1、APRIL 2025Greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution from global shipping,20162023XIAOLI MAO,ZHIHANG MENG,BRYAN COMER,AND TOM DECKERACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe thank Naya Olmer for contributing to the analysis and quality checking the results.We thank Global Fishing Watch for providing underlying data for the

2、 analysis.We thank Liudmila Osipova and Sola Zheng for reviewing this paper and Tomas Husted and Amy Smorodin for editing this work.International Council on Clean Transportation 1500 K Street NW,Suite 650 Washington,DC 20005communicationstheicct.org|www.theicct.org|TheICCT 2025 International Council

3、 on Clean Transportation(ID 332)iICCT REPORT|GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND AIR POLLUTION FROM GLOBAL SHIPPING,20162023EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe International Maritime Organization(IMO)aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions from international shipping by or around 2050 and to cut GHG emissio

4、ns by 20%30%below 2008 levels by 2030 and by 70%80%by 2040.For the IMO to monitor progress and revise the GHG reduction strategy if required,periodic global emissions inventory reports are needed.In 2017,the International Council on Clean Transportation(ICCT)published a report on global ship emissio

5、ns from 2013 to 2015.Building on that analysis,this report assesses emissions over 20162023 using updated,state-of-the-science methods,providing new insights into the maritime shipping sectors climate and environmental performance.In 2023,global shipping emitted 911 million tonnes(Mt)of tank-to-wake

6、(TTW)carbon dioxide equivalent emissions using 100-year global warming potentials(CO2e100),or 925 Mt using 20-year global warming potentials(CO2e20).About 86%of CO2e100 emissions were from international shipping,with another 10%from domestic shipping and 4%from fishing activities.Between 2016 and 20