1、 NEW FORMS OF WORK AND PLATFORM WORK IN THE SOUTHERN AND EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN Regional report NEW FORMS OF WORK AND PLATFORM WORK IN THE SOUTHERN AND EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN|02 This report was prepared by PPMI for the ETF.The contents of the report are the sole responsibility of the author(s)and do n

2、ot necessarily reflect the views of the EU institutions.European Training Foundation,2024 Reproduction is authorised,provided the source is acknowledged.NEW FORMS OF WORK AND PLATFORM WORK IN THE SOUTHERN AND EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN|03 Preface Social,economic and technological changes have given rise

3、to new forms of employment,many of which are very different from traditional types of work.These new modes transform the usual one-to-one relationship between employer and employee.They are characterised by unconventional work patterns and contractual relationships,as well as non-traditional places,

4、durations and schedules of work,the increased use of information and communication technologies(ICT),or a combination of the above(Mandl,2020).As in the regular economy,flows of capital and labour are the two key elements of the collaborative and platform economy.Examining these flows allows us to d

5、istinguish between two types of collaborative online platforms(Farrell and Greig,2016):digital labour platforms that connect customers with professionals(freelancers)or contingent workers who carry out specific projects or assignments(e.g.TaskRabbit,Freelancer,Deliveroo,Uber)these platforms are the

6、focus of this study.digital capital platforms that connect consumers with providers who lend money,lease assets or sell goods(e.g.Airbnb,HomeAway,Etsy,Amazon,eBay)these platforms fall outside the scope of this study.This ETF study focuses on work on online and on-location digital labour platforms an