1、NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARDSCIENCE&ENGINEERING INDICATORS 2024Higher EducationHigher Education in Science and EngineeringNSB-2023-32November 16,2023This publication is part of the 2024 edition of the Science and Engineering Indicators(Indicators)suite of reports.Indicators is prepared under the guidance

2、of the National Science Board by the National Science Foundations National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics.The Indicators suite consists of a summary report called The State of U.S.Science and Engineering,more-detailed thematic reports with supporting data,and a data tool that provides

3、 state-level indicators.National Science Board|Science&Engineering Indicators|NSB-2023-322National Science Board|Science&Engineering Indicators|NSB-2023-323Table of Contents 7Executive Summary 8Introduction 12Institutions in S&E Higher Education 13Minority-Serving Institutions 17Community Colleges 2

4、1For-Profit Institutions 23Geographic Differences 25Online Education 28Trends in S&E Degree Awards 36Characteristics of S&E Degree Recipients 36S&E Degrees by Sex 38S&E Degrees,by Race and Ethnicity 41S&E Higher Education:Cost,Financial Aid,and Debt 44International Students in U.S.S&E Higher Educati

5、on 53International Comparisons of S&E Higher Education 53Educational Attainment 55S&E First University Degrees 58S&E Doctoral Degrees 60S&E Degree Production Intensity 63Conclusion 64Glossary 64Definitions 65Key to Acronyms and Abbreviations 67References 71NotesNational Science Board|Science&Enginee

6、ring Indicators|NSB-2023-324 73Acknowledgments and Citation 73Acknowledgments 73Citation 74Technical Appendix 74Methodology Notes for International Degree Data 76Contact Us 76Report Authors 76NCSESList of Sidebars 59Considerations for International Comparisons of S&E Doctoral Degrees 10Higher Educat