1、 1 DETAILED REPORT ON THE ADOPTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN CUSTOMS MARCH 2025 2 3 Detailed Report on The Adop)on of Ar)ficial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Customs March 2025 The content presented herein has been developed by a consultant under the Smart Customs Pro

2、ject.It does not reflect the views,opinions,or official posiBons of the World Customs OrganizaBon(WCO),its Members or the WCO Secretariat.4 5 Table of Contents 1 Execuve summary.10 2 Overview of Arficial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML).12 2.1 AI/ML-a brief history.12 2.2 The rise of Machine

3、 Learning(ML).13 2.3 The advent of generaBve AI(Gen AI).14 2.3.1 The technology behind genera5ve AI.15 2.4 AI for Customs administraBons.17 3 AI/ML trends in Customs and trade.18 3.1 Advanced AI models.18 3.2 The role of generaBve AI in Customs operaBons.18 3.3 Human-in-the-Loop(HITL)approach in Cus

4、toms operaBons.19 3.3.1 Ensuring accountability and compliance.19 3.3.2 Enhancing trust and transparency.19 3.3.3 Managing ethical and legal considera5ons.19 3.3.4 Adap5ng to dynamic environments.19 3.3.5 Balancing efficiency with exper5se.20 3.4 Cloud-based AI in Customs operaBons.20 3.4.1 Addressi

5、ng data security concerns.20 4 Legal requirements for AI/ML adopon.21 4.1 NaBonal approaches to AI regulaBon.21 4.1.1 Formal legisla5on.21 4.1.2 Governance frameworks and guidelines.21 4.1.3 Hybrid approaches.22 4.2 InternaBonal efforts to regulate AI.22 4.3 ImplicaBons for Customs administraBons.23

6、 4.4 Data encrypBon,anonymizaBon and consent management.23 4.5 Data use compliance and Intellectual Property Rights(IPR)compliance.24 4.6 Cybersecurity regulaBons.25 5 Policy arrangements for AI/ML adopon.26 5.1 Internal policies.26 5.2 Ethical frameworks and guidelines.27 5.3 Bias miBgaBon in AI/ML