1、Embodied Artificial Intelligence:Trends and Challenges Rolf Pfeifer and Fumiya Iida Artificial Intelligence Laboratory,Department of Informatics,University of Zurich Andreasstrasse 15,CH-8050 Zurich,Switzerland pfeifer,iidaifi.unizh.ch Abstract.The field of Artificial Intelligence,which started roug

2、hly half a cen-tury ago,has a turbulent history.In the 1980s there has been a major paradigm shift towards embodiment.While embodied artificial intelligence is still highly diverse,changing,and far from“theoretically stable”,a certain consensus about the important issues and methods has been achieve

3、d or is rapidly emerging.In this non-technical paper we briefly characterize the field,summarize its achievements,and identify important issues for future research.One of the fun-damental unresolved problems has been and still is how thinking emerges from an embodied system.Provocatively speaking,th

4、e central issue could be cap-tured by the question“How does walking relate to thinking?”1.Introduction This conference and this paper are about embodied artificial intelligence.If you search for“embodied artificial intelligence”or“embodied cognition”on the Internet using your favorite search engine,

5、you will find a radically smaller number of entries than if you search for“artificial intelligence”or“cognition”.Trying to answer this question of why this might be the case,reveals a lot about the structure of this research field and uncovering its organization is one of the goals of this paper.Ove

6、r the last 50 years Artificial Intelligence(AI)has changed dramatically from a computational discipline into a highly transdisciplinary one that incorporates many different areas.Embodied AI,because of its very nature of being about embodied systems in the real physical and social world,must deal wi