1、 2025:Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations(ICRIER)1.Reena Singh,Senior Fellow,Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations,New Delhi(rsinghicrier.res.in).ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this document shall be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or tra

2、nsmitted by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the copyright holder(s)and/or publishers.Published by:Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations(ICRIER)Authors ISBN Number:978-81-954132-9-4 Core-6A,4th Floor

3、,India Habitat Centre,Lodhi Road,New Delhi 1100032.Ashok Gulati,Distinguished Professor,Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations,New Delhi(;agulatiicrier.res.in)Disclaimer:Opinions and recommendations in the report are exclusively of the author(s)and not of any other individua

4、l or institution including ICRIER.This report has been prepared in good faith on the basis of information available at the date of publication.All interactions and transactions with sponsors and their representatives have been transparent and conducted in an open,honest,and independent manner as ens

5、hrined in ICRIER Memorandum of Association.ICRIER does not accept any corporate funding that comes with a mandated research area which is not in line with ICRIERs research agenda.The corporate funding of an ICRIER activity does not,in any way,imply ICRIERs endorsement of the views of the sponsoring

6、organization or its products or policies.ICRIER does not conduct research that is focused on any specific product or service provided by the corporate.sponsor.3.2 State-wise nitrous oxide emission estimates.45 3.GHG emission estimates from rice cultivation.42 2.4 Methodological framework for estimat