1、ASSISTED DRIVINGThe engineering behind the new automotive business modelINTRODUCTIONDriving automation takes many forms:warning functions,active safety functions,and conditional driving automation through to fully autonomous vehicles.A third of new cars already have some form of assisted driving.SAE

2、 International(formerly the Society of Automotive Engineers)classify ADAS(Advanced Driver Assistance Systems)in six levels,relating to both the feature capability and what the driver needs to do.These levels represent the progression that automotive companies are working through.Level 0 means no aut

3、omated vehicle control.Level 1 and 2 functions such as Adaptative Cruise Control or Lane Keeping Assist assist the driver but require continuous“Eyes On”and“Mind On”.A new category,L2+,was introduced in 2018 which combines sensors and precision map data to support lane keeping and changing in more c

4、omplex scenarios such as poor road markings and roundabouts.Level 3 will let the vehicle make some decisions such as changing lanes but drivers must be ready to step in.Level 4 involves autonomous driving under limited conditions such as a robo-taxi in a specified area designed to accommodate it.Lev

5、el 5 is fully autonomous.Progressing through these classifications involves mastering the interaction between the driver,the vehicle and the operational domain of the ADAS feature.These systems will be hard to develop,but once cracked they will become key differentiators for customers.Once developed

6、,they represent high-margin/low-overhead offers which can be sold or leased virtually.Tesla already has a significant revenue stream from selling assisted driving add-ons post-sale.But getting there presents technical,organizational and regulatory challenges.The technologies required to develop Assi