超越被动式扩展：优化 Amazon EKS 的成本和性能（由 ScaleOps 赞助）.pdf

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1、 2025,Amazon Web Services,Inc.or its affiliates.All rights reserved.COP369-SSteven FeltnerPrincipal Architect at ScaleOpsBeyond Reactive Scaling:Optimizing AWS EKS Cost and PerformanceAgendaThe Impossible TriangleKubernetes Resource Management FoundationsContainer Rightsizing(CPU,Memory,GPU,Storage

2、etc.)Horizontal Scaling Node Scaling&Spot adoptionCRDs&Policies for ScaleA Holistic SolutionThe Impossible TriangleReliabilityPerformanceCost Efficiency10 pods-Manual tuning,achieve all 3 Performance&reliability:Cost Cost efficiency:Reliability&Performance1000 pods-waste lowers efficiency5000 pods-F

3、ragmentation lowers efficiencyScale Reality:Request vs UsageScale Reality:Node FragmentationWasted budget or degraded performance?The Scaling DilemmaReactive autoscaling forces you to pick oneKubernetes Resource Management Foundations Requests:Scheduler uses to schedule the pod to a node with suffic

4、ient capacityLimits:limits are applied by the kubelet and are enforced by the kernel using cgroups.-CPU limits are enforced by CPU throttling-Memory limits are enforced reactively and terminations(out of memory-OOM)only when the kernel detects memory pressureTogether:Determine QoS class and preempti

5、onQoS ClassesGuaranteedrequests=limits(evicted last)BestEffortno requests/limits(evicted first)Burstablerequests CPUBatch:Bursty,time-constrained GPU:Tensor cores CPUVPA Rightsizing Challenges at ScaleVPA performance has not been tested in large clusters.Safe Descheduling&Re-PackingVPA eviction(rest

6、arts pod,scheduler re-places)re-packing opportunityDeployment rollouts(natural pod recreation)re-packing opportunityDescheduler runs(identifies fragmentation)eviction API re-packingThe Safety Layer:PDBs(prevent mass evictions)Safe-to-evict annotations(protect system pods)Grateful shutdown(SIGTERM gr