然而，SEMA市场研究机构预计，到2022年底，大多数问题将改善到更正常的水平。尽管到2023年，汽车价格可能仍将居高不下，但研究人员预计，产品短缺、运输延迟和商品价格上涨的情况将有所改善，这些都将对.
2022-04-11
11页
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运输距离超过500英里的货物的需求依然强劲，因为企业迫切需要保持库存。自大流行开始以来，多式联运的市场份额已被长途卡车所取代，损失超过1%。一些业内高管认为，铁路公司每周可以增加处理2万到3万次货物。.
2022-04-11
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据预测，到2030年，中型和重型商用车的全球销量将达到每年330万辆，复合年增长率为2%。其中，中国将售出110万辆，美国将售出50万辆，欧洲将售出40万辆，这是全球三大市场。重要的是，经济政策和商业.
2022-04-07
19页
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对于公路运输而言，这意味着在2030年之前，每年将增加40亿欧元的前期投资。将投资持续到2030年。道路运输是短期和中期脱碳潜力较大的行业，2018年占欧盟运输总排放量的71%。
2022-04-06
21页
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许多贸易组织表示，尽管英国企业已做好应对新协议的准备，但人们仍然担心，欧洲企业将需要一段时间来适应新协议，这最终会给本已脆弱的供应链带来更大压力。
2022-04-06
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InterVISTAS ConsultingAThe Future of Advanced Air Mobility(AAM)The Future of Advanced Air Mobility(AAM)and What it Means for AirportsInterVISTAS Consulting01The Future of Advanced Air Mobility(AAM)This new mode of air transportation is often referred to as Advanced Air Mobility(AAM),and it is expected to revolutionize segments of the aviation industry.So,it is probably not surprising that interest in this evolution is growing globally,both from investors and engineering startups,to be part of what is already a multi-billion-dollar industry.(More than$6 billion in capital has been invested in the AAM sector in 2020 and to date 2021,alone.)According to the latest estimates by the Vertical Flight Society,there are more than 300 electric and hybrid-electric vertical and landing aircraft concepts being developed worldwide.1 Electrification of aircraft with innovation-driven engineering advances and high degrees of automation are enabling new ways of transporting goods and people in urban,suburban,and rural environments,in an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective way.1 eVTOL Aircraft Directory by the Vertical Flight Society,https:/dev.vtol.org/aircraft/InterVISTAS Consulting02The Future of Advanced Air Mobility(AAM)VOLOCOPTERGermany$620M1 passengerPiloted25 miles,70 mph2023CountryMarket CapNumber of PassengersOperationRange,speedEntry into serviceARCHERCA,USA$1.6B4 passengersPiloted60 miles,150 mph2024JOBYCA,USA$5.3B4 passengersPiloted150 miles,200 mph2024LILIUMGermany$2.6B6 passengersPiloted155 miles,175 mph2025BETAVT,USA$1.4BCargo or 5 passengersPiloted250 miles2024EHANGChina$1.4B2 passengersAutonomous25 miles,80 mph2022VERTICAL AEROSACAPEUnited Kingdom$2.2B4 passengersPiloted100 miles,200 mph2024InterVISTAS Consulting03The Future of Advanced Air Mobility(AAM)What is AAM and where will it be deployed first?The first AAM use cases will likely include cargo and medical transport services,with passenger transport following.Clearly,air cargo may prove an early case,given issues regarding safety,insurance,and cautious operating models.Cargo is also more likely to operate between airports,warehouses,and distribution centers located away from residential areas,gradually building confidence and growing acceptance of these new type of vehicles among the public.As three-dimensional mobility(adding a vertical airspace component to two-dimensional ground surface travel)is expected to provide significant travel time savings,passenger transport will focus on intra-city(companies like EHang,Volocopter),inter-city(companies like Archer and Joby),and regional air mobility(companies like Vertical and Lilium).This means that large hub airports near congested cities may see AAM first as a form of shuttle service between the airport and downtown,starting with premium clientele before a wider adoption among the public.Perhaps in the more mid-term,regional and general aviation airports are also likely to benefit from AAM,preserving or enhancing regional connectivity,making flights to smaller markets a possibility.AAM could connect communities that have historically been underserved or not served at all,without substantial investment costs or real estate footprints.AAM involves new types of aircraft operating in the airspace.In the urban environment,electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing(eVTOL)aircraft with a typical seating capacity of three to four passengers will likely be the first to enter the market.These aircraft can takeoff and land like a helicopter,but they do so with a significantly less noise and at a lower operating cost.Initially most of these aircraft are expected to be piloted(leading to faster certification and entry to market)and as technology matures,they are likely to become autonomous later in time.In the suburban and regional context eVTOL,electric Conventional Takeoff and Landing(eCTOL)and electric Short Takeoff and Landing(eSTOL)aircraft are all likely to operate.eSTOL aircraft are similar to conventional aircraft,as they do need a runway,but the required runway length can be as little as 100 to 300 feet,meaning that existing athletic fields,open spaces,and rooftops of warehouses or large buildings could serve as potential“runway”candidates.InterVISTAS Consulting04The Future of Advanced Air Mobility(AAM)The promising low operating cost and the new capabilities provided by these aircraft are also attracting airlines who are committed to decarbonizing aviation in their future plans.United Airlines,American Airlines,Azul,GOL,Japan Airlines,Virgin Atlantic and UPS,among others,have already expressed interest to purchase over a thousand eVTOL aircraft.Even if only a small fraction of these orders become actual deliveries,there is no doubt that airlines see this new kind of air mobility as a key part of their product and service offerings.InterVISTAS Consulting05The Future of Advanced Air Mobility(AAM)Infrastructure will be a crucial enabler for AAM.As a recent study by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency(EASA)found,the biggest challenge for AAM is expected to be infrastructure(ground infrastructure needed to takeoff and land,park and charge vehicles,as well as to perform necessary maintenance),followed by safety,and noise.2 The infrastructure for AAM will have requirements both from the customer(passenger experience)and aircraft(operations)perspective.In cities,existing heliports(helicopter takeoff and landing areas)provide an opportunity for eVTOL aircraft operations.However,the number of public use heliports is relatively low and their locations are often not ideal given that they were designed with helicopter noise footprints in mind.(The latest FAA heliport design guide,Advisory Circular 150/5390-2C,is based on risks associated with helicopter operations with single Infrastructure:Crucial enabler and biggest hurdle for AAMrotors that may not be fully applicable to AAM aircraft.The FAAs Office of Airports is currently developing a new vertiport Advisory Circular for regulatory guidance specifically for eVTOL aircraft related infrastructure,expected to be published in the coming years.Meanwhile,an interim Engineering Brief guiding document is expected in 2022.)As a result,many AAM companies are taking a different approach to infrastructure planning by designing their own vertiports(eVTOL aircraft takeoff and landing area)and forming strategic partnerships with real estate developers and operators.For example,Archer and Joby Aviation recently announced their partnership with REEF Technology to develop takeoff and landing sites for their aerial ridesharing services.3,4 REEF is one of the largest parking garage operators in the U.S.,giving access to Archer and Joby to operate from hundreds if not thousands of garage rooftop locations across large metropolitan areas in the country.In Florida,Lilium has partnered with Tavistock and the City of Orlando to build a network of vertiports and to create Liliums first AAM network in the U.S.5 Other companies,like Beta,are building and deploying their own network of charging stations across the country.It appears that no matter what path AAM companies take to establish the necessary ground infrastructure that supports their operations,they are mostly aiming for exclusive use,highly specialized facilities that provide the best experience to their passengers and the optimal ground support for their aircraft.One environment,however,where multiple AAM operators and aircraft of different types and sizes may all converge,is at airports.Airports face the challenge of accommodating eVTOL,eSTOL,and eCTOL aircraft of various size and capability with various battery charging or swapping needs,into their current and future operations.As the leading aircraft manufacturing companies are targeting certification,testing,and initial entry to market completed as early as 2024,airports need to start planning for the arrival of AAM today.2 Study on the societal acceptance of Urban Air Mobility in Europe,EASA,May 19,20213 https:/ https:/ 5 https:/ InterVISTAS Consulting06The Future of Advanced Air Mobility(AAM)While integrating AAM aircraft into existing airport operations has the potential to bring significant benefits to the airport and the surrounding communities,maximizing the long-term added value requires early planning.Initial proof-of-concept type flights and low service volume operations may require no to very little changes to current airport infrastructure,but as more and more AAM aircraft will be deployed,the requirements and challenges associated with these operations are likely to grow as well.Airspace integration will be a key first step toward AAM operations at airports.Just like for conventional aircraft,airports(and air traffic control services)will need to provide controlled airspace access to AAM aircraft,allowing them to operate safety and independently from each other.Large airports in busy metropolitan areas may already have rotary arrival and departure procedures established that can provide a foundation for AAM operations.However,the operational and flight performance differences between eVTOL aircraft and helicopters will need to be considered.For example,helicopters typically have a longer endurance and are capable of hovering for a longer time than eVTOL aircraft.For eVTOL aircraft vertical flight is the most battery draining phase of flight,therefore minimizing the arrival and departure stages of the journey should be key.Takeoff and landing areas will need to remain clear to minimize delays or interruptions to air traffic.Battery performance of eVTOL aircraft can be significantly extended if one end of the flight can be performed on a runway as a conventional aircraft.Once AAM