expected that about one-fourth of all parking spaces in private residential buildings will be EV charging-enabled upon the completion of the pilot subsidy scheme. Source: HKSARG Press Release (2019). “ENB prepares pilot subsidy scheme for electric vehicle charging-enabling infrastructure in car parks of private residential buildings”. https:/www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201910/15/P2019101500409.htm 12 The Finnish parliament has passed a new legislation to increase the share of biofuels used in road traffic to 30% by 2029. Source: Finland sets new law to increase biofuel use in road traffic. https:/www.businessfinland.fi/en/whats-new/news/2019/finland-sets-new-law-to-increase-biofuel-use-in-road-traffic/ 26 Medium-term (5-10 years) F5) To accelerate the adoption and growth of new energy vehicles, including EVs and possibly hydrogen fuel-celled vehicles, as well as green ferries for reducing carbon emissions and air pollution. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasise that, currently, there are uncertainties as to whether hydrogen is a viable alternative fuel, with regards to the challenges surrounding technical feasibility, infrastructure compatibility and cost effectiveness. In addition, it is noteworthy that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are still at an early stage of development, which lack a mature standard for commercialisation in terms of production, transportation or refuelling. 3.34 To turn low-carbon transport goals into reality, it is crucial the vehicle fleet in Hong Kong gradually becomes fossil fuel-free. International experience shows that, phasing out diesel and petrol carsthrough sales ban or specifying an end-date for the registration of new internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicleshas been gathering pace across the world in an effort to reduce carbon emissions and pollution. For example, diesel and gas vehicles sales in Norway have been forecasted to end in 2025. The UK planned to ban the sale of gas vehicles by 2040. In Asia, Singapore intended to phase out petrol and diesel vehicles by 204013. Aligning with practices adopted in other developed economies, the SDC makes the following recommendations: Long-term (10 years) F6) To gradually phase out vehicles that use fossil fuel as its only source based on clear targets and timelines. However, its success hinges on whether there is sufficient technology, adequate infrastructure support and incentives for EVs and other alternative fuel vehicles such as hydrogen vehicles. It is also noteworthy that clarity on the target date of the complete ICE vehicle ban, with a reasonable lead time for the transition, is essential to enable adequate planning with regard to the future infrastructure needs. F7) To consider further restraining automobile ownership, and discouraging the use of private cars, while encouraging walking and cycling as well as maintaining an efficient and reliable public transport system. 3.35 International shipping and aviation are carbon intensive industries, which account for roughly 2-3% of all global carbon emissions respectively14. The responsibility for reducing the emissions of these two sectors is assigned to two UN agencies: the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). As a major port and a civil aviation hub, it is crucial that Hong Kongs decarbonisation plans should take into account emissions connected to these two 13 Singapore governments Budget Speech 2020. (February 18, 2020). https:/www.singaporebudget.gov.sg/budget_2020/budget-speech/d-sustaining-singapores-success-for-our-future-generations#s1 14 Air Transport Action Group. (2020). Facts and Figures. https:/www.atag.org/facts-figures.html 27 sectors and their related activities. In this regard, the SDC makes the following recommendations: F8) To evaluate the trend and support the shipping and aviation industries in the implementation of green technologies and transition to low-carbon/zero carbon fuels. Noting that IMO and ICAO are already taking the lead in addressing carbon emissions on the international front, Hong Kong should closely monitor the developments on those fronts and contribute to their efforts as appropriate, and in doing so give due consideration to the