2020算法的道德：算法对人工智能系统道德的贡献 - 恩智浦（英文版）（14页）.pdf

1、THE MORALS OF ALGORITHMS A contribution to the ethics of AI systems 2 When discussing artificial intelligence (AI) with researchers and scientists, one can easily pick up on their enthusiastic optimism about the tremendous potential that AI-based applications carry for the whole of humankind. This i

2、ncludes machine learning, a subset of AI, which uses computer algorithms to automatically learn and improve from environmental data without being explicitly programmed. From detecting COVID-19 in x-ray and CT scans, to diagnosing skin or breast cancer far more reliably than any human physician could

3、, preventing road fatalities, detecting illegal rainforest logging or fighting wildlife poaching: Machine-trained AI systems provide the means to tackle some of the worlds most challenging health crises, social problems and environmental issues, potentially helping hundreds of millions of people in

4、advanced, developing and emerging countries. At the same time, there is increasing concern over potential threats that AI-powered systems pose. Not every new AI application is suitable to instill trust in peoples hearts and minds. From racist chatbots, to discriminating algorithms or sexist recruitm

5、ent tools, there are regular reports about instances of AI gone wrong. Rapidly advancing forms of artificial intelligence can prevent accidents and improve transportation, health care and scientific research. Or, they can violate human rights by enabling mass surveillance, driving cyber attacks and

6、spreading false news. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 1 TEACHING MORALS TO MACHINES: THE BASICS The fundamental ethical dilemma surrounding the questions of how to teach AI values and how to ensure our ethical preferences can be embedded in code will accompany us for quite some time. Casting ethical values int