1、 White Paper Carbon Credits for Off-grid Solar in Sub-Saharan Africa Lessons from Energy-access Companies in the Voluntary Carbon-credit Market June 2023 Authored by Carbon Credits for Off-grid Solar in Sub-Saharan Africa 1 Content ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY.2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.3 1.VOLUNTARY CARBON

2、MARKET(VCM).5 MARKET FORECAST.8 MARKET DYNAMICS.9 CRITICISM AND RISKS OF THE VOLUNTARY CARBON MARKET.10 2.MARKET TRANSFORMATION.11 EMERGING STANDARDS AND METHODOLOGIES.11 TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN CARBON-CREDIT APPLICATIONS.12 3.THE AFRICAN VOLUNTARY CARBON MARKET.13 REGIONAL IMPLICATIONS.13 AFRICA CARBON M

3、ARKETS INITIATIVE(ACMI).13 4.CARBON-CREDIT PRICING.14 CORPORATE COMMITMENTS.14 5.CHALLENGES AND NEEDS IN THE VOLUNTARY CARBON MARKET.15 MARKET CHALLENGES.15 MARKET SOLUTIONS.15 6.CARBON-CREDIT STRATEGIES.17 DESIGNING CARBON PROJECTS WITH CARBON REDUCTION AND OFFSET ALLIANCE(ICROA)STANDARDS.17 7.LESS

4、ONS FROM OFF-GRID SOLAR COMPANIES.21 CARBON-CREDIT PROJECTS DO NOT HAVE A ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL SOLUTION.22 A COMPLEMENTARY REVENUE STREAM DOES NOT SUBSTITUTE EQUITY FUNDRAISING.23 SELECTING THE RIGHT METHODOLOGY.23 MANAGEMENT BUY-IN IS NECESSARY FOR CARBON-CREDIT PROGRAMS TO SUCCEED.24 SIX-MONTH ACTION

5、 PLAN TO ISSUE CARBON CREDITS FOR AN AFRICAN SOLAR COMPANY.24 8.BUSINESS-CASE TOOLBOX.26 CARBON-CREDIT CALCULATOR.26 PRICE SENSITIVITY.26 ISSUANCE BUDGET.26 RETURN-ON-INVESTMENT CALCULATOR.27 9.APPENDIX.28 Carbon Credits for Off-grid Solar in Sub-Saharan Africa 2 Abbreviations and glossary Abbreviat

6、ions ACMI Africa Carbon Markets Initiative CAGR compound annual growth rate CDM Clean Development Mechanism GHG greenhouse gas ICROA International Carbon Reduction and Offset Alliance MRV measurement,reporting,and verification tCO2e tons of carbon-dioxide equivalent UN United Nations VCM voluntary c