potential impact on the commercial viability and hence the competitiveness of the shipping companies, port operators and local airlines. Any new initiatives should be devised on the basis of adequate engagement with the industries and other relevant stakeholders. F9) To plan and build up the infrastructure required to supply low-carbon or zero-carbon fuel to international shipping and aviation industries, to preserve and strengthen the status of Hong Kong as a key international port and aviation hub. G. City Planning and Management 3.36 City planning, management and urban design have a critical role to play in the global and local response to climate change. In the transition towards a low-carbon city, the SDC opines that due consideration should be given to integrating decarbonisation and climate actions into all development strategies, planning guidelines and building energy efficiency/carbon emissions standards of the Government. In addition, periodic reviews should be carried out with a view to progressively enhancing relevant policies and standards based on Hong Kongs local conditions and progress. In summary, the key recommendations for short-, medium- and long-term are as follows: Short-term (1-5 years) G1) To continue to promote walkability and foster a bicycle-friendly environment, especially in new development areas and new towns, to reduce our reliance on mechanised transport. In this light, it is advisable that the Government should formulate walkability enhancement measures, and improve cycling facilities in new development areas and new towns, for enhancing the overall walking and cycling experiences in Hong Kong. G2) To develop a more coordinated and connected strategy to take forward greening and vegetation projects, establish an information database of the carbon reduction potentials of different species, and facilitate the restoration and protection of our natural carbon sinks, such as country and marine parks, and wetlands. G3) To mainstream smart, green and resilient considerations in the planning and development process, and incorporate climate-adaptive/resilient principles and 28 protocols into the planning of our city and the design of buildings and infrastructure. G4) To formulate an integrated, long-term low-carbon development strategy with an aim to minimising long-distance commuting and carbon emissions in New Development Areas and renewal projects of old urban areas. Medium-term (5-10 years) G5) To impose carbon emissions requirements with a focus on the operation phase of large infrastructure and developments. The Government should study the means and mechanism needed to achieve low carbon development for Hong Kong while balancing the socio-economic needs. Long-term (10 years) G6) To strengthen Hong Kongs position as a smart and low-carbon city in the long term. Some possible approaches include: Designating low carbon emission zones or zero carbon emission zones. Piloting electronic road pricing (ERP) schemes to alleviate localised traffic congestion and the associated roadside vehicle emissions as appropriate. H. Finance 3.37 Hong Kongs status as the worlds premier international financial centre is well recognised. During the PE process, there were discussions and specific feedback from green financers and professional organisations etc. about the role of economy and finance in low-carbon transition. Some were in general supportive for providing economic opportunities and financing mechanisms, while some raised specific recommendations, mainly on taxation measures. 3.38 It is noteworthy that over 40 governments worldwide (e.g. the European Union, Canada, Australia, China etc.) have adopted some sort of carbon pricing mechanisms, such as introducing 29 a carbon tax15, and developing an emissions trading scheme (or cap-and-trade16) where an emission cap is set on a scope of emitters and emissions allowances are allocated or auctioned to covered entities. No clear conclusions could be drawn from the PE on whether Hong Kong should adopt a similar pricing strategy for reducing and offsetting our carbon emissions. This implies the need to keep abreast of the development trends and climate mitigation potential of carbon pricing. 