1、Hydrogen Production from Thermal Electricity Constraint ManagementNational Grid ESO&National Gas TransmissionA Network Innovation Allowance funded project2Executive summaryIntroduction and approachWhat are thermal constraints?Use of hydrogen to manage thermal constraints1Executive summary 2Introduct

2、ion and approach 6What are thermal constraints?8Use of hydrogen to manage thermal constraints 14Support mechanisms 24Mapping tool 42Conclusions and next steps 44References and glossary of terms 48Appendix 1 Commercial model 52Appendix 2 Modelling constraints 58Appendix 3 Modular design 66Appendix 4

3、Injecting Hydrogen into the Gas Networks 74Appendix 5 Mapping tool 82ContentsSupport mechanismsMapping toolConclusions and next stepsAppendices2Executive summaryExecutive summaryArup,in partnership with National Grid Electricity System Operator(ESO)and National Gas Transmission(NGT),has investigated

4、 the technical,commercial,and economic case for electrolytic hydrogen production facilities to help manage thermal constraints on the electricity transmission system.As the electricity system has decarbonised over the last decade,large-scale renewables have connected onto the electricity transmissio

5、n network and significant further renewables are expected to connect,to achieve a net zero electricity system by 2035.A substantial amount of renewable generation is expected to come online in the north of the UK whereas the bulk of energy demand is likely to continue to be in the South.The electric

6、ity transmission network needs to be substantially reinforced to enable these power flows,with delivery taking at least 5-10 years for large transmission infrastructure upgrades given consenting and construction timeframes.In the interim,when there is significant renewable generation,regional power