美国消费者金融保护局(CFPB)：2022年司法参与的个人及消费者金融市场分析报告（英文版）（44页）.pdf

1、 CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU | JANUARY 2022 Justice-Involved Individuals and the Consumer Financial Marketplace 1 CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU Table of contents Table of contents. 1 Executive summary. 2 1. Introduction . 3 2. Pretrial . 6 2.1 Diversion programs.6 2.2 Securing pretri

2、al release. 8 3. Incarceration . 14 3.1 Payments . 14 3.2 Managing debt and accessing credit . 21 3.3 Consumer reporting . 25 4. Reentry . 27 4.1 Release cards. 27 4.2 Access to banking .29 4.3 Background screening . 30 4.4 Access to business capital . 33 4.5 Access to consumer credit .34 5. Crimina

3、l justice debt . 37 5.1 Assessment of fines and fees . 37 5.2 Debt collection .39 6. Conclusion . 43 Executive summaryFrom arrest to incarceration and reentry, people who come into contact with the justice system are confronted with numerous financial challenges, including financial products and ser

4、vices that too often contain exploitative terms and features, offer little or no consumer choice, and can have long-term negative consequences for the individuals and families affected. This report outlines some of the challenges faced by justice-involved people and their families in navigating thei

5、r finances at each stage of the criminal justice system. The available information raises serious questions about the transparency, fairness, and availability of consumer choice in markets associated with the justice system, as well as demonstrating the pervasive reach of predatory practices targete

6、d at justice-involved individuals. FIGURE 1: KEY FINANCIAL CHALLENGES FOR JUSTICE-INVOLVED INDIVIDUALS At Pretrial Detained people and their families are under duress to accept any commercial bond agreement, regardless of terms or overall costs. Courts and bond agents may impose conditions like elec