3.39 Hong Kong, as a leading financial hub, is well positioned to take the lead on green and sustainable finance with a view to orienting capital flows into projects and initiatives that can create positive social and environmental impact, and are conducive to the transition towards net zero carbon emissions. The launch of HK$100 billion (USD$12.75 billion) green bond programme17 in 2018 and the signing of the Green Bond Pledge, as well as the establishment of the Green and Sustainable Finance Cross-Agency Steering Group18 in 2020 are regarded as the critical steps forward for advancing Hong Kongs green and sustainable finance market in this respect. Moreover, the Government, as one of the largest asset owners, is advised to work closely with financial regulators (e.g. Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Authority, Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Ltd. etc.) to facilitate the integration of Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) factors and climate change risks into investment decisions and the monitoring process. With regards to the above considerations, the SDC recommends that the Government shall consider the following strategies: Short-term (1-5 years) H1) To further develop green and sustainable finance through the Green and Sustainable Finance Cross-Agency Steering Group. 15 In Singapore, the Minister for Finance announced at Budget 2017 their plans to introduce a carbon tax from 2019. The tax will be applied on facilities that emit 25,000 tCO2e or more of GHG emissions annually and cover the six GHGs that currently reported to the UNFCCC as part of their national GHG inventory. To allow more time for the industry to adjust and implement energy efficiency projects, the tax will start at SG$5/tCO2e (US$3.7/tCO2e) in the first phase, from 2019 to 2023. The Government will then review the tax rate by 2023. Source: NCSS. Carbon Tax. https:/www.nccs.gov.sg/singapores-climate-action/carbon-tax/ 16 Launched in 2010, the cap-and-trade program of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government is the first mandatory city-level emission trading scheme focused on buildings. Under this scheme, large offices and factories are required to reduce carbon emissions by 25% or 27% respectively in the third compliance period (FY2020-2024). Source: TMG finalizes the cap for Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program after 2020. http:/www.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/en/climate/cap_and_trade/index.files/TCaT_after2020.pdf 17 Hong Kong Government Green Bond Programme. https:/www.hkgb.gov.hk/en/greenbond/greenbondintroduction.html 18 Hong Kong Monetary Authority. (2020). Joint statement on the establishment of the Green and Sustainable Finance Cross-Agency Steering Group. https:/www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/news-and-media/press-releases/2020/05/20200505-8/ 30 H2) To step up efforts in promoting issuance of and investment in green bonds/climate-themed bonds, green loans and other financial products to finance projects that deliver carbon reductions, including those of SMEs. H3) To promote the development of ESG reporting and disclosure such that more corporations will take into account climate factors in making management and investment decisions. Medium-term (5-10 years) H4) The Government could also set a positive example by promoting decarbonisation strategies for its investment funds commensurate with their mandates. H5) To explore opportunities of developing a wider spectrum of green and sustainable financial products by tracking international and regional trends on green and sustainable finance, with a view to encouraging corporations and organisations to shift to cleaner energy sources. 31 4 Closing Remarks 4.1 The three-month PE on Long-term Decarbonisation Strategy was completed on 20 September 2019. The SDC, with the support of its SSC and SG, has reviewed the IRAs Independent Analysis Report, and consolidated the views and comments expressed by the public and stakeholders. The submission of this recommendation report to the Government marks the final stage of the PE process. 