1、Recycling of Critical MineralsStrategies to scale up recycling and urban miningA World Energy Outlook Special ReportThe IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil,gas and coal supply and demand,renewable energy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,de

2、mand side management and much more.Through its work,the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability,affordability and sustainability of energy in its 31 member countries,13 association countries and beyond.This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status

3、of or sovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.Source:IEA.International Energy Agency Website:www.iea.orgIEA member countries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGerman

4、yGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TrkiyeUnited KingdomUnited StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEAIEA association countries:Argentina BrazilChinaEgyp

5、tIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingapore South Africa Thailand UkraineINTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCYRecycling of Critical Minerals Abstract PAGE|3 IEA.CC BY 4.0.Abstract As the shift to a clean energy system accelerates,substantial investments in new mines and refining capacity,especially in geograph

6、ically diverse regions,will be required to produce essential minerals such as copper,lithium,nickel,cobalt and rare earths.Recycling is indispensable to the security and sustainability of critical minerals supply for clean energy transitions.While recycling does not eliminate the need for mining inv