1、2344JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY,VOL.33,NO.12,JUNE 15,2015Optical Metasurfaces and Prospect of TheirApplications Including Fiber OpticsNanfang Yu,Member,IEEE,and Federico Capasso,Fellow,IEEE(Invited Tutorial)AbstractMetasurfaceshaveemergedintherecentyears as a platform to design subwavelength-thi

2、ck opticalcomponents(“flat optics”),which can be used to implementany optical function(beam deflection,focusing,waveplates,etc).These flat optical components can be fabricated using asingle lithographic step.The approach is particularly suited forpatterning nonconventional substrates,such as semicon

3、ductorlaser facets and optical fiber facets.In this paper,we review recentapplications of metasurfaces to flat optical devices,including theiruse in semiconductor lasers and fiber optics.Metasurfaces makeit possible to design all properties of light(amplitude,phase,and polarization),which enable us

4、to build a large variety of flatoptical components,including planar lenses,quarter-wave plates,optical vortex plates,holograms for vector beam generation,andultrathin perfect absorbers and color coatings.We also reviewflat collimating lenses integrated on the facets of mid-infraredand far-infrared(t

5、erahertz)quantum cascade lasers,and noveltechniques to create large arrays of nanostructures on fiber facets.Index TermsAntenna arrays,metasurfaces,optical fibers,op-tical surface waves,phased arrays,quantum cascade lasers.I.INTRODUCTIONMETASURFACES are powerful ways to realize trans-formation optic

6、s 14.By introducing abrupt phaseshifts,they allow us to fold optical space at the interface be-tween two optical media(i.e.,optical analog of origami),sothat we can control light transmitted through,reflected from,or propagating along a designer optical interface 59.Thispaper will address the questi