1、 The geography factor:How environmental conditions shape methane monitoring from space Satellites are transforming global methane monitoring,offering unprecedented insights and actionable data to support mitigation efforts.With a growing number of methane-sensing instruments in orbit,a diverse commu

2、nityincluding NGOs,governments,and other sectorsare increasingly eager to integrate satellite data into their work.This report serves as a resource for new users,helping them effectively utilise satellite data by identifying regions where environmental conditions may affect data coverage.18 March 20

3、25 Dr Sarah Shannon(Ember)and Dr Ioannis Binietoglou(Clean Air Task Force)Contents Executive Summary 5 1.Monitoring methane emissions 10 Why measure methane?10 The role of satellites in a global observing system 12 2.Challenging environmental conditions 16 Environmental conditions and their impact 1

4、9 Cloud cover 19 Terrain roughness 21 Sun elevation 23 Surface brightness 25 Wind speed 27 Our methodology 28 3.Challenging to monitor regions 30 Country-level differences in the ease of satellite monitoring of coal production 33 Country-level differences in the ease of satellite monitoring of oil a

5、nd gas production 36 Case Studies 40 4.The way forward 46 Alternative methane measurements technologies 47 Looking beyond specific technologies 48 Methodology 50 Acknowledgement 55 1 About This report is intended to help governments,civil society groups,and industry improve their understanding of sp

6、aceborne methane observations a vital step in combating climate change.A growing number of methane sensors are orbiting the earth,providing unprecedented insight on global emissions.These sensors range from those that measure methane at kilometer-level resolutions to those that monitor emissions at