1、How Europes grid operators are preparing for the energy transitionMay 2025A snapshot of electricitytransmission system operator practices and plans AcknowledgementsThe research and writing of this report was a joint effort by Beyond Fossil Fuels(BFF),Ember,E3G and the Institute for Energy Economics

2、and Financial Analysis(IEEFA).The report benefitted from valuable comments and suggestions provided by Megan Anderson(Agora Energiewende),Conall Heussaff(Bruegel),Joni Karjalainen(Climate Action Network Europe),Jrg Mhlenhoff(Heinrich-Bll-Stiftung European Union),Zsuzsanna Pat(Regulatory Assistance P

3、roject)and Christian Redl(Agora Energiewende).We would like to thank the TSOs that engaged with this project and responded to our data requests.21 Key Findings and Recommendations 42 Glossary 83 Introduction and Background 94 Methodology 125 Grid Operations 136 Grid Planning 237 Governance and Polit

4、ics 298 Finance 379 Conclusions and Recommendations 44Contents3Key Findings&1Europes electricity grids will be the lifeline that drives economic growth and ensures energy security over the next decade.Yet,at present,many grid operators are heading into the future while looking in the rear-view mirro

5、r.Ensuring that TSOs are aligning their long-term plans to achieve a fossil free renewables-based power system by 2035 will be a critical milestone in the successful decarbonisation of Europes economy;supporting lower energy costs and the electrification of key sectors.At the same time,the regulator

6、y landscape needs updating to reflect new demands and realities,including better governance over the actions and investments of TSOs.Beyond Fossil Fuels,Ember,E3G and the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis(IEEFA)investigated 32 electricity TSOs across 28 European countries to gain