1、SEPTEMBER 2024Which automakers are shifting to green steel?An analysis of steel supply chains and future commitments to fossil-free steelMARTA NEGRI,ANH BUI,YSAK ORDONEZ,GEORG BIEKER,AND AARON ISENSTADTACKNOWLEDGMENTSFunding for this work was generously provided by the European Climate Foundation an

2、d ClimateWorks Foundation.The authors thank Chris Alford with the Sunrise Project,Fanny Tausendteufel with Agora Verkehrswende,Katinka Lund Waagsaether with SteelWatch,Kate Kalinova with Solutions For Our Climate,Jean-Philippe Hermine with IDDRI,and ICCT colleagues Dan Rutherford,Peter Mock,Stephani

3、e Searle,Zifei Yang,and Zhihang Meng for their critical reviews and inputs.International Council on Clean Transportation 1500 K Street NW,Suite 650 Washington,DC 20005communicationstheicct.org|www.theicct.org|TheICCT 2024 International Council on Clean Transportation(ID 197)iICCT REPORT|WHICH AUTOMA

4、KERS ARE SHIFTING TO GREEN STEEL?EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSteel manufacturing is responsible for 7%of global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,the highest percentage among all industry sectors.According to the International Energy Agencys Net Zero scenario,the steel industry will need to expand fossil-free steel

5、 production capacities and reduce its GHG emissions by 25%by 2030 to be on a pathway to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.The automotive industry,the second-largest consumer of steel at 12%in 2022,is uniquely positioned to support investments in fossil-free steel production.This is because of its h

6、igh demand for primary steel,usually characterized by a higher quality and higher cost compared to other sectors,its higher exposure to consumers and public pressure,and the relatively low impact of higher steel costs on the total vehicle price.This study estimates the GHG emissions intensity of ste