aircraft are on the ground,they will need a place to drop-off and to board passengers while charging and servicing the vehicles.Since the AAM industry is built around the idea of time savings,the aircraft staging area will need to be located such that taxi in and taxi out times for aircraft and walking distances for passengers are minimized.This will require an obstacle free environment,preferably in close proximity of passenger terminals.At large hub airports,available land is often limited,which means that repurposing existing infrastructure for AAM use is more likely than building brand new facilities.A future vertiport will likely replace an existing facility that currently serves a different function.Finding such a location or facility may be a challenge given that most airports are space constrained,and any new real estate takes careful planning and a long lead time to implement.Integrating AAM into the airport environment is a complex task,touching everything from parking to airspaceInterVISTAS Consulting07The Future of Advanced Air Mobility(AAM)One plausible airport area for AAM operations is on the secure airside of the airport.Such locations will,of course,require that arriving passengers on eVTOL or eSTOL aircraft have already gone through some level of security screening prior to arrival.Whether a downtown hotel or a city parking garage rooftop will provide the necessary security screening service remains a question and challenge,but it appears that airside AAM operations are likely the preferred choice of location for airlines when it comes to transfer passengers.In a recent interview,United Airlines emphasized their vision of a frictionless airport transfer experience for AAM passengers,arriving on their eVTOL aircraft from New York City to Newark Airport,landing on the airside and connecting to a flight to Europe on one of the airlines new Boom supersonic jets.The costs and logistics associated with widely decentralized security“checkpoints”are not insignificant and likely to require an entirely different approach to facilitate the security of AAM departures from a myriad of locations.Repurposing airside facilities will not be an easy task as AAM operations are fundamentally very different from traditional air carrier operations.Lets take a single boarding gate and its corresponding holdroom as an example.For simplicity,we can assume that the passenger gate can accommodate a single narrowbody jet with 180 seats and a turnaround time of 60 minutes.If this single gate were to be converted to an AAM boarding area,it would support roughly the same passenger throughput,180 passengers per hour.Assuming that most eVTOL aircraft will carry three passengers,the equivalent AAM throughput would be 60 aircraft departures per hour.Assuming a 10-minute turnaround time for eVTOL aircraft(accounting for deplaning,boarding,and battery charging)approximately ten eVTOL departures would need to occur simultaneously from a single boarding gate to match the passenger throughput equivalent of a narrowbody jet.As mentioned earlier,time savings are the essence of AAM so its reasonable to assume that while the narrowbody jet passengers would be at the gate 30 to 45 minutes before departure,AAM passengers would arrive only 15 to 20 minutes prior.This means that at any given time there would be approximately 30 AAM passengers boarding and additional 60 waiting for a total of 90 passengers.As this theoretical example illustrates,AAM operations will be high frequency and low passenger volume,which creates very different facility requirements from the traditional airline setting.A repurposed boarding gate could support considerably more aircraft operations but the corresponding holdroom could be sized much smaller compared to its equivalent narrowbody airliner passenger capacity.Terminal-based AAM operations can improve passenger connectivity,but security and other operational challenges existInterVISTAS Consulting08The Future of Advanced Air Mobility(AAM)Fixed-base operators provide many of the requisite services,but will likely need to adapt their business modelsAnother airside airport location worthy of consideration for AAM operations may be at fixed-base operators(FBOs).FBOs already provide a wide range of aeronautical services,including fueling,hangar storage,and aircraft maintenance among others.Depending on local conditions,FBOs can accommodate some level of AAM demand,and some air mobility service providers have already partnered with them to lay the groundwork for future eVTOL operations.For example,Sheltair Aviation(the FBO in this instance)and Blade(the mobility service provider)have announced a strategic partnership to build the future infrastructure together.6 Sheltair already provides helicopter landing sites for Blade at New Yorks JFK and LaGuardia airports.For FBOs the most common source of income is fuel sales while additional income comes from services,such as aircraft maintenance,ground handling fees,and from real estate(mostly hangar rentals and tie-down fees).Given that AAM heavily relies on electric power,FBOs will need to work with utility providers and AAM operators to find ways of replacing the lost revenue from jet fuel and aviation gasoline sales.Some FBOs are already taking steps to accommodate electric aircraft.For example,Clay Lacy Aviation,a California-based FBO,recently signed an agreement with Eviation Aircraft to provide charging infrastructure for the Alice eCTOL aircraft at all its locations.7 This partnership is one of the first that involves FBO support for the operations of electric aircraft.Ground handling fees and hangar rentals will likely remain important revenue streams but finding new hangar space for AAM aircraft may require new investment as at most airports,where ramp and hangar space is already at a premium,and hangar wait lists are getting longer by the day.Further,the demand for AAM facilities could also fundamentally alter the pricing structure for the general aviation segment of aviation at many airports.6 https:/ https:/ Consulting09The Future of Advanced Air Mobility(AAM)Landside facilities,like garages,are attractive,but structural and operational considerations must be addressedLandside airport locations are also a possibility for AAM operations.Many of the eVTOL aircraft manufacturers have published conceptual designs of future operations from the rooftops of airport parking garages.This location seems like an ideal choice given that parking garages are often adjacent to terminal buildings,and the elevated structure makes avoiding airspace obstructions easier.However,there are still significant challenges that need to be addressed.First,car parking is one of the pillars of airport revenue and is often the airports largest source of non-aeronautical income.Second,as the post-pandemic air travel recovery continues,customer demand for airport parking is likely to remain strong.Repurposing parking garage rooftops for AAM operations would reduce car parking capacity and the associated revenue.If airports choose to repurpose parking garage rooftops despite continuing demand for car parking,they will need to start thinking about how best to replace the lost car parking capacity and how to generate revenue from AAM operations to offset the likely reduction in car parking income.Considerations will also need to be given to the potential limitations of the physical garage structure itself.For example,eVTOL vehicles and passengers together with the supporting ground infrastructure(waiting area,boarding area,maintenance equipment,charging stations,etc.)may place a higher load on the structure than cars.The available space for AAM operations would be limited by the roof area of the garage.This space will need to provide the necessary takeoff and landing zones and aircraft parking positions.Space will need to be allocated for aircraft maintenance and irregular operations as well.An aircraft requiring maintenance will need to be parked outside of the operating area and may need to be moved for servicing or repairs.In addition,parking garages typically have roof-top light poles and some(such as the Boston Logan Terminal B garage)have solar panels installed on the roof of garages that would need to be relocated to provide space for AAM operations.Since most AAM aircraft use electric batteries,airports will need to provide electric aircraft charging solutions,in this case,installed on the top of parking garages.The power requirements vary based on the equipment loading,the charger power and the electrical grid infrastructure capacity and size along with the unique characteristics of each AAM aircraft(different type of eVTOL aircraft may have different battery sizes,different charge rates,and different plug types).Airports should engage with local authorities and electricity providers early to evaluate power grid capabilities and to make the necessary utility infrastructure upgrades to ensure that sufficient power will be available at the selected sites.Such considerations may also need to account for the additional power requirements associated with future electric car chargers located on other levels of the parking garage.These utility investments will need to integrate renewable energy sources to meet the sustainability goals of both AAM providers and forward-thinking airport operators.Last,but not least,the hazards associated with electric aircraft,and lithium-ion battery storage and charging are also different from those associated with liquid fuels.Therefore,new emergency response procedures will need to be developed with consideration for suppression methods and agents,as well as for clean-up operations.InterVISTAS Consulting10The Future of Advanced Air Mobility(AAM)However,this also provides an excellent opportunity to reinvent the passenger experience and to build a welcoming and supportive infrastructure that enhances the broader transportation network.Airport operators should embrace this innovation to enhance their business,leverage investment capital from the AAM manufacturers,and evolve their service offering.Integration of AAM into existing operations and the related facility requirements will require airports to start planning early as the challenges associated with this new type of air mobility are unique.InterVISTAS Consulting11The Future of Advanced Air Mobility(AAM)
2022-04-01
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26日苹果车2。o以全新的视角看待苹果可以想象未来的交通工具。格雷格芬克和邓肯布雷迪欢迎来到2037年乔生命中的一天平均是15年以后。艾丽莎住我们的TOUNA近距离观察Mcity。大学密歇根州的自动驾.
