1、PRICE FLUCTUATIONMARKET ACCESSFARM SIZEPRODUCTIVITYTRANSPORT CLIMATE&WEATHER INPUT COSTSSUBSIDIESLEGAL COMPLIANCE FAIR PRICINGLABOUR COSTSTAXESProcurement for prosperityPALM OIL BAROMETER 20252PALM OIL BAROMETER 20253PALM OIL BAROMETER 2025ContentsExecutive summary 5Introduction 7Paying the price fo

2、r sustainability.8About this report.8Solidaridads role in palm oil.8Co-signatories.9Global state of palm oil production 111.1 Sustainability issues in oil palm sector.121.1.1 Deforestation and biodiversity.131.1.2 Greenhouse gas emissions.131.1.3 Land rights.131.1.4 Labor rights.141.1.5 Gender and s

3、ocial inclusion.141.2 The use of palm oil for bioenergy .17The need for more inclusivity in the palm oil value chain 192.1 Defining smallholders in the oil palm value chain .192.2 Smallholder inclusivity .202.3 RSPO and smallholder inclusivity.212.4 Smallholder livelihood.222.4.1 Climate change vuln

4、erability .222.4.2 Increasing price volatility.222.4.3 Sustainability requirements and lack of reward.252.5 Insufficient premium payments for RSPO certified palm oil.252.5.1 Sales of Independent Smallholder Credits.262.6 Ecosystem payments and markets for smallholders .27Continental spotlight 313.1

5、Asia.323.1.1 Country spotlight.323.1.1.1 Indonesia.323.1.1.2 Malaysia.323.1.1.3 Thailand.333.1.1.4 India.333.1.2 Social sustainability.333.1.2.1 Prosperity.333.1.2.2 Land rights .343.1.2.3 Labor rights.343.1.2.4 Gender.343.1.3 Deforestation,land conversion and biodiversity.343.1.4 Smallholder liveli

6、hoods.363.1.5 Pricing mechanisms.363.1.5.1 Indonesia.364PALM OIL BAROMETER 20253.1.5.2 Malaysia.373.1.5.3 India.373.1.6 Sustainability incentives.383.2 Latin America.393.2.1 Country spotlight.393.2.2 Social sustainability.403.2.2.1 Prosperity .403.2.2.2 Gender and social inclusion.413.2.2.3 Land rig