1、科 学 认 识 益 生 菌澄清益生菌的 10 个认知误区Probiotics:10 Myths and Misconceptions 科信食品与营养信息交流中心中国疾病与预防控制中心营养与健康所中华预防医学会食品卫生分会中华预防医学会健康传播分会China Food Information Center National Institute for Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Branch of Food Hygiene,Chinese Preventive Medicine As
2、sociationBranch of Health Communication,Chinese Preventive Medicine Association2020.6益生菌(probiotics)和肠道微生物群(gut microbiota,俗称肠道菌群)是近年来国际上的研究热点和社会热议话题。在媒体报道中,益生菌常具有各种健康功效,还能“治疗多种疾病”;但也有部分媒体报道“益生菌无用”,甚至“益生菌有害”。相互矛盾的信息不利于消费者科学认知和合理选择,为此,科信食品与营养信息交流中心联合中国疾控中心营养与健康所、中华预防医学会食品卫生分会、中华预防医学会健康传播分会等专业机构,围绕益生菌
3、的 10 个常见误区加以澄清和解读,供消费者参考。Probiotics and gut microbiota are the research focuses and hot topics on the media in recent years around the world.In media reports,probiotics often have various health benefits and can be used to“treat many diseases”;however,some media reported that probiotics were useless
4、 or even harmful.The contradictory information is not conducive to consumers scientific understanding and reasonable purchase.Therefore,China Food Information Center,together with National Institute for Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Branch of Food Hygiene,Chinese Preven
5、tive Medicine Association,Branch of Health Communication,Chinese Preventive Medicine Association and other professional organizations,hereby clarifies and interprets 10 misconceptions of probiotics to give reference for consumers.2科学认识益生菌益生菌是指一类活的微生物,当摄入足够量时,可对人体健康发挥有益作用,如调节肠道菌群、促进营养物质吸收、调节免疫等作用1-3。
6、乳酸菌一般是指能发酵糖并主要生成乳酸的细菌的总称,它并不是一个严格的微生物分类名称。益生菌不等于乳酸菌。益生菌包含很多菌株,大多数益生菌属于乳酸菌中的双歧杆菌和乳杆菌,如嗜酸乳杆菌、动物双歧杆菌(乳双歧杆菌)、鼠李糖乳杆菌、短双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌等1-3。但并不是所有的乳酸菌都是益生菌,有一些乳酸菌甚至可能对人体是有害。只有健康功效经过科学验证过的、特定的乳酸菌菌株才可以称为益生菌2-3。此外,益生菌也不一定必须属于乳酸菌,某些具有健康功效的酵母菌和芽孢杆菌也可以是益生菌,比如鲍氏酵母菌、凝结芽孢杆菌等2-3。Pr