1、 Artificial Intelligence and Civil Liability A European Perspective Policy Department for Justice,Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs Directorate-General for Citizens Rights,Justice and Institutional Affairs PE 776.426-July 2025 EN STUDY Requested by the JURI Committee Abstract Department for

2、Justice,Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs,critically analyses vil liability for artificial intelligence systems.In order to avoid regulatory fragmentation between Member States,the study advocates for a strict liability regime targeting high-r

3、isk systems,structured around a single responsible operator and grounded in legal certainty,efficiency,and harmonisation.Artificial Intelligence and Civil Liability A European Perspective This document was requested by the European Parliaments Committee on Legal Affairs.AUTHOR Prof.Dr Andrea BERTOLI

4、NI,LL.M.(Yale)Associate Professor of Private Law&Director of the European Centre of Excellence on the Regulation of Robotics and AI(EURA)ADMINISTRATOR RESPONSIBLE Mariusz MACIEJEWSKI EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Ivona KLECAN LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original:EN ABOUT THE EDITOR Policy departments provide in-house

5、 and external expertise to support EP committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny over EU internal policies.To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe for updates,please write to:Policy Department for Justice,Civil Liberties and Instituti

6、onal Affairs European Parliament B-1047 Brussels Email:poldep-iust-beuroparl.europa.eu Manuscript completed in July 2025 European Union,2025 This document is available on the internet at:http:/www.europarl.europa.eu/supporting-analyses DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT The opinions expressed in this document