1、U.S.Department of the InteriorU.S.Geological SurveyMINERAL COMMODITY SUMMARIES 2024SiliconSilverSoda AshStoneStrontiumSulfurTalcTantalumTelluriumThalliumThoriumTinTitaniumTungstenVanadiumVermiculiteWollastoniteYttriumZeolitesZincZirconiumMercuryMicaMolybdenumNickelNiobiumNitrogenPalladiumPeatPerlite

2、Phosphate RockPlatinumPotashPumiceQuartzRare EarthsRheniumRubidiumSaltSand and GravelScandiumSeleniumFluorsparGalliumGarnetGemstonesGermaniumGoldGraphiteGypsumHafniumHeliumIndiumIodineIron and SteelIron OreIron Oxide PigmentsKyaniteLeadLimeLithiumMagnesiumManganeseAbrasivesAluminumAntimonyArsenicAsb

3、estosBariteBauxiteBerylliumBismuthBoronBromineCadmiumCementCesiumChromiumClaysCobaltCopperDiamondDiatomiteFeldsparCover:Photograph of microchips,also known as integrated circuits(ICs),on a semiconductor wafer.Microchips have become an integral part of daily life,as they are essentially the brain of

4、modern electronics found in everything from computers,communication devices,medical and healthcare technology,vehicle and transportation systems,satellites,military systems,clean energy technology,wireless networks,the Internet of Things(IoT),and countless other applications.Advances in semiconducto

5、r and microchip technology have enabled the development of more compact,faster,more powerful,more reliable,and less expensive electronic devices.Gallium(p.74)and silicon(p.160)are two important materials in modern semiconductor technology.Gallium,which is extracted from bauxite(aluminum)and zinc ore

6、s,used in the form of gallium arsenide(GaAs)and gallium nitride(GaN)on a silicon substrate,offers superior semiconductor performance compared to silicon,including higher electron mobility,optical features,and higher energy efficiency,making it the preferred material of choice for high-performance an