4.2 Feedback solicited from the PE process has revealed that although public awareness for climate change is building up in Hong Kong, more efforts are required to communicate the urgency for change, and drive cross-sectoral actions for systemic low-carbon transformation and deep decarbonisation to get the economy ready for advancing to net zero emissions by 2050. 4.3 In the process of formulating practical and actionable strategies, the SDC has endeavoured to balance views from the public and different sectors of the society. In this light, the SDC has set out a long-term vision, six overarching objectives and 55 recommendations across eight key areas of target, lifestyles, education, training and research, built environment, energy, transport, city planning and management, as well as finance, with a view to progressively reducing our carbon emissions for climate change mitigation. 4.4 To adequately address the climate crisis, it requires strong government leadership, inter-departmental coordination and cross-sectoral actions. The SDC calls on the Government to make swift decisions and mobilise actions from the business sector and the community to set us on the road towards deep decarbonisation for Hong Kong. Annex I Membership List of the Support Group on Long-term Decarbonisation Strategy* Mr LAM Chiu-ying, SBS (Convenor) (until 25 September 2020) Dr Bunny CHAN Chung-bun, GBS, JP Ms Serena CHENG Hoi-yan Mr CHEUNG Chi-wah Mr CHEUNG Hau-wai, SBS Mr Eric CHONG Mr CHOW Lap-man Professor CHU Hoi-shan Professor FUNG Tung Professor Laurence HO Hoi-ming Professor HO Kin-chung, BBS, JP Ms Betty HO Siu-fong, MH Mr Tony IP Chung-man Ms Samantha KONG Wing-man Mr Prentice KOO Wai-muk Mr KWOK Lit-tung, JP Ms Melanie KWOK Mr Wilson KWONG Wing-tsuen Professor LEUNG Wing-mo Dr LUK Bing-lam Mrs Agnes MAK TANG Pik-yee, MH, JP Mrs Sandra MAK WONG Siu-chun The Late Dr NG Cho-nam, SBS, JP (until 13 December 2019) Mr Simon NG Ka-wing Ms Karen NGAI Oi-ling Miss Samanta PONG Sum-yee Ms Christina TANG Pik-han Mr Cliff TANG Wing-chun Ms Rosana WONG Wai-man Ms WONG Shu-ming, MH Ir Professor WONG Sze-chun, BBS, JP Professor Jonathan WONG Woon-chung, MH, JP Mr Eric YEUNG Chuen-sing Representative from Development Bureau Representatives from Environment Bureau / Environmental Protection Department Representative from Hong Kong Observatory Representative from Transport and Housing Bureau *Listed in alphabetical order Annex II List of Public Interaction Activities Date Activity 1. 20 Jun (Thu) School activity - Sai Kung Sung Tsun Catholic School (Secondary Section) 2. 20 Jun (Thu) Steering Committee on the Promotion of Electric Vehicles 3. 24 Jun (Mon) The Chinese University of Hong Kong 4. 25 Jun (Tue) School activity - POH Chan Kai Memorial College 5. 25 Jun (Tue) Joint College Environmental Innovation Alliance 6. 26 Jun (Wed) School activity The Lutheran Church Hong Kong Synod MKMCF Ma Chan Duen Hey Memorial College 7. 26 Jun (Wed) The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 8. 27 Jun (Thu) Airport Authority Hong Kong 9. 27 Jun (Thu) School activity - Bethel High School 10. 27 Jun (Thu) Business Environment Council 11. 28 Jun (Fri) School activity - Rhenish Church Pang Hok Ko Memorial College 12. 28 Jun (Fri) School activity - Chong Gene Hang College 13. 28 Jun (Fri) Civic Exchange 14. 2 Jul (Tue) School activity - SKH Li Fook Hing Secondary School 15. 3 Jul (Wed) School activity - Carmel Secondary School 16. 4 Jul (Thu) Environmental Campaign Committee 17. 4 Jul (Thu) School activity - Kau Yan College 18. 5 Jul (Fri) School activity - Caritas St. Joseph Secondary School 19. 8 Jul (Mon) School activity - South Tuen Mun Government Secondary School 20. 8 Jul (Mon) Advisory Council on the Environment 21. 9 Jul (Tue) School activity - Ling Liang Church E Wun Secondary School Date Activity 22. 10 Jul (Wed) School activity - Hong Kong & Kowloon Kaifong Womens Association Sun Fong Chung College 23. 11 Jul (Thu) School activity - Buddhist Wong Fung Ling College 24. 12 Jul (Fri) Steering Committee of Pilot Green Transport Fund 25. 16 Jul (Tue) International Chamber of Commerce Hong Kong 26. 18 Jul (Thu) Chairmen and Vice-chairmen of 18 District Councils Monthly Meeting 27. 19 Jul (Fri) City University of Hong Kong 28. 26 Jul (Fri) Town Planning Board 29. 30 Jul (Tue) Small and Medium Enterprises Committee 30. 