2022-03-29
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European Rail Supply IndustryAnnual Report 2021Contents04Message from UNIFE Chairman06Message from U.
2022-03-26
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Research ReinventedSmartkarma unites Independent Research Providers,Investors,and Investor Relations.
2022-03-26
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1SIAMSociety of Indian Automobile ManufacturersANNUAL REPORT 2021-22Building the Nation,ResponsiblySIAMSociety of Indian Automobile ManufacturersANNUAL REPORT 2021-22CONTENTSPresidents Message 6About SIAM 13Performance of the Automobile Industry in 2021-22 14Global Auto Industry Performance in 2021 17Building the Nation,Responsibly 19SIAM Annual Activities&Milestones 20SIAM 61st Annual Convention 2021 22Economic&Commercial Affairs 29Technical Affairs 47Initiatives of SIAM SAFE 102SIAM Councils&Groups 2021-22 113SIAM Executive Committee 2021-22 120Past Presidents 121SIAM Members 122SIAM Secretariat 124Linkage with other Institutions in India 125Overseas Linkage 126ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly6A countrys economic health has a very close co-relation with the health of its automobile sector.Indian Automobile Industry is a key driver of economic growth in the country.It is the largest sector within manufacturing,contributing to about one-third in the manufacturing GDP of the country.This Industry gives employment to over 3 Cr people directly and indirectly and contributes to about 12%of the countrys total GST collection.While these are facts,there is another reality.And that is,that the growth of Indian Automobile Industry has been slowing down.Indian Automobile Industry has been facing a deep structural slowdown even before the Covid-19 pandemic started.In the decade of 1990 to 2000,Passenger Vehicle market grew at a CAGR of 12.6%.This came down to 10.3%in the next decade from 2000 to 2010 and further down to just 3.6%in the decade from 2010 to 2020.If we look at 5-year periods,the drop is much steeper.During the last 5 years before Covid,from 2015 to 2020,the passenger vehicle segment growth was negligible,a CAGR of just 1.3%.Similarly,Two-wheeler segment was growing at a CAGR of 9.8%during the decade of 2000 to 2010.In the next decade from 2010 to 2020,this growth rate fell to 6.4%.During the same decadal periods,Three-Wheeler segment CAGR fell from 9.8%to 3.8%and Commercial Vehicle segment fell from 12.7%to just 3%.Passenger Vehicles have had a domestic sales volume of 3.06 million in 2021-22,it is still below the domestic sales numbers in the years 2017-18 which was 3.28 million and in 2018-19 which was 3.37 million.In 2021-22,some segments have started to see some improvement in demand.However,entry level and mass segment passenger cars and two-wheelers are facing major affordability issues owing to high raw material prices,high taxation,impact of recent regulations,etc.Two Wheelers have had a domestic sales number of 13.4 million in 2021-22,which is the lowest in last 10 years,it is below 13.79 million units sold in the year 2012-13.Three Wheelers have had a domestic sales number of 2.61 lacs in 2021-22,which if we do not include the Covid affected year of 2020-21,is the lowest since 2003-2004 when it had touched 2.84 lacs.Just before Covid,Three PRESIDENTS MESSAGE ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-227Wheeler domestic sales were more than 6 lacs units,6.36 lacs in 2017-18;7.01 lacs in 2018-19 and 6.37 lacs in 2019-20.Commercial Vehicles have had a domestic sales number of 7.17 lacs in 2021-22,which is still lower than 8.57 lacs in 2017-18 and 10 lacs in 2018-19.Contributing to Make in India,Industry has made some good progress in Exports.Passenger Vehicle segment exported 5.78 lac units in 2021-22.Two-Wheeler reported the highest ever Exports of 4.44 million in 2021-22.During the same year,Three-Wheeler Exports stood at 5 lac units and Commercial Vehicle at 92 thousand units.While on one hand there have been demand challenges,on the other hand the aftermath of Covid pandemic and now the conflict in Ukraine has put severe strain on the supply chain.Industry witnessed huge spikes in costs of Steel,Nickel and several other commodities and precious metals.The shortage of Semi-conductors was a major setback with which the industry is still dealing.Even the shortage of shipping containers and high freight rates posed a big challenge for the industry.Increase in the Long-term Insurance rates,and multiple hikes in repo-rates are also adding to the ongoing challenges Moreover,due to the ongoing global turmoil,prices of Fuel have increased manifold in the last one year,posing affordability issues for the customers.SIAM is appreciative of the Government of India for taking some timely important decisions like reducing central excise duty on petrol and diesel.But on CNG the prices have increased disproportionately as compared to that of petrol&diesel.Support to reduce CNG prices will catalyse the transition to clean green environment.Enablers for Sustainable GrowthIndustry has identified some key enablers for a long-term sustainable growth such as:Sustainable MobilitySIAM is working closely with Government of India and various stakeholders to develop innovative policies that promote Sustainable Mobility in the country.There are two main pillars of Sustainable Mobility which is Road Safety and De-Carbonization.SIAM has planned various initiatives to create awareness about Road Safety.This includes road shows,engagement with state governments,plan to educate school children,organising talk shows,educating drivers and leveraging various social media platforms to spread awareness.The other important pillar of De-Carbonization aims to support the countrys carbon reduction journey leading to Honble Prime Ministers commitment of Net Zero by 2070.It is focused on reducing Indias oil import dependence and improving the environment by adopting all feasible alternative technologies like CNG,CBG,Ethanol,Flex Fuel,Hybrid Electric,EVs and Hydrogen.Auto Industry is committed to manufacture E20 material compliant vehicles from 2023 and is also committed to introduce Flex Fuel Vehicles in phases to enable use of higher blends of Ethanol.In this regard SIAM has already signed MoU with the Brazilian Sugar Industry,UNICA to learn and adopt best practices of Brazil in India.Campaigns for promoting Ethanol Blended fuel for use in vehicles,includes Talk shows with leading media personalities,celebration of Bio-Fuel Day,interaction with Sugar Industry,engaging with stakeholders in USA&Brazil and culminating with Ethanol campaign during Auto Expo 2023.ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly8There has been significant increase in share of CNG vehicles in the last couple of years and this has been aptly supported by Government of India by augmenting the CNG Infrastructure across the country.Apart from lower CO2 emissions and local pollutants,higher mileage and the lower cost of operating a CNG vehicle,encourages the consumers to consider moving from conventional Petrol/Diesel fuel to CNG.Governments intervention for keeping the cost of CNG fuel low would go a long way in making CNG one of the clean green alternative to ICE.Long-term Regulatory RoadmapSIAM has pro-actively prepared a long-term regulatory roadmap for the Indian Automobile Industry keeping the best interest of the nation and our national commitments for environment and safety.The roadmap captures the visions of key industry stakeholders and have considered global regulations and timelines.We envisage such a balanced long term Road map in addition to ensuring long term stability will encourage new investments,would facilitate faster localization,and would contribute to sustainable growth of the industry.With a road map in place,SIAM will continue to engage constructively with all critical stakeholders and the policy makers.This would also give a clarity to the policy makers about the long-term plan of the industry,thereby avoiding any surprises on both sides.Production Linked Incentive SchemeI am thankful to the Government for launching the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the Auto and the Auto Component Industry for about Rs 26,000 Cores and also providing about Rs 18,000 Crores for PLI scheme for Advanced Chemistry Cell(ACC).Identification of more than 100 Advanced Automotive Technologies has given direction to the Technology providers for the support that would be available,to enable them commit