1、1 Page|Page|1 1 1.Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases as“Super Greenhouse Gases”According to the World Meteorological Organization(WMO),2023 was the warmest year on record,with global near-surface average temperatures about 1.45(0.12)C above pre-industrial levelsdangerously close to the Paris Agreements 1.

2、5 C limit.1 As climate change worsens,more ambition is urgently needed.Fluorinated greenhouse gases(F-Gases)regulated by the Kyoto Protocol include hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs),perfluorocarbons(PFCs),sulfur hexafluoride(SF6),and nitrogen trifluoride(NF3).2 Despite making up only 3%of total emissions,3 t

3、hese gases have a much higher Global Warming Potential(GWP)(Fig.1).For instance,SF6 has a greenhouse effect up to 25,200 times stronger than CO2 over a 100-year period,making it one of the most powerful greenhouse gases(GHGs)(Table 1).According to the IPCC Synthesis Report,F-Gases have contributed a

4、round 0.1 C to historical global warming,while carbon dioxide,the main GHG,has accounted for a 0.8 C rise in temperatures.4.Figure 1Figure 1 Global share of GHGs emissions(2023)Table 1Table 1 GWP values for F-Gases(CO2 GWP100=1)GasGas Life CycleLife Cycle（YearsYears）GWP100GWP100 HFC-23 228 14600 HFC

5、-32 5.4 771 HFC-125 30 3740 HFC-134a 14 1530 PFC-14 50000 7380 PFC-116 10000 12400 SF6 3200 25200 NF3 569 17400 Source:Source:UNEP,Emissions Gap Report 2024 SourceSource：IPCC,AR6 Report 1 World Meteorological Association.(2024).State of the global climate 2023.2 Nitrogen trifluoride(NF3)was not cove

6、red by the Kyoto Protocol adopted in 1997;however,the Kyoto Protocol,which came into effect on December 31,2020,brought NF3 under control.Chinas most recent national GHG inventory is for 2018 data and has not yet included NF3.3 United Nations Environment Programme.(2024).Emissions Gap Report 2024.4