1、CONTENTINTRODUCTIONKEY AMMONIA CHARACTERISTICSAMMONIA AS A FUELProduction volumesTransportation and distributionSAFE USE OF AMMONIA IN SHIPPINGShips using ammonia as a fuelAURAMARINE AMMONIA FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEMCONCLUSIONSREFERENCESINTRODUCTIONAt Auramarine,we are committed to supporting the shipping

2、industrysroadmap to decarbonisation.Investment in green fuels isfundamental to achieving this,but the challenge lies in finding theright solutions and building confidence amongst ship owners andoperators to encourage widespread adoption.An increasing number of vessels are already utilising methanol,

3、and webelieve ammonia will follow similarly with its potential of being a netzero fuel-when produced sustainably.As the regulations around maritime greenhouse gas emissionstighten,there is a growing need to find multi-fuel solutions toreduce emissions and meet regulatory targets.While there are seve

4、ral new fuels in the mix,the future and mainmake-up of the bunkering supply chain within shipping will likelycomprise of a combination of ammonia,biofuels and methanol.KEY AMMONIA CHARACTERISTICSAmmonia(NH)is one of the topfour basic industrial chemicals,along with methanol,ethylene,and propylene.Ea

5、ch year,over 180 million tonnes(Mt)of ammonia are produced,and its production is responsiblefor about 2%of the worldscarbon dioxide emissions.Most ammonia is used to makenitrogen-based fertilisers likeurea,ammonium nitrate,andammonium sulphate.These fertilisers are so importantfor agriculture that w

6、ithout them,only about half of the worldspopulation would be fed.Ammonia is a colourless and verytoxic gas with a strong,pungentsmell.Despite its toxicity at higherconcentrations,ammonia occursnaturally both in the air and waterat lower concentrations.Indoors,its levels can range from8 to 61 parts p