30 Jul (Tue) Hong Kong Institute of Acoustics, Hong Kong Institute of Environmental Impact Assessment, Hong Kong Institute of Environmental Protection Officers, Hong Kong Institute of Qualified Environmental Professionals, and The Environmental Management Association of Hong Kong 31. 1 Aug (Thu) Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management Hong Kong 32. 9 Aug (Fri) Regional Forum (Kowloon West) 33. 14 Aug (Wed) Regional Forum (Kowloon East) 34. 15 Aug (Thu) The Hong Kong Jockey Club 35. 15 Aug (Thu) Regional Forum (New Territories East) 36. 16 Aug (Fri) The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers Environmental Division 37. 19 Aug (Mon) Hong Kong Green Building Council 38. 23 Aug (Fri) Friends of the Earth (HK) 39. 26 Aug (Mon) The Hong Kong Institute of Planners 40. 28 Aug (Wed) English Schools Foundation 41. 28 Aug (Wed) The Hong Kong Institute of Architects 42. 29 Aug (Thu) Estate Management Advisory Committee (Yiu Tung Estate) Date Activity 43. 2 Sep (Mon) Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce 44. 3 Sep (Tue) The Green Earth 45. 5 Sep (Thu) Campus Sustainability Office of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 46. 6 Sep (Fri) Asia Investor Group on Climate Change 47. 9 Sep (Mon) Designing Hong Kong 48. 9 Sep (Mon) Regional Forum (Hong Kong Island) 49. 10 Sep (Tue) The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology - EcoChat 50. 11 Sep (Wed) The University of Hong Kong 51. 11 Sep (Wed) CarbonCare InnoLab & 350 HK 52. 12 Sep (Thu) Family Council 53. 12 Sep (Thu) Regional Forum (New Territories West) 54. 12 Sep (Thu) Energy Advisory Committee 55. 13 Sep (Fri) The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology 56. 16 Sep (Mon) The Chinese Manufacturers Association of Hong Kong 57. 17 Sep (Tue) Institution of Gas Engineers and Managers 58. 17 Sep (Tue) Education University of Hong Kong 59. 17 Sep (Tue) World Wide Fund for Nature Hong Kong 60. 17 Sep (Tue) Youth Forum 61. 18 Sep (Wed) Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club 62. 19 Sep (Thu) Hong Kong E-Vehicles Business General Association 63. 19 Sep (Thu) Estate Management Advisory Committee of Tin Shui I & II Estates 64. 20 Sep (Fri) Chu Hai College of Higher Education 65. 20 Sep (Fri) Sustainable Development Workshop for Liberal Studies Teachers Annex III List of Supporting Organisations* Public Bodies Airport Authority Hong Kong Consumer Council Hong Kong Housing Authority Hong Kong Housing Society Hong Kong Productivity Council Urban Renewal Authority Universities, Tertiary Institutions and Education Sector Chu Hai College of Higher Education City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong Shue Yan University Lingnan University The Chinese University of Hong Kong The Education University of Hong Kong The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts The Hong Kong Polytechnic University The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology The Open University of Hong Kong The University of Hong Kong Vocational Training Council Research Institutions/Think Tanks AD RG Architecture Design and Research Group Ltd. Civic Exchange Vehicles-related Organisations Environmental Vehicle Repairers Association Federation of Automobile Services Industry Hong Kong H.K.L.H.D. Motors Association Limited Hong Kong Automobile Association Hong Kong E-Vehicles Business General Association Limited Hong Kong Taxi & PLB Association Public Omnibus Operators Association Right Hand Drive Motors Association (Hong Kong) Limited The Motor Traders Association of Hong Kong Professional Organisations Asian Institute of Intelligent Buildings BEAM Society Building Services Operation and Maintenance Executives Society Canadian Society for Civil Engineering Hong Kong Branch Chartered Institute of Housing Asian Pacific Branch Designing Hong Kong Limited Engineers Australia Hong Kong Chapter Environmental Management Association of Hong Kong Hong Kong Association of Energy Engineers Hong Kong Environmental Industry Association Hong Kong Green Building Council Hong Kong Institute of Environmental Impact Assessment Hong Kong Institute of Qualified Environmental Professionals Hong Kong Institute of Urban Design International Facility Management Association Hong Kong Chapter Professional Building Surveying Consultants Association of Hong Kong Professional Green Building Council