1、World Energy Outlook Special ReportStrategies for Affordable and Fair Clean Energy TransitionsINTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCYIEA member countries:Australia Austria BelgiumCanadaCzech Republic DenmarkEstoniaFinland France Germany Greece HungaryIreland ItalyJapanKoreaLithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands

2、 New Zealand NorwayPoland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Republic of Trkiye United Kingdom United StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEAIEA association countries:Argentina BrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailan

3、dUkraineThe IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil,gas and coal supply and demand,renewable energy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand side management and much more.Through its work,the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliabi

4、lity,affordability and sustainability of energy in its 31 member countries,13 association countries and beyond.This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to th

5、e name of any territory,city or area.Source:IEA.International Energy Agency Website:www.iea.orgRevised version,June 2024 Information notice found at:www.iea.org/correctionsForeword 3 Foreword The last few years have been tough for many energy consumers around the world,with high energy prices puttin

6、g a lot of pressure on the cost of living.The effects have been most severe for low-income countries and households.This has rightly put issues of affordability and fairness at the centre of the energy debate.For an honest assessment of the situation,we need to be clear about where these pressures o