骆志平-核电厂和研究设施中放射性废物最小化实践.pdf

1、Prof.LUO ZhipingDepartment of Nuclear Safety and Environmental Engineering TechnologyChina Institute of Atomic EnergyShanghai,20250318 1Overview of Radioactive Waste Minimization 01Current Status and Practices02Problems and Challenges03Future Prospects042Overall ObjectiveReduce the volume and radioa

2、ctivity of solid radioactive waste to levels as low as reasonably achievable through source control,recycling,optimized treatment,and management,based on Cost-Benefit Analysis.Basic Principles Safety:Fundamental prerequisite Waste Disposal:Core focus A p p r o a c h:I n t e g r a t e d t e c h n i c

3、 a l&management measures Priorities:Source control;Full-process m a n a g e m e n t;A c c o u n t a b i l i t y a t a l l levels;Continuous improvement3Objective and Principle 1 Overview of Radioactive Waste Minimization IAEA Framework for Full Lifecycle Minimization4The U.S.:From Regulation to Prac

4、tice1.RCRA Legislation(1976)“Waste Minimization Outline”Required2.EPA Waste Minimization Timing Evaluation Manual(1988）Minimization=Source reduction+Recycling3.Extended ImplementationWith the U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)issuing facility-level directives and subsequent reports(e.g.,the 2003 CRP Repo

5、rt No.143),further refining practices in laboratories and small-scale units.1.Foundation Stage(19921995)TECDOC-652:Minimization and Segregation of Radioactive Waste.Technical Report No.377:Minimization of Waste from Nuclear Power Plants and the Back End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle.2.Deepening Stage(19

6、992001)TECDOC-1115:Minimization of Waste from Uranium Purification,Enrichment,and Fuel Fabrication.TECDOC-1130:Recycling and Reuse of Materials and Components.Technical Report No.401:Methods for Waste Minimization in Decontamination and Decommissioning.3.Systematization Stage(20072009)Technical Repo