1、 Employment and Social Developments in Europe 2024 European Commission Directorate-General for Employment,Social Affairs and Inclusion Directorate F Manuscript completed in September 2024 This publication was prepared in the Directorate-General of Employment,Social Affairs and Inclusion under the su

2、pervision of Mario Nava(Director-General),Barbara Kauffmann(Director,Employment and Social Governance,Analysis)and Elva Bova(Head of Unit,Analysis and Statistics).The main contributors from the Directorate-General of Employment,Social Affairs and Inclusion were Lorise Moreau,Argyrios Pisiotis,Erik P

3、aessler,Jakub Caisl,Anna Lalova,Karolina Gralek,Eva Schoenwald,Nora Wukovits-Votzi,Alessia Fulvimari and Nadja Najjar under the coordination of Katarina Jaksic and Argyrios Pisiotis;the latter also wrote the Executive Summary.The report includes contributions by Markus Sommersgutter,Mathis Porchez,O

4、livier Bontout,Joint Research Centre experts Alberto Mazzon,Andrea Papini,Chrysa Leventi,Ana Agundez Garcia,Tryfonas Christou,Abin Garca-Rodrguez,Nicholas Lazarou,Simone Salotti,Sara Flisi,Josep Amer Mestre,Matthias Weitzel,Rafael Garaffa,Camille van Der Vorst and Fabio Berton and OECD experts Vanda

5、 Almeida,Carlotta Balestra,Stew Butler,Luiz Hermida,Sebastian Knigs,Anne Lauringson,Marius Lske,Judd Ormsby,Matija Vodopivec,and Theodora Xenogiani.The report has benefited from comments and suggestions received from many colleagues in various Directorate-Generals of the European Commission,includin

6、g Alfonso Arpaia and Anais Gradinger.It also benefited from conscientious editing and proofreading by Grinne Murphy,as well as from diligent clerical support by Evita Grzibovska.For the data presented in this report,the cut-off date for the extraction was 19 August 2024 unless otherwise specified.Ca