2020年变革性气候金融：增强国际气候资金流动框架 - VividEconomics（英文版）（173页）.pdf

1、 June 2020 Transformative Climate Finance i Contents Executive Summary . 1 1 Introduction . 5 2 Current status of climate finance . 12 3 Building blocks of transformative climate finance . 21 A. Project-based financing . 27 B. Green financial sector reform . 41 C. Fiscal policies . 55 D. Sector poli

2、cies . 68 E. Trade policy and green trade . 77 F. Innovation . 91 G. Carbon markets . 106 H. Climate intelligence and data . 118 4 Enabling the transitioning to transformative climate finance . 131 Annex A: Climate Finance Flows Methodology. 140 Annex B: Transitioning from a low- to a high-level cli

3、mate finance equilibrium . 148 References . 151 Transformative Climate Finance ii List of tables Table ES1 Eight transformative climate actions can help countries transition to LCCR development pathways . 2 Table ES2 Summary of transformative climate action approaches and relevant climate finance in

4、struments . 4 Table 1 Climate mitigation and adaptation priorities to support LCCR development across key areas . 7 Table 2 Estimated gross annual green investment needs to achieve LCCR mitigation priorities . 8 Table 3 Eight climate levers all support an accelerated and scaled-up response to climat

5、e change . 11 Table 4 Top 20 recipients of climate mitigation finance and their relative shares of developing country emissions . 17 Table 5 Top 20 recipients of climate adaptation finance and their relative shares of projected adaptation investment needs . 18 Table 4 This framework classifies clima

6、te finance into nine categories of instruments to support climate action . 22 Table 5 Summary of transformative climate levers and relevant climate finance instruments . 24 Table 6 Relevant climate finance instruments for project-based financing . 32 Table 7 Relevant climate finance instruments for