resources and invest in India to manufacture advanced technology components for Automotive applications.This scheme has therefore attracted 76%more investment than the planned target.I have learnt that 20 Automakers and 75 component manufacturers together have proposed to invest Rs 74,850 crore in the country over the next five years.Even the scheme for semiconductors and electronic components is set to attract foreign investments and local manufacturing of these critical components.With all such initiatives and much more,Auto Industry is set to align with the Government of Indias vision in Amrit Kaal and aspires to grow by more than 20 times to a US$2 Trillion Industry by 2047 and be one of the top two manufacturer in each vehicle segment globally.Industry is working progressively in line with these enablers to maximise production and sales.Each enabler has its own set of challenges in terms of viability,infrastructure,etc.Industry would continue to engage with the Government to seek their guidance,support and contribute towards a stronger industry and a stronger economy.Key Highlights of 2021-22I complete my two years as the President of SIAM this September.These two years were not only challenging but also a great learning experience for me personally.I am grateful to the valuable guidance from Past Presidents and support from all other members during my tenure.ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-229Taking over the role in 2020 during the pandemic,the biggest challenge was to bring back the health of the industry.Starting with the objective of Sound Development of the Industry,we took up various structural reforms to strengthen the overall working of SIAM.I am happy that many of these structural changes have been fruitful for the industry.Segment wise CEOs Councils have been empowered and are meeting regularly on segment specific issues and reporting at every SIAM Executive Committee meeting.Communication&Engagement team has been successfully engaging with policy makers,media and various other stakeholders and are sharing the comprehensive perspective,contribution of the auto industry with research and facts.I am also glad about some first-ever developments in SIAM including a message from the Honble Prime Minister himself,addressing the Auto Industry at SIAM Annual Convention,a comprehensive Localisation Roadmap study done jointly with ACMA,and a Long-Term Regulatory Roadmap.Major efforts were undertaken to further strengthen and deepen industrys engagement with the Government at the highest level,with Honble Prime Minister,Honble Minister of Road Transport&Highways,Honble Finance Minister,Honble Minister for Heavy Industries,Honble Minister for Petroleum&Natural Gas,Niti Aayog,etc.There were about 35 critical policy areas wherein government accepted/accommodated SIAMs request.These included revised implementation schedule for OBD II for Two Wheelers and Three Wheelers,multiple deferments on various QCOs,aligning SIAMs roadmap for Flex Fuel Vehicle with Government policies,extension of FAME India Phase II Scheme for the period of 2 years,change in reference average weight for CAF Phase-2 which has come into force from 1st April 2022,permitting loading of two wheelers in three decks during transportation,listing of 100 Advanced Automotive Technologies under Auto Component PLI Scheme,inclusion of E-Quadricycle in Auto PLI etc.With the support of Past Presidents,the Rules of SIAM could also be amended in a very exhaustive manner to make the operations of SIAM smoother and simpler.International EngagementsSIAM continued its active participation in both OICA and IMMA.SIAM also actively participated at meetings of WP.29 and its various GR groups.We continued our active partnership with JAMA(Japan)with the annual SIAM JAMA Meeting being held virtually for the first time.The meetings discussed issues related to safety and emissions regulations pertaining to various vehicle segments.We also had meetings with KAMA(South Korea)to discuss the Covid Impact on the Auto industry and the policy development for electric vehicles in both the countries.In the last 2 years,SIAM has been engaged very closely with Ceylon Motor Traders Association(CMTA),Sri Lanka SIAM continued to work closely with the German Automotive Industry Association,VDA and coordinated along with VDA,Indo German Joint Working Group meeting with Ministry of Heavy Industry and German Government.ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly10Society for Automotive Fitness&Environment(SAFE)SIAM-SAFE has been carrying out various public policy activities in the field of road safety and the environment.Aligned with the vision of sustainable mobility,the SAFE and SIAM conducted an International Virtual Conference on the theme“Sustainable Mobility:Ethanol Perspective”to commemorate World Environment Day 2022.During the year 2021-22,SIAM-SAFE supported Delhi Traffic Police in the area of educating school&college students on roads safety ConclusionAs I conclude my tenure as SIAM President,I would like to extend my sincere appreciation and gratitude to the Government,Policy Makers,Bureaucrats,friends in the Media,SIAM members including Past Presidents,and Colleagues in the SIAM Secretariat.I would particularly like to thank all the members of SIAM Executive committee for an excellent participation in all our meetings.I take pride in all that we have achieved together through our focus on“Sound Development of the Industry”.With warm regards,Kenichi Ayukawa PresidentMr Vinod AggarwalVice President&Treasurer,SIAM&Managing Director and CEO,VE Commercial Vehicles Ltd.Mr Kenichi AyukawaPresident,SIAM&Executive Vice Chairman,Maruti Suzuki India Ltd.ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly12Attending the meeting with the Honble Minister of Road Transport&Highways,Mr Nitin GadkariAt the Executive Committee Meeting of SIAMMoU Signing Ceremony in the presence of Mr Hardeep Singh Puri,Honble Minister of Petroleum&Natural Gas and Mr Bento Albuquerque,Honble Minister of Mines and Energy from BrazilANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2213SIAMThe Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers(SIAM)is an apex national body representing all major vehicle and vehicular engine manufacturers(44 companies)in India.It is a society with charitable objectives registered under the Societies Registration Act,1860.Its objectives include enhancing the contribution of automobile industry to the growth and development of Indian economy,assisting the automobile industry to meet its social obligations and encouraging the efficiency of industry in general and automobile industry particularly in India.SIAM focuses on activities related to improvement of environment and ensuring safety and protection of automobile vehicle users and public at large.Recognising these objectives,SIAM has been granted registration under the Income Tax Act,1961 as an institution with charitable purpose.To meet these objectives,SIAM works closely with stakeholders in the formulation of the economic and commercial policies,regulations and standards relating to automobiles.It provides economic and statistical information as well as technical and public policy services to the stakeholders on behalf of Indian Automobile Industry.It publishes Monthly Industry Statistics,Monthly Commodity Price Monitor and other periodic reports.SIAM organises seminars and workshops on the subjects of topical relevance and interest to the industry.It also carries out various public policy activities,particularly in the field of Road Safety and Environment.SIAM works closely with various Government departments,both at Central and State level and with international bodies like International Organisation of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers(OICA),International Motorcycle Manufacturers Association(IMMA)and coordinate with other counterpart international associations.SIAM,jointly with ACMA and CII organises Auto Expo,a widely awaited biennial auto exhibition showcasing the trends in the Auto Industry.SIAM also organises regional,as well as segment specific shows across the country.SIAM aims to promote trade,competitiveness,expansion of market,safety,environment compliance and growth with responsibility.ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly14ProductionThe industry produced a total 22.93 million units of vehicles including Passenger Vehicles,Commercial Vehicles,Three Wheelers,Two Wheelers,and Quadricycles in financial year 2021-22,as against 22.66 million units in financial year 2020-21.Domestic SalesTotal Passenger Vehicle Sales increased from 2.71 million to 3.07 million units.Sales of Passenger Cars decreased from 1.54 million to 1.47 million units,while sales of Utility Vehicles increased from 1.06 million to 1.49 million units in FY 2021-22 compared to the previous year.During the same period 1.13 lac units of Vans were sold compared to 1.08 lac units in FY 2020-21The overall Commercial Vehicles sales increased from 5.69 lac to 7.17 lac units.Sales of Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicles increased from 1.61 lac to 2.41 lac units and Light Commercial Vehicles increased from 4.08 lac to 4.76 lac units in FY 2021-22 compared to the previous year.Sales of Three Wheelers increased from 2.19 lac to 2.61 lac units in FY 2021-22 compared to the previous year.Two Wheelers sales decreased from 15.12 million to 13.47 million units in FY 2021-22 over same period last year.Exports In Financial year 2021-22,Passenger Vehicle Exports increased from 4.04 lac units to 5.8 lac units,Commercial Vehicle Exports increased from 50,334 to 92,297 units,Three Wheeler Exports increased from 3.93 lac to 5 lac units and Two Wheelers Exports increased from 3.3 million to 4.4 million units in FY 2021-22 over the same period last year.Performance of The Automobile Industry in 2021-22ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2215Domestic Sales TrendsExports Trends 3,2893,3772,7742,7113,06901,0002,0003,0004,0002017-182018-192019-202020-212021-22In 000YearPassenger Vehicles 74867666240457802004006008002017-182018-192019-202020-212021-22In 000YearPassenger Vehicles 8571,00771856971702004006008001,0001,2002017-182018-192019-202020-212021-22In 000YearCommercial Vehicles 971006050920204060801001202017-182018-192019-202020-212021-22In 000YearCommercial Vehicles 20,20021,18017,41615,12113,46605,00010,00015,00020,00025,0002017-182018-192019-202020-212021-22In 000YearTwo Wheelers 2,8153,2813,5193,2834,44301,0002,0003,0004,0005,0002017-182018-192019-202020-212021-22In 000YearTwo Wheelers 63670163721926102004006008002017-182018-192019-202020-212021-22In 000YearThree Wheelers 38156850239350001002003004005006002017-182018-192019-202020-212021-22In 000YearThree Wheelers ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly16Automobile Production Trends(Number of Vehicles)Category2017-182018-192019-202020-212021-22Passenger CarsUtility VehiclesVans27,46,65810,93,3461,80,26327,11,16010,99,7802,17,53121,56,86811,36,2091,31,48717,72,97211,82,1441,07,16418,44,98516,91,0811,14,632Passenger Vehicles40,20,26740,28,47134,24,56430,62,28036,50,698M&HCVsLCVs3,44,5925,50,8564,44,3566,68,0492,32,4145,24,3111,81,2424,43,6972,72,1675,33,360Commercial Vehicles8,95,44811,12,4057,56,7256,24,9398,05,527Three-Wheelers10,22,18112,68,83311,32,9826,14,6137,58,088ScootersMotorcyclesMopeds71,17,7951,51,67,4818,69,56270,95,1641,64,99,4249,05,18960,27,1981,43,56,0516,49,67845,59,2221,31,54,5016,36,21843,51,5351,28,90,1494,73,172Two-Wheelers2,31,54,8382,44,99,7772,10,32,9271,83,49,9411,77,14,856Quadricycle1,7135,3886,0953,8364,061Grand Total2,90,94,4473,09,14,8742,63,53,2932,26,55,6092,29,33,230Automobile Domestic Sales Trends(Number of Vehicles)Category2017-182018-192019-202020-212021-22Passenger CarsUtility VehiclesVans21,74,0249,22,3221,92,23522,18,4899,41,4742,17,42616,95,4369,45,9591,32,12415,41,86610,60,7501,08,84114,67,05614,89,1781,13,265Passenger Vehicles32,88,58133,77,38927,73,51927,11,45730,69,499M&HCVsLCVs3,40,7815,16,1353,90,7326,16,5792,24,4284,93,1651,60,6884,07,8712,40,5774,75,989Commercial Vehicles8,56,91610,07,3117,17,5935,68,5597,16,566Three-Wheelers6,35,6987,01,0056,37,0652,19,4462,60,995ScootersMotorcyclesMopeds67,19,9091,26,20,6908,59,51867,01,4301,35,98,1908,80,22755,65,9581,12,13,6626,36,81244,82,3051,00,21,2316,17,24740,09,07689,84,1864,73,150Two-Wheelers2,02,00,1172,11,79,8471,74,16,4321,51,20,7831,34,66,412Quadricycle-627942(12)124Grand Total2,49,81,3122,62,66,1792,15,45,5511,86,20,2331,75,13,596Automobile Exports Trends(Number of Vehicles)Category2017-182018-192019-202020-212021-22Passenger CarsUtility VehiclesVans5,80,1531,66,3171,8965,13,9121,58,2514,0294,75,8011,83,4682,8492,64,9071,37,8421,6483,74,9862,01,0361,853Passenger Vehicles7,48,3666,76,1926,62,1184,04,3975,77,875M&HCVsLCVs44,09352,77248,67651,25722,33338,04617,54832,78632,18160,116Commercial Vehicles96,86599,93360,37950,33492,297Three-Wheelers3,81,0025,67,6835,01,6513,93,0014,99,730ScootersMotorcyclesMopeds3,14,28424,83,30717,4123,98,31628,65,85116,6743,69,99831,35,54813,8592,32,02030,42,4538,3133,50,33040,82,44210,246Two-Wheelers28,15,00332,80,84135,19,40532,82,78644,43,018Quadricycle1,6054,4005,1853,5294,326Grand Total40,42,84146,29,04947,48,73841,34,04756,17,246 ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2217Over the last one-year,global Automobile industry,despite facing strong headwinds owing to plant shutdowns,spike in commodity prices,semiconductor shortages,geo-political tension due to Russia-Ukraine war,supply-side inflation,displayed resilience and managed to keep its head above the water.With strong determination,Auto manufacturers tried their best to help the industry recover,against the backdrop of market contraction in 2020,with the help of new product launches and several other measures.Demand continued to outstrip Supply primarily due to semiconductor shortages across vehicle segments.Global Commercial Vehicle sales grew at a reasonable rate of 6%,from around 25 million units in 2020 to 26 million units in 2021,whereas Passenger Cars market grew from 54 million units to 56.3 million units,for the same period,clocking a moderate growth of 5%,year-on-year basis.However,the industry needs to cover a significant ground to match the pre-covid sales figures of 2019.Commercial Vehicles sales were dominated by America,which contributed about 57%of total sales followed by Asia/Oceania/Middle East at 31%and Europe at 11%.While sales of Passenger Cars were dominated by Asia/Oceania/Middle East,contributing 61%of total Global sales,followed by Europe and America at 25%and 12%respectively.Indias ranking improved from 5th in 2019 to 4th in 2021 for Passenger Car sales,whereas for Commercial Vehicle sales,India maintained its 5th rank over the last three years.Global Auto Industry Performance in 2021Europe11%America57%Asia/Oceania/Middle East31rica1%Europe25%America12%Asia/Oceania/Middle East61rica2%SalesCommercial Vehicle Sales Region wise(2021)Passenger Car Sales-Region wise (2021)ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly18Sl.No.COUNTRY2019202020211CHINA2,14,72,0912,01,77,7312,14,81,5372JAPAN43,01,09138,09,98136,75,6983UNITED STATES OF AMERICA47,19,71034,01,83833,50,0504INDIA29,62,11524,33,47330,82,2795GERMANY36,07,25829,17,67826,22,1326FRANCE22,14,28016,50,11816,59,0057UNITED KINGDOM23,11,14016,31,06416,47,1818BRAZIL22,62,07316,15,94215,58,4679RUSSIA15,67,74314,33,95614,83,44410SOUTH KOREA14,97,03516,18,33314,68,873 ALL COUNTRIES/REGIONS6,40,35,5675,39,17,1535,63,98,471Sl.No.COUNTRY2019202020211UNITED STATES OF AMERICA1,27,68,4441,14,79,5181,20,58,5152CHINA43,24,84051,33,33847,93,2833CANADA14,79,59412,67,72413,84,2454JAPAN8,94,1257,88,6347,72,6425INDIA8,54,7435,05,1026,77,1196BRAZIL5,25,7774,42,4955,61,3847MEXICO5,96,2154,45,2175,26,5938FRANCE5,41,4484,49,9124,83,2799THAILAND5,38,9144,48,6524,36,38010UNITED KINGDOM4,25,4193,33,5963,96,910 ALL COUNTRIES/REGIONS2,71,91,6152,48,57,1672,62,86,317Passenger Car Sales(In Numbers)Commercial Vehicle Sales(In Numbers)Source:OICATwo-Wheelers has always been a means of mass and affordable mobility in developing countries,for day-to-day activities both for Passenger and Cargo segments.In 2021,China was the worlds largest Two-Wheeler market in the world,by posting sales of around 17.85 million units,followed by India at around 14.5 million units.Indonesia and Vietnam are also sizeable markets of Two-Wheelers and is estimated to have posted sales of around 5 million and 2.9 million units in 2021,respectively.Pakistan,Thailand,Philippines,and Taiwan are other important Two-Wheeler markets in Asia posting sales of around 1 million units each.In South America,it is estimated that Brazil and Mexico have posted sales of about 1.3 million and about 1 million units,respectively,in 2021.ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2219Building the Nation,ResponsiblyThe Indian Automobile industry is central to the countrys economy,affordable mobility solution,employment generation,consumer confidence or attaining a global stature.The industry is contributing around 6%of the countrys GDP,employing over 4 million people directly and approximately 27 million people indirectly,through the backward and forward linkages.India is amongst the top-2 Two-Wheeler manufacturers,4th largest Passenger Vehicle manufacturer and 7th largest Commercial Vehicle manufacturer in the world.The means are the initiatives that the industry has undertaken over the years,especially the last 15 years in:democratising mobility through public and private transport fostering“Brand India”worldwide ensuring energy security cohabiting with other industries adopting global standards in emissions,safety and manufacturing building sustainable communities facilitating continuous skill upgradation increasing consumer consciousness encouraging social green,sustainable development and environment conservation promoting Automotive Engineering prowess globallyThe industry is the driver of growth for our country,from being one of the biggest employment generating sectors in India,to being one of the largest R&D and manufacturing hubs in the world.The Indian Auto Industry moves a billion people daily,for livelihood and recreation alike,and every single movement from one point to another,ends up adding to the economic activity and income generation.Over the years,the success story of India has been written through this sectors determination and dream to provide mobility to our masses and goods,and,therefore,bridging the gap between urban and rural landscape.We have come a long way in our journey from making mobility an aspirational thought,to an affordable reality.It was through such united and empathetic efforts,the industry stood in solidarity for Building the Nation,Responsibly.ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly20SIAM Annual Activities&MilestonesAugust 2021 2W CEOs Council Meeting LVHV(PV CEOs Sub-Group)Meeting Executive Committee Meeting Monthly Industry Data Release Exports Group Meeting on RoDTEP Scheme Documents&Telecon#6:Amd to AIS-137 Catcon Market Survey-SIAM Activity Status&Open Points 10 Year Celebration of the Global Launch of Brand Hero AIS 129 Panel Meeting SIAM Three Wheeler CEOs Council Meeting Presentation by Consultants on ToR-City and Fuel Specific roadmap under Infrastructure spending(CV CEOs Council)Meeting of CV CEO council Meeting with MoPNG on E100 fuel run for 2 Wheelers Meeting with NITI Aayog on Indias Methanol Economy Program Meeting with Brazilian Embassy on Ethanol 4th meeting of the Sub-group on Diesel white paper held on under the Chairmanship of Mr.Chandan Kardile,General Manager Sukh Da Sah Project-Anti Stubble Burning SIAM 16th Lecture Series on Draft Indian Vehicle Scrappage Policy 2021:Features and Implementation Planning SIAM-ATMA-Tri Road Safety Advocacy Series:1st-Tyre Care&Raod Safety 2021-08-26 GSR 595 Co Driver Air Bag implementation from 31 Dec,2021September 2021 Monthly Industry Data Release SIAM Human Capital Group Meeting Meeting on Madras High Court Order Mandating Bumper-to-Bumper Insurance Cover SIAM-ACMA Meeting on Semiconductor Shortage Finance,Leasing&Insurance Group Meeting Discussion on M15 test Objective drivability test trials Face to face meeting with ICAT on Catcon Market Survey 49th SIAM 2W Group Meeting TED 28 Meeting on ATD/VTS Panel 2nd Panel Meeting on Creation of new vehicle category L2e-P in line with EU 168/2013 Sub Group(Legal)Members under CV CEOs Council-Level Playing Field for Buses and legal recourse Meeting for drafting LNG specifications.Discussions with Sub-group Chair on selection of consultants on ToR-City and Fuel Specific roadmap under Infrastructure spending(CV CEOs Council)Presentation by the Gas Based Mobility(CNG/LNG)Group/FIPI to the UP state on penetration of the Gaseous Fuel Discussion with ICAT on Uncertainty factor for vehicles more than 3.5 tons Meeting with Secretary,MoPNG BIS PCD 3:1,3:5 and PCD 3 Meeting SAFE Annual Convention 2021 SAFE AGM&GC SIAM-ATMA-Tri Road Safety Advocacy Series:2nd-Technology&Environmental Challenges 2021-09-23 GSR 652 Recognition,Regulation and Control of Automated Testing Station 2021-09-23 GSR 653 for vehicle Scrapping Facility Sukh Da Sah Project-Anti Stubble Burning Withdrawal of mandatory Bumper-to-Bumper Insurance for all vehicles through a representation by SIAM in the Honble Madras High CourtOctober 2021 2W CEOs Council Meeting Executive Committee Meeting Monthly Industry Data Release Meeting with Railway Board Meeting on Electric Vehicle Financing SIAM Styling&Design Group Meeting Meeting on Proposed Amendments to Consumer Protection(E-Commerce)Rules Meeting with Northern Railways Meeting with Mr G D Lohani,JS(TRU),Ministry of Finance Meeting with Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs(CBIC)Review of the Chapters of draft AIS 137 11th SIAM JAMA Two Wheeler Meeting Review of the SIAM JAMA Meeting presentations Flag off for M-15 2-wheeler durability trials Meeting of the CV CE)-Legal Sub-group with Lawyers on level playing field Meeting with SIAM members on elimination of CH4 Emission for Heavy Duty Vehicles.Meeting of SIAM with SECY MOPNG on review of progress of LNG stations,future plans and conversion of diesel trucks to LNG Sub Group Meeting on Framework on MMLPs and Freight Corridors for evaluation of the consultant IRDE Committee meeting with ICAT on CF Finalisation Meeting with BEE on CAFE penalty provision 4th Meeting of SIAM-JAMA Emissions Group 56th Meeting of Emission and Conservation Group Sukh-da-sah PTC Advertisement Campaign SIAM-ATMA-Tri Road Safety Advocacy Series:3rd-Regulations&Sustinability 2021-10-04 GSR 714 For increase in fees for renewal of Registration and Fitness 2021-10-05 GSR 720 on concession in road tax in lieu of certificate of deposit 2021-10-22 SO 4493 Wheel Rim QCO Extension upto 21st Sept 22&Exemption as per Rule 126 of CMVR 11-10-2021 GSR 728 on inclusion of E12&E15 labelling Sukh Da Sah Project-Anti Stubble Burning Microbial Phase II Streamlining of renting and hiring of Gross Cost Contract procurement of E-Buses to avail GST benefitNovember 2021 2W CEOs Council Meeting PV CEOs Council Meeting OICA General Assembly Monthly Industry Data Release Meeting with Reserve Bank of India Meeting on Container Shortage and Increase in Freight Rates Meeting with Revenue Secretary on Pre-Budget Memoredum 2022-23 Meeting to discuss-Representation for CMVR alignment with Wheel Rims QCO Telecon on 2W OBD2 implementation Alternate options Telecon on Review of the Chapters of draft AIS 137 11th SIAM 3W Group Meeting Meeting to discuss-Representation for CMVR alignment with Wheel Rims QCO Panel meeting on new vehicle category L2e-P Sub Group Meeting on Framework on MMLPs and Freight Corridors for shortlisting of consultants and evaluation by Sub-group-Chair/Jury under CV CEO council.Meeting conducted by the sub-group Chair,Mr Arya with Jury for finalization of the consultant and financial closure.Meeting with SIAM members on elimination of CH4 Emission for Heavy Duty Vehicles.Discussion with FIPI for organization of CNG rallies during Oil and Gas conservation month in 2022 187th OICA Technical committee meeting Two-day webinar on Sustainable Mobility:Ethanol Talks II India Meeting on Ethanol Cooperation with Brazilian Embassy Meeting with IOCL for Ethanol blended gasoline with RON95 5th Meeting of Sub-Group on Diesel to review the draft white paper and finalization of the same Webinar on Future of Automotive Aftermarket Parts in India SIAM 17th Virtual Lecture Series on Sustainable Roadmap For Fuels In Automotive Sector SIAM 18th Virtual Lecture Series on Future of Automotive Aftermarket Parts in India Sukh-da-saah PTC Advertisement Campaign Sukh Da Sah Project-Anti Stubble Burning Microbial Phase II Identification of 100 plus Advanced Automotive Technologies for incentives under the PLI scheme Discounts offered on Freight Rates for distances less than 1,200 kmsDecember 2021 Executive Committee Meeting Monthly Industry Data Release SIAM Trade Fair Council Meeting Meeting with Alloy Steel Producers Association SIAM Exports Group Meeting Urgent telecon to discuss 2W OBD 2 implementation Telecon to discuss“SIAM response”to ICAT comments on draft AIS 137 Part 1 Chapter 6 OBD II 2W Group Telecon SIAM 3W CEOs Council Meeting first meeting with consultants on ToR-City and Fuel Specific roadmap under Infrastructure spending(CV CEOs Council)Subgroup meeting for Bharat VECTO under CV CEO Council Meeting of the legal group under CV CEO council regarding case on Level Playing Field in