The Association of Consulting Engineers of Hong Kong The Chartered Institute of Building (Hong Kong) The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport in Hong Kong The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Hong Kong Branch The Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management Hong Kong The Energy Institute Hong Kong (Branch) The Hong Kong Association of Property Management Companies The Hong Kong Institute of Architects The Hong Kong Institute of Facility Management The Hong Kong Institute of Housing The Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects The Hong Kong Institute of Planners The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers The Society of Operations Engineers, Hong Kong Region Business-related Organisations Business Environment Council Federation of Hong Kong Industries Hong Kong Construction Association Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce Hong Kong Hotels Association Junior Chamber International Hong Kong New Territories General Chamber of Commerce New Zealand Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong The American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong The Australian Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong The British Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong The Chinese General Chamber of Commerce The Chinese Manufacturers Association of Hong Kong The French Chamber of Commerce & Industry in Hong Kong The Hong Kong General Chamber of Small and Medium Business The Real Estate Developers Association of Hong Kong Non-governmental Organisations/School Sponsoring Bodies Caritas Hong Kong Chinese Young Mens Christian Association of Hong Kong Christian Family Service Centre English Schools Foundation Hong Chi Association Hong Kong Christian Council Hong Kong Federation of Women Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui Hong Kong Women Development Association Limited Hong Kong Women Workers Association Hong Kong Young Womens Christian Association New Life Psychiatric Rehabilitation Association Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club School of Everyday Life Soap Cycling St James Settlement The Boys Brigade, Hong Kong The Chinese Muslim Cultural and Fraternal Association The Confucian Academy The Hong Kong Buddhist Association The Hong Kong Council of Social Service The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups The Hong Kong Girl Guides Association The Hong Kong Jockey Club The Hong Kong Taoist Association The Salvation Army Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Women Service Association Yan Chai Hospital Yan Oi Tong Young Mens Christian Association of Hong Kong Concern Groups 350HK Asia Investor Group on Climate Change C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, China Representative Office CarbonCare InnoLab Environmental Association Friends of the Earth (HK) Green Council Green Power Green Sense Greeners Action Hong Kong Bird Watching Society Hong Kong Green Strategy Alliance Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden Smart City Consortium Sustainable Development Solutions Network Hong Kong The Conservancy Association The Green Earth The Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) Limited The Jockey Club Museum of Climate Change Vair Hong Kong World Green Organisation World Wide Fund for Nature Hong Kong *Listed in alphabetical order under each category. Annex IV List of Roving Exhibitions Date Venue 10.7.2019 12.7.2019 Stanley Municipal Services Building (G/F) 6 Stanley Market Road, Stanley, Hong Kong 10.7.2019 12.7.2019 Revenue Tower (G/F) 5 Gloucester Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong 13.7.2019 15.7.2019 The Open University of Hong Kong (0/F, Kwok Tak Seng Building (Block C), Main Campus) 30 Good Shepherd Street, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon 16.7.2019 18.7.2019 Queensway Government Offices (Supreme Court Road Lobby) 66 Queensway, Hong Kong 16.7.2019 18.7.2019 Harbour Building (2/F) 38 Pier Road, Central, Hong Kong 19.7.2019 21.7.2019 The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po (Central Plaza) 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories 19.7.2019 22.7.2019 Hong Kong Baptist University (3/F, Academic and