1、Leaving the shore Technical cooperation outcomeADVANCE COPYUNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENTMarine-based substitutes and alternatives to plastics Geneva,2025 2025,United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentThe findings,interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are thos

2、e of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States.The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the

3、legal status of any country,territory,city or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Mention of any firm or licensed process does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations.Photocopies and reproductions of excerpts are allowed with proper credit

4、s.This publication has not been formally edited.UNCTAD/TCS/DITC/INF/2025/4(advance copy)Leaving the shoreMarine-based substitutes and alternatives to plasticsiiiAcknowledgementsThis study was prepared by the Division on International Trade and Commodities of UN Trade and Development(UNCTAD),under th

5、e supervision and guidance of Chantal Line Carpentier,Head of the Trade,Environment,Climate Change and Sustainable Development Branch.David Vivas-Eugui and Henrique Pacini of UNCTAD led the study team.UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges the substantive contributions of Lorenzo Formenti(UNCTAD consultant)

6、,Katniss Xuejiao Li(UNCTAD visiting researcher)and Malick Kane(UNCTAD)in the preparation of the overall study.The technical inputs of Rachid Amui(UNCTAD),Elisabetta Erba(Universit degli Studi di Milano),and Patrizia Silva(environmental biologist)in the writing of chapter 2;Sara Ferro(sustainability