1、Decarbonisation of the Nickel Industrial Parks in Indonesia1This report analyses the multi-layered challenges to implement decarbonization strategies within the nickel industrial parks in Indonesia.As the key outcome of Indonesias decade long downstreaming strategy in its critical mineral sector to

2、get integrated to the global critical mineral supply chain,these industrial parks have contributed significantly to the industrial development of Indonesia.Yet unprecedented industrialization created various social and environmental challenges,including the soaring carbon emissions.?of this issue,vi

3、a the lens of policy evolution,co-existing multiple value chains,internal governance of the industrial parks,and spatial and endowment constraints.The framework is applied to a comparative case?on Obi Island.?and capacity varies significantly across different value chains around nickel,including sta

4、inless steel,?greater potential for emission reduction despite higher environmental risks.Third,the highly centralized?some decarbonisation strategies are constrained by spatial and endowment limitations,including the scarcity of land and clean energy resources within the parks,as well as the ecolog

5、ical vulnerability of surrounding areas.?ambition and climate responsibilities.A successful low-carbon transition will require some clarities in policies,stronger support for low carbon technologies around different nickel value chains,improved?cautiously implemented renewable energy replacement str

6、ategy.SummarySummary11.Background:between fast industrialization and low-carbon development 22.Low-Carbon Transition of Indonesias NIPs:An Analytical Framework 6 2.1.Policy Changes and Industry Park Development Historical Evolution7 2.2.Multi-Chain Integration within Nickel Industrial Parks11 2.3.Go