1、IInsurance and Chemical,Biological,Radiological,and Nuclear RisksSeptember 2025II1A joint report of the Geneva Association and the International Forum of Terrorism Risk(Re)Insurance Pools(IFTRIP)Insurance and Chemical,Biological,Radiological,and Nuclear Risks2 2Geneva AssociationThe Geneva Associati

2、on was created in 1973 and is the only global association of insurance companies;our members are insurance and reinsurance Chief Executive Officers(CEOs).Based on rigorous research conducted in collaboration with our members,academic institutions and multilateral organisations,our mission is to iden

3、tify and investigate key trends that are likely to shape or impact the insurance industry in the future,highlighting what is at stake for the industry;develop recommendations for the industry and for policymakers;provide a platform to our members and other stakeholders to discuss these trends and re

4、commendations;and reach out to global opinion leaders and influential organisations to highlight the positive contributions of insurance to better understanding risks and to building resilient and prosperous economies and societies,and thus a more sustainable world.Geneva Association publications:Pa

5、mela Corn,Director CommunicationsHannah Dean,Editor&Content ManagerJooin Shin,Digital Content&Design ManagerSuggested citation:Geneva Association and International Forum of Terrorism Risk(Re)Insurance Pools(IFTRIP).2025.Insurance and Chemical,Biological,Radiological,and Nuclear Risks.September.Genev

6、a Association,2025 All rights reservedwww.genevaassociation.orgPhoto credits:Cover page Cash Macanaya for Unsplash3Acknowledgements 4Foreword 5Executive summary 61.Introduction 81.1 Defining CBRN 91.2 Recent CBRN events 101.3 Catastrophic loss potential 131.4 Scope and structure of the report 172.CB