1、 itif.org How Innovative Is China in Quantum?HODAN OMAAR AND MARTIN MAKARYAN|SEPTEMBER 2024 Chinas lead in quantum communications is undeniable,but its overall quantum prowess is limited;without computing breakthroughs,the United States still holds the upper hand.KEY TAKEAWAYS China leads in quantum

2、 communications,lags behind in computing(where the United States excels),and matches the United States in sensing,excelling in market-ready tech,while the United States dominates high-impact areas.China claims over$15 billion in public quantum funding,far outpacing the United States.While U.S.privat

3、e funding is higher,China offsets its private sector shortfall with massive public investment.Chinas quantum strategy is insular,relying on domestic resources with limited global collaboration.This approach yields rapid gains but poses long-term risks in sustaining complex technology advancements.Go

4、vernment-led industrial hubs such as Hefeis“Quantum Avenue”are pivotal for cultivating Chinas quantum industry,creating a direct pipeline from academic research to strategic,market-ready technologies that serve national priorities.Chinas state control over quantum research and development(R&D)is gro

5、wing,with firms such as Alibaba and Baidu exiting quantum research,aligning innovation with national goals and reducing private sector involvement.China strategically benefits from open innovation environments abroad,selectively engaging with them while protecting its own quantum advances,creating a

6、n asymmetric knowledge-sharing environment.The United States should rapidly scale funding,foster industry-led innovation,and streamline the path from research to market to ensure its quantum leadership translates into real-world economic and strategic gains.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY&INNOVATION FOUNDATI