联合国：2018年贸易和发展报告（英文版（162页）.pdf

1、TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2018 U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T POWER, PLATFORMS AND THE FREE TRADE DELUSION UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2018 POWER, PLATFORMS AND THE FREE TRADE DELUSION Repo

2、rt by the secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2018 Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures.Mentionofsuchasymbolindicatesa referencetoaUnitedNationsdocument. Thedesignationsemployed

3、andthepresentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerningthelegalstatusofanycountry, territory,cityorarea,orofitsauthorities,or concerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersor boundaries. Mat

4、erialinthispublicationmaybefreely quotedorreprinted,butacknowledgement isrequested,togetherwithareferencetothe documentnumber.Acopyofthepublication containingthequotationorreprintshould besenttotheUNCTADsecretariat; e-mail: gdsinfounctad.org. Thispublicationhasbeeneditedexternally. Note UNCTAD/TDR/2

5、018 UNITEDNATIONSPUBLICATION Sales No.E.18.II.D.7 ISBN978-92-1-112931-1 eISBN978-92-1-047322-4 ISSN0255-4607 CopyrightUnitedNations,2018 Allrightsreserved iii Foreword Theworldeconomyisagainunderstress.Theimmediatepressuresarebuildingaroundescalatingtariffsand volatilefinancialflowsbutbehindthesethr

6、eatstoglobalstabilityisawiderfailure,since2008,toaddress theinequitiesandimbalancesofourhyperglobalizedworld. Thegrowingmountainofdebt,morethanthreetimesthesizeofglobaloutput,issymbolicofthatfailure. Whilethepublicsectorinadvancedeconomieshasbeenobligedtoborrowmoresincethecrisis,itisthe rapidgrowtho