1、Compact Cities Electrified:IndonesiaEXECUTIVE SUMMARY2New research from the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy and the University of California,Davis,finds that Indonesia could feasibly reduce public-sector expenditures on urban transport at the city,provincial,and national levels b

2、y a cumulative$IDR 7,000 trillion through 2050.This can be achieved by using a combination of strategies to support vehicle electrification,compact city planning,and modal shift toward walking,cycling,and public transit.Furthermore,only the combination of these strategies,not any strategy alone,will

3、 be sufficient to approach the countrys commitments to reduce carbon emissions in urban passenger transport.This study investigates four possible scenarios for urban passenger transport in Indonesia:Business as Usual:Indonesias current trends in city planning and vehicle sales,including policies suc

4、h as Presidential Regulation No.55 of 2019 to accelerate growth in the EV industry.Electrification(Only):The fastest feasible replacement of internal-combustion vehicles with electric ones.Mode Shift(Only):The fastest feasible transformation of city planning priorities in favor of com-pact land use

5、and public transport,walking,and bicycling.Electrification+Mode Shift:The combination of the previous two scenarios.The estimated requirements to achieve each scenario and the cumulative public-sector expenditure entailed are shown in Figure A.Percent of newlight-dutyvehicles that areelectricCumulat

6、ivelane-km ofroadwaybuilt 20152050Cumulativetrack-km ofmetro rail built20152050Cumulativelane-km ofbus rapid transitbuilt20152050Cumulativelane-km of protected bikeway built20152050Cumulative public sector expenditure on urban passengertransport 201520502015 Baseline0%2050 Business as Usual20%330,00