世界经济论坛：2010-2020年能源领域的全球创新[23页].pdf

1、White Paper May 2020 Global Innovations from the Energy Sector 2010-2020 3Global Innovations from the Energy Sector 2010-2020 Introduction Much progress has been made by the energy industry to accelerate sustainable energy innovation1 during the past decade. Driven by China, the wind and solar photo

2、voltaic (PV) industries have demonstrated their ability to lower energy costs in the past 10 years. The global benchmark price for solar has dropped 84% and for wind by over 50% since 2010.2 Wind and solar have started on a global average to outperform newly built fossil fuel-based electricity gener

3、ation in terms of cost. In many parts of the world, the cost of energy from wind and solar PV is now lower than new coal and gas plants. Innovation across the supply chain, within the manufacturing plants, as well as module efficiency and blade-size innovations contributed to these reductions.3 Mean

4、while, the price of lithium-ion battery storage has dropped by approximately 85% since 2012. The fact that the three scientists responsible for the development of lithium-ion batteries, starting back in the 1970s, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019, highlights how important this energy source

5、has become over the past decade.4 In parallel, innovations in hydraulic fracturing and horizonal drilling (or fracking) have resulted in a technological revolution in natural gas and oil extraction. In the past three to four years, the United States, which led many of the developments in this area,

6、became an energy-producing superpower as a result. In 2019, the World Economic Forums International Energy Community in China decided to launch a competition to highlight examples of disruptive innovations coming from the energy sector over the past decade. Between September and December 2019, the s