1、HOW AMERICAS TRADING PARTNERSARE REACTING TO U.S.TARIFFS GLOBAL TRADE AND INNOVATION POLICY ALLIANCE|JUNE 2025 PAGE 1 ABOUT THE GLOBAL TRADE AND INNOVATION POLICY ALLIANCE The Global Trade and Innovation Policy Alliance(GTIPA)is a global network of independent think tanks that are ardent supporters

2、of greater global trade liberalization and integration,deplore trade-distorting“innovation mercantilist”practices,yet believe that governments can and should play important and proactive roles in spurring greater innovation and productivity in their enterprises and economies.Member organizations adv

3、ocate and adhere to research and policy consistent with a core Statement of Shared Principles.The Alliance represents a network of like-minded think tanks who have opportunities to collaborate on events,research,and reports while enjoying a platform that highlights and cross-pollinates member organi

4、zations work on trade,globalization,and innovation policy.Think tanks interested in joining the Alliance should contact Stephen Ezell,Vice President,Global Innovation Policy at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation(ITIF),at sezellitif.org.GLOBAL TRADE AND INNOVATION POLICY ALLIANCE PA

5、GE 2 CONTENTS About the Global Trade and Innovation Policy Alliance.1 Introduction.3 How Countries Are Reacting to the Trade War.4 Countries Are Negotiating with The United States While Reducing Their Economic Exposure to U.S.Trade Policies.4 Countries Are Prioritizing Economic Resiliency Measures.4

6、 A Bumpy Road in the Upcoming Years.4 Countries Are Seeking to Boost Alternative Trade Routes.5 The U.S.Trade War Is Boosting Chinas Influence Worldwide.5 Countries Are Taking Extraordinary Measures to Reduce Shock Volatility.6 Country cases.7 Argentina.7 Australia.8 Bangladesh.10 Brazil.12 Bulgaria