Delhi High Court Committee to deliberate issues relating to Production and marketing of Gasoline RON 95 Fuel Subgroup meeting under ENC Meeting of SIAM-JAMA Fuel Subgroup Meeting with Brazil Automobile Manufacturer Association SIAM 19th Virtual Lecture Series on Vision Sustainable Mobility:Implications of CoP26 SIAM 20th Virtual Lecture Series on Vehicle Inspection&Certification Challenges&Opportunities IMMA RSWG Meeting 2021-12-06 S.O.5020 for reducing the industry average weight from 1145 kg to 1082 kg Extension provided by CSD for submission of Indemnity Bond by OEMs SIAM Completed 20 Lectures SeriesJanuary 2022 2W CEOs Council Meeting PV CEOs Council Meeting Quarterly Press Conference on Industry Data Meeting for Inclusion of Extended Mobility Tyres(EMT)in the Quality Control Order SIAM Economic Research Group Meeting SIAM Looking Ahead Conclave Meeting with CMTA(Sri Lankan Association)SIAM CSR Group Meeting Discussion on draft AIS 137 Part 1 Chapter 6 SIAM presentation on two wheeler OBD II implementation in line with SCOE decision 3W Panel Discussion-Looking Ahead Conclave BIS panel meeting for Formulating Standards for Base Oil and Reclaimed Base Oil Panel India-Brazil B2B Collaboration on Biofuels in Automobile sector Road Safety Competitions at schools 2022-01-27 G.S.R.48(E)for Fire Protection System in Passenger Compartment of Buses 2022-01-27 SO 359(E)Wheel Rim QCO Alignment with CMVR i.e.implementation from 21st Sept 2022 Alignment of Custom Tariff Classification through representation in the Ministry of FinanceFebruary 2022 Executive Committee Meeting Monthly Industry Data Release SIAM Human Capital Group Meeting 16th SIAM Styling&Design Conclave&14th Automotive Design Challenge Meeting on Container Shortage and Increase in Freight Rates Bangladesh Joint Working Group Meeting Meeting with Ministry of Commerce on India-UK Trade NegotiationsANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2221 Meeting with Ministry of Finance on Post Budget Recommendations SIAM CSR Group Meeting 50th SIAM 2W Group Telecon Telecon on Draft SIAM proposals for Amendment 1 to AIS 137 Part 2-3W BSVI OBDII SIAM CV CEO Council Meeting 2nd Meeting of Sub Group with E&Y regarding study on“Auto Industrys Fuel/City Specific Roadmap as per GOI Priorities”47th Meeting of PCD3 Meeting with OMCs on Oxygen Content Increase in E10&E20 Meeting with DHI on debriefing and deliberations on E20 rollout 33rd Meeting of PCD3:1 Meeting with MHI on Ethanol blending status 25th meeting of BIS Gaseous fuels subcommitteePCD 3:5 Meeting with Empowered Group of Secreatries on Status of manufacturing and blending of Ethanol in India Road Safety Competitions at schools Road Safety Rolling Trpohy handing over to School 2021 2022-02-25 GSR 161 Permission of Triple Deck Carriers for Carrying 2Ws 2022-02-10 Final GSR 620 E Safety Glass QCO Implementation Postponement to 1st April 2023 2022-03-29 S.O 1464&S.O 1465 for fuel consumption norms implementation for HDVs Withdrawal of Antidumping Duties from all types of Steel through a detailed representation to Directorate General of Trade Remedies Extension granted for availing reduced Corporate Tax for new manufacturing facilities Enabled assembling of EVs through streamlining definitions of CKD and SKDMarch 2022 2W CEOs Council Meeting Monthly Industry Data Release Aatmanirbhar Bharat Sourcing Group Meeting Meeting on Dealer Point Vehicle Registration in Karnataka Meeting on Motor Third Party Premium Rates SIAM-CSR Group Meeting 01st Meeting of Hydrogen Working Group under MNRE Meeting of Technical Experts of CV Industry on Level Playing Field and Recall Trigger 01st Meeting of Hydrogen Working Group under MNRE Meeting with Energy Transition Advisory Committee(ETAC)Meeting of Sustainable Mobility Group organized on the various issues related to sustainable mobility and Suk Da Saah project including publicity campaign Train the Trainer program for Delhi Traffic Police Officials SAFE GC Meeting Achieveved Highest Ever Exports of Two-Wheelers In FY-22 2022-03-31 SO 1533(E)Safety Glass QCO Alignment with CMVR i.e.implementation from 1st April,2022 Sustainable Mobility Group MeetingApril 2022 Executive Committee Meeting OICA Rountable on Decarbonization of road transport Quarterly Press Conference on Industry Data Meeting on Long-Term Third Party Insurance SIAM-JAMA Secretariat Meeting SIAM Exports Group Meeting Meeting with Ministry of Commerce-India-Canada CEPA Negotiations Meeting with Himachal Pradesh Transport Authority on Uploading Vehicle Prices on Vahan NITI Aayog Dr Saraswat Meeting(virtual)Review the test results of ARAI on 2 wheeler&4 wheeler with M15 fuel Discussion on road map and plan of presenting one demo FFV model SIAM 3W CEOs Council Meeting SIAM Meeting:Creating framework for setting up of the recycling zones and creating regulatory framework for certifying reusability of spares and critical Meeting with DoT MTCTE Clarification Note:Phase III and Phase IV.Chair:DDG(MTCT)DoT Meeting on M2M Consultative committee to address the concerns of M2M/IoT industry and academia.Chair:ADG(NT-III),DoT SIAM Pre Meeting(MS Teams):M2M Consultative committee to address the concerns of M2M/IoT industry and academia SIAM Pre Meeting(MS Teams):DoT MTCTE Clarification Note:Phase III and Phase IV Meeting with JS MoHI on Postponement and Exemption from requirements of QCO for Wheel Rims 60th Meeting of CMVR-TSC SIAM Pre-Meeting:60th Meeting of CMVR-TSC City and Fuel specific Roadmap study meeting with members Meeting of Sub-Group on Bharat VECTO under CV CEO council SIAM CV CEO Council Interaction session with India&Brazil on Bio energy&Biofuels MoU signing with SIAM&UNICA Meeting with Indian&Brazilian Delegation on Ethanol E20 Project Discussion with ARAI 64th Meeting of SCOE SIAM Pre-Meeting:64th meeting of SCOE Meeting with the Director,MoEF&CC with selected members of the SIAM Technical Group to discuss the various aspects of draft BWMR 2022 SIAM participation at MP Motor Show Train the Trainer program for Delhi Traffic Police Officials SIAM-JAMA Interaction Meeting Additional lead time given for implementation of QCO on Chemicals and Petrochemicals Calculation of Road Tax in Himachal Pradesh based on Ex-Factory Price reduced burden on customers May 2022 APEC Automotive Dialogue Meeting Monthly Industry Data Release Review of Three Wheelers Classification Human Capital Group Benchmarking Survey Meeting on Container Shortage and Increase in Freight Rates SIAM Logistics Group Meeting Meeting with MoRTH on BH Series Representation Meeting with Ministry of Finance on RoDTEP Rates Meeting with German Automotive Association(VDA)SIAM Taxation Group Meeting Meeting with Ministry of Commerce on Market access issues in Oceania Region Meeting with Ministry of Commerce on Technical Barriers to Trade in Korea 02nd Meeting of Hydrogen Working Group under MNRE SIAM Meeting on Understanding of DoT MTCTE Clarification Note:Phase III and Phase IV BIS TED 28 Meeting Pre-Meeting:14th Meeting of TED 28 SIAM Meeting:Driver Drowsiness Attention Warning System 10th SIAM Service heads Group Meeting on the Agenda of ICATs Proposal on“Fire in Vehicles”City&fuel specific roadmap study-3rd meeting of the expert group.1st meeting of National Logistics Policy and Multimodal Logistics Park:Commercial Vehicle Manufacturers Perspective City&fuel specific roadmap study-4th meeting of the expert group 2nd meeting on National Logistics Policy and Multimodal Logistics Park:Commercial Vehicle Manufacturers Perspective 02nd Meeting of Hydrogen Working Group under MNRE NITI Aayog Meeting to discuss the rollout of M15 fuel in India Meeting with DG,BEE on CAF penalty Final Report on Feasibility and Production of Ethanol blended gasoline with RON 95 Provision of calculating of Lower Road Tax across the country,on BH series without GST June 2022 Monthly Industry Data Release Inter-Ministerial Committee(IMC)Meeting to review the tyre QCO Exemption List Meeting with CBIC on Clarification on SUV Definition Meeting with Ministry of Commerce-New Zealand Joint Trade Committee 01st Meeting of MNRE Subgroup III:Hydrogen fuelled Mobility Applications I&C Meeting at Delhi Transport Department Meeting Regarding sharing of CDR by M2M Service providers with overseas parent companies.Chair:DDG(SPPI)DoT SIAM Representation at Parliamentary Standing Committee Meeting With DDG(Certification&CSM)Bureau of Indian Standards:Regarding QCO Audits SIAM Meeting:Meeting on CSMS(Cyber Security Management System)and SUMS(Software Update Management System)49th SIAM CMVR&Safety Regulations Group 5th meetings of city&fuel specific roadmap study by E&Y 4th meeting of National Logistics Policy and Multimodal Logistics Park:Commercial Vehicle Manufacturers Perspective 6th meetings of city&fuel specific roadmap study by E&Y Gas Based Mobility Group Meeting 01st Meeting of MNRE Subgroup III:Hydrogen fuelled Mobility Applications BIS sub panel meeting of Panel for formulation of standard for Pyrolysis Oil 48th Meeting of BIS PCD3:1 189th Meeting of the OICA Technical Committee World Environment Day Free PUC drives and Iniativies by members Conference:Towards Sustianable Mobility:Ethanol Perspective SIAM Green Tea:1st Fireside Chat with Mr Vikram Kirloskar,Past President,SIAM&Vice Chairman Toyota Kirloskar Motor Ltd 2022-06-29 GSR 481(E)OBD 2 Notification 2022-06-08 SO 2634 QCO Wheel Rim QCO postponement to 22 June 2023 SO 2634 2022-06-15 F.No.P13032(18)/7/2021-CC(E-39223)Amendment to National Policy on Biofuels-2018July 2022 Executive Committee Meeting Monthly Industry Data Release BIS Meeting on Steel Meeting on Legal Metrology (Packaged Commodities)Amendment Rules Meeting with Government Counsel on Tyre QCO Exemption Meeting with Ministry of Commerce on UK and Canada Trade Negotiatons QUAD Workshop by MNRE on RCS for Clean Hydrogen 03rd Meeting of MNRE Subgroup III:Hydrogen fuelled Mobility Applications 03rd Meeting of Hydrogen Working Group under MNRE 02nd Meeting of MNRE Subgroup III:Hydrogen fuelled Mobility Applications 2W Group CAFE Meeting Draft Amendment 11 to AIS 007 Rev 5 51st SIAM 2W Group Telecon SIAM 3W CEOs Council 12th SIAM 3W group meeting Meeting regarding old/existing vehicles HSRP fitment facilitation by SIAM Committee on Intelligent Transport System(ITS)/Vehicle-to Everything(V2X),Ashim Dutta,IRRS Dy.Wireless Adviser SIAM Meeting:Bharat NCAP review and way forward for its possible implementation SIAM Meeting:Supreme Court Judgement on Hyundai Airbag Issue 5th meeting of National Logistics Policy and Multimodal Logistics Park:Commercial Vehicle Manufacturers Perspective SIAM CV CEOs Council Meeting QUAD Workshop by MNRE on RCS for Clean Hydrogen 03rd Meeting of MNRE Subgroup III:Hydrogen fuelled Mobility Applications 03rd Meeting of Hydrogen Working Group under MNRE 02nd Meeting of MNRE Subgroup III:Hydrogen fuelled Mobility Applications 68th Meeting of AISC Meeting with Indian Sugar Manufacturers Association(ISMA)SIAM CSR Conclave 2022 SIAM Green Tea:2nd Fireside Chat with Mr Vinod Agarwal,Vice President,SIAM&MD&CEO VE Commercial Vehicles Ltd SIAM Conference on the occassionof World Biofuel Day:Promotion of Biofuels:A Pathway for Low Carbon Mobility 2022-07-01 GSR 503(draft)for mandating fuel consumption norms for Heavy Duty Vehicles Activity MilestoneANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly22SIAM 61st ANNUAL CONVENTION 2021Over the years,the Annual Convention of Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers has assumed a distinct character and has become one of the Indias most coveted automotive events.It has become a global event focused on issues influencing Indian Automotive industrys competitiveness and its integration with the global economy.SIAM organised its 61st SIAM Annual Convention virtually,on the 25th of August 2021 under the broad theme,Building the Nation,Responsibly.Kenichi Ayukawa,President,SIAM and MD&CEO,Maruti Suzuki India Ltd.read out a message given by the Honble Prime Minister of India,Shri Narendra Modi.ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2223The topics for discussion included sustainable growth of the automobile industry,the future outlook,and role of the industry in Indias economic growth,future of mobility,scrappage and recycling,affordability of electric vehicles,regulatory policies,and technological advancements in the sector.The programme brought together all stakeholders like CEOs of automotive Industry,Government officials and representatives,eminent global speakers,etc.Special Plenary Session 1 “Enablers for Sustainable Growth of Auto Industry in India”Special Plenary Session 2 “Outlook of Indian Auto Industry and Its Role in Indias Economic Growth”Special Plenary Session 3 “Crystal Ball Gazing Future of Mobility in India”Special Plenary Session 4 “Technological Advancements in the World”Mr Kenichi Ayukawa,President,SIAM and MD&CEO,Maruti Suzuki India.Ltd.addressed the gathering by reading out the message of the Honble Prime Minister who acknowledged Automobile Industrys major role in Indias manufacturing,exports,employment and ease of living for people.As India celebrates 75 years of independence,for the next 25 years the Honble Prime Minister,Shri Narendra Modi,has motivated us to work together towards,new age technology,world class manufacturing,and next generation infrastructure,to achieve,sustainable and productive growth,with quality and safety,and protect our environment,resources and raw materials.We re-dedicate ourselves to this vision of Honble Prime Minister.Focused efforts are to be made.He said,“SIAM and ACMA have together worked out a Localization Roadmap with a target of about 15-20%further localization in next 2 to 5 years.SIAM has prepared an approach paper for long term regulation roadmap that takes care of all aspects and gives clarity on future investments and the industry is working hard on New Powertrain Technologies.At the Convention,Mr Ayukawa thanked the Government of India for announcing the vehicle scrappage policy and the new PLI scheme.Dr Mahendra Nath Pandey,Honble Union Minister of Heavy Industries,Government of India spoke about the work his ministry is doing for the growth of automotive sector.He acknowledged that increased localization supported by the PLI initiatives of Government would make the industry more robust.He emphasized on the need for developing EV charging infrastructure and also focus on manufacturing quality products so that Indian automobile industry is the best in the world.During his address,Mr T V Narendran,President,CII&MD,Tata Steel Ltd said that India can still become 5 Trillion Dollar economy by 2025-26 if it is provided with the right kind of policy support.For Aatmanirbhar Bharat to be successful,it is important that the Indian manufacturing sector is strong,and for that,the Indian auto sector plays a pivotal role.The auto sector should focus on six key areas going forward.The future direction for the industry is towards Shared,Connected and Electric Mobility.There are four prominent growth drivers that we should focus on.Firstly,we should expand investment in R&D.Then,we should focus more on innovation in small format mobility segment,establish massive charging infrastructure across the country and provide export impetus to the industry.Electric Vehicle is definitely integral in every OEMs plans,said Mr Amitabh Kant,CEO,NITI Aayog.While delivering his speech,Mr Vipin Sondhi,Vice President,SIAM and MD,Ashok Leyland Ltd.highlighted that due to the impact of COVID 19,sales were subdued for the automobile sector,however,Ministry of Heavy Industries has done a remarkable job in creating world class testing and R&D infrastructure in all the auto hubs of the country.Our mission is to take advantage of localization,PLI scheme and EV charging infrastructure.All these efforts will contribute to the Governments initiative of Make in India and make us truly Atmanirbhar.Mr Tarun Bajaj,Secretary,Revenue Secretary,Ministry of Finance appreciated Indias Auto industrys contribution to GDP and GVA is immense and so is its contribution towards creating job opportunities for people.He requested that SIAM needs to do a deeper study on the specific impact of taxation on affordability and SIAM should also recommend measures on how Government of India can work together with all stakeholders for the growth of this industry.ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly24Mr Arun Goel,Secretary,Department of Heavy Industry,Government of India expressed his optimism about the Indian Auto industry.All segments will grow in the coming times.The personal mobility segment will have the potential to grow by 30%and the freight segment will grow by 50%over the next decade.The industry will have to improve on two accounts with respect to in-house capabilities 1)Industrial skills 2)Technical Skills.The skill gap that exists in India can be ironed out by establishing skill councils guided by the industry.Most importantly,we need to develop technology indigenously.Further,EV is one of the biggest disruptions that happened to the Indian