Administration Building) Kowloon Tong, Kowloon 19.7.2019 22.7.2019 Shun Lee Tsuen Sports Centre (Near Entrance) 33 Shun Lee Tsuen Road, Kwun Tong, Kowloon 23.7.2019 25.7.2019 Po Kong Village Road Sports Centre (1/F) 120 Po Kong Village Road, Tsz Wan Shan, Wong Tai Sin, Kowloon 23.7.2019 25.7.2019 Hang Hau Community Hall (Near Hall Entrance) G/F, Sai Kung Tseung Kwan O Government Complex, 38 Pui Shing Road, Hang Hau, Tseung Kwan O, New Territories 26.7.2019 29.7.2019 Mong Kok Community Hall (Near Hall Entrance) L2, Mong Kok Complex, 557 Shanghai Street, Mong Kok, Kowloon 26.7.2019 29.7.2019 Mei Foo Community Hall (Near Hall Entrance) 1/F - 2/F, Mei Foo Government Complex, No. 33 Mei Lai Road, Sham Shui Po, Kowloon 2.8.2019 4.8.2019 Kwai Hing Government Offices (Near Entrance) 166-174 Hing Fong Road, Kwai Chung, New Territories 5.8.2019 8.8.2019 Fanling Environmental Resource Centre (2/F Corridor) 2/F, Government Accommodations, Grand Regentville, 9 Wo Mun Street, Luen Wo Hui, Fanling, New Territories 5.8.2019 8.8.2019 Hong Kong Wetland Park (The bridge in Visitor Center, near Wetland Challenge) Wetland Park Road, Tin Shui Wai, New Territories 13.8.2019 15.8.2019 Sha Tin Community Green Station (G/F Near Entrance) 10 On Ping Street, Shek Mun, Sha Tin, New Territories 13.8.2019 15.8.2019 The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Benjamin Franklin Centre Exhibition Hall 2&3) Shatin, New Territories 16.8.2019 19.8.2019 Tai Po Community Centre (G/F Near Hall Entrance) No. 2, Heung Sze Wui Street, Tai Po, New Territories Date Venue 17.8.2019 Kwun Tong Community Green Station 27 Sheung Yee Road, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon 20.8.2019 22.8.2019 Princess Alexandra Community Centre (G/F Near Hall Entrance) G/F, 60 Tai Ho Road, Tsuen Wan, New Territories 23.8.2019 26.8.2019 Tuen Mun Town Centre Community Hall (G/F Near Hall Entrance) Level 4, North Wing, Trend Plaza, Tuen Mun, New Territories 27.8.2019 30.8.2019 North Point Government Offices (Near G/F Lobby) 333 Java Road, North Point, Hong Kong 27.8.2019 30.8.2019 Quarry Bay Community Hall (G/F Near Hall Entrance) 1 Greig Road, Hong Kong 3.9.2019 5.9.2019 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Exhibition Gallery (S201), P/F, Communal Building) Hung Hom, Kowloon 3.9.2019 5.9.2019 Lingnan University (Under Skylight (Near Student Canteen) 8 Castle Peak Road, Tuen Mun, New Territories 6.9.2019 8.9.2019 Tsing Yi Southwest Sports Centre (1/F Lobby) 70 Chung Mei Road, Tsing Yi, New Territories 12.9.2019 14.9.2019 The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Chia-Wei Woo Academic Concourse outside Lam Woo Lecture Theatre B) Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 15.9.2019 17.9.2019 Tung Chung Municipal Services Building (1/F Open Area) 39 Man Tung Road, Tung Chung, Lantau Island 18.9.2019 20.9.2019 Cheung Sha Wan Government Offices (G/F Lobby) 303 Cheung Sha Wan Road, Sham Shui Po, Kowloon 18.9.2019 20.9.2019 Lei Yue Mun Sports Centre (2/F Lobby) Lei Yue Mun Municipal Services Building, 6 Lei Yue Mun Path, Yau Tong, Kowloon Annex V List of Abbreviations Abbreviation Stand for DBNPS Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant EMSD Electrical and Mechanical Services Department E-CVs Electric Commercial Vehicles E-PVs Electric Private Vehicles EVs Electric Vehicles ERP Electronic Road Pricing ESG Environmental, Social and Governance FiT Feed-in-Tariff FGM Focus Group Meeting FRT First-time Registration Tax GFA Gross Floor Area GHG Greenhouse Gas IRA Independent Analysis and Reporting Agency ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation IMO International Maritime Organization ICE Internal Combustion Engine LNG Liquefied Natural Gas NGO Non-governmental Organisation OTTV Overall Thermal Transfer Value PE Public Engagement PGTF Pilot Green Transport Fund R&D Research and Development RE Renewable Energy RTTV Residential Thermal Transfer Value SDC Council for Sustainable Development SG Support Group SMEs Small and Medium-sized Enterprises SO Supporting Organisation SSC Strategy Sub-Committee TCFD Task Force on Climate Related Financial Disclosures UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change VCF Views Collection Form
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