1、Reinforced access stratum security for 6GWhite paperMobile networks are essential for fostering inclusive and sustainable global economic growth.Achieving this requires networks that are trustworthy,secure,and resilient.Network security is achieved through a comprehensive approach that begins with r

2、esearch and standardization.Nokia is a strong advocate of open and global security standards as this adheres to the confidence in the reliability of the specified security features.For many years,Nokia has been at the forefront of researching and standardizing innovative,secure and resilient algorit

3、hms and protocols.As of now,security standardization for 5G has reached a high level of maturity,and research on 6G security is already underway.Building upon the robust foundation established by advanced 5G security features,6G security will harness the advancements from ongoing pre-standardization

4、 efforts in quantum-safe networks,including Post Quantum Cryptography(PQC),privacy-enhancing technologies,zero trust and cloud-native architectures,secure API exposure,security for AI,and AI for security.The ongoing research in 6G security is closely intertwined with the development of 6G systems an

5、d architectures,emphasizing a secure by design approach.These developments also encompass lower-layer security considerations detailed in this paper.This integrated approach ensures that 6G networks will embody state-of-the-art security principles.At Nokia,we have been working on how to ensure nativ

6、e security for medium access control layer in 6G.LTE/4G and 5G have put encryption and integrity protection for the radio interface into the upper part of the layer two(L2)radio protocol stack,leaving lower layers such as the medium access control(MAC)layer without cryptographic protection due to th