关于玻璃破碎的最新研究成果.pdf

1、Recent Findings on Glass-BreakagePV ModuleTech Europe Malaga,SpainSteven Xuereb,Executive Director2 December 2025Kiwa PI Berlin2Kiwa PI Berlin:Trusted Solar and Storage Advisors1,000+Factory Audits Conducted across PV Modules,BESS,Inverters and Transformers175+GWPV Production Capacity Evaluated20+GW

2、Technical Advisor and Owners Engineering Roles3 PV Labs in Key Markets Germany,China,USA(PVEL)Ein Bild,das Luftfotografie,Vogelperspektive,Luftbild,drauen enthlt.KI-generierte Inhalte knnen fehlerhaft sein.1.Factors leading to more glassbreakage2.Factory findings3.Lab tests and findings4.Field findi

3、ngs5.Summary of potential causes6.Action plan for the industry3AgendaKiwa PI Berlin1.Module DesignMore than 80%of all modules manufactured noware glass/glassModule size has more than doubled in last 10 yearsThree junction box holes at module centre,instead of one at the topMounting holes still at sa

4、me distance leading tohigher bending stressesFrame width and thickness shrinking4FactorsLeading to More Glass BreakageLess rigidLoad bearingHigher stressesS41640 mm2256 mmKiwa PI BerlinKiwa PI Berlin5FactorsLeading to More Glass Breakage2.Glass QualityGlass/backsheet modules used 3.2mm fully tempere

5、d glass High flexural strength and a larger range of temperature resistance Glass/glass modules currently on the market are using 2mm heat strengthened glass 50%lower bending strength and temperature resistanceWeakerMore sensitive to impactMore sensitive to operational loadsMaterialFlexuralstrengthT

6、emperaturechange resistanceFloat glass45 N/mm40 KHeat strengthened glass70 N/mm100 KTempered glass120 N/mm200 K6Manufacturing defects can be identified during independent Pre-shipment Inspection(PSI)Directly impacting glass breakage risk Glass damage Frame assembly Sealant Factory F PI BerlinFrame S