1、Comparing the European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism,the Clean Competition Act,and the Foreign Pollution Fee ActAComparing the European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism,the Clean Competition Act,and the Foreign Pollution Fee ActMilan Elkerbout,Ray Kopp,and Kevin RennertReport 23-1

2、8 December 2023Resources for the FutureiAbout the AuthorsMilan Elkerbout is a fellow at RFF working on international climate policy and on European climate policies to decarbonize energy-intensive industries in particular.He has worked extensively on the European Unions emissions trading system(EU E

3、TS),its various reforms,and its role in decarbonizing industry.Elkerbout has led policy research on green steel,carbon capture and carbon removals,carbon leakage,climate clubs,as well as the EUs response to the COVID-19 pandemic,energy crisis,and US Inflation Reduction Act.He has also written on ind

4、ustrial and innovation policy,the trade-climate policy nexus,and supranational governance,and has worked with policymakers,industry,civil society,and academia.Elkerbout has a background in European political economy.Between 2014 and 2023,he was working for CEPS,a policy think tank in Brussels,as a r

5、esearch fellow and head of its climate program.From spring 2019,he spent a year as a visiting fellow at IVL Stockholm as part of the Mistra Carbon Exit research program.Raymond Kopp is a senior fellow at Resources for the Future(RFF).He holds PhD and MA degrees in economics and an undergraduate degr

6、ee in finance.He has been a member of the RFF research staff since 1977 and has held a variety of management positions within the institution.Kopps interest in environmental policy began in the late 1970s,when he developed techniques to measure the effect of pollution control regulations on the econ