1、The economic and strategic importance of multi-metals processingMAY 2025Commissioned by NyrstarThis document is intended for general informational purposes only.The analysis in this report was commissioned by Nyrstar Australia and prepared by Mandala.All data and information is as of 25 March 2025.M

2、andala is an economics research and advisory firm.Mandala specialises in combining cutting-edge data and advanced analytical techniques to generate new insights and fresh perspectives on the challenges facing businesses and governments.Views and opinions expressed in this document are prepared in go

3、od faith and based on Mandalas knowledge and understanding of its area of business,markets and technology.Opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice.No part of this document may be reproduced in any manner without the written permission of Mandala.March 2025Note:All dollar figure

4、s are Australian dollars unless indicated otherwise.The data and information provided by Wood Mackenzie as referenced in this report should not be interpreted as advice and you should not rely on it for any purpose.You may not copy or use this data and information except as expressly permitted by Wo

5、od Mackenzie in writing.To the fullest extent permitted by law,Wood Mackenzie accepts no responsibility for your use of this data and information except as specified in a written agreement you have entered into with Wood Mackenzie for the provision of such of such data and information.ContentsExecut

6、ive summaryAustralias existing zinc and lead capabilities are a gateway to critical minerals processingSecuring a stable supply of critical minerals is increasingly important for AustraliaFundamental shifts in global industrial policy have undermined the viability of domestic minerals processingAppe