1、Energy Policy ReviewSwitzerland 2023The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil,gas and coal supply and demand,renewable energy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand side management and much more.Through its work,the IEA advocates policies t

2、hat will enhance the reliability,affordability and sustainability of energy in its 31 member countries,13 association countries and beyond.This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of international fronti

3、ers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.Source:IEA.International Energy Agency Website:www.iea.orgIEA member countries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew Zeal

4、andNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TrkiyeUnited KingdomUnited StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEAIEA association countries:Argentina BrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingapore South Africa Thailand UkraineINTERNA

5、TIONAL ENERGYAGENCY 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ENERGY INSIGHTS Executive summary.9 Key recommendations.12 1.General energy policy.13 Country overview.13 Energy supply and demand.16 Key policies.18 Measures to ensure short-term energy security during the winters of 2022/23 and 2023/24.24 Hydrogen.25 Assessm

6、ent.26 Recommendations.28 ENERGY SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION 2.Energy and climate change.29 Overview.29 Energy-related GHG emissions drivers and GHG intensity.30 Energy-related GHG emissions.31 Climate targets.32 Climate policies.33 Carbon capture and storage and carbon dioxide removal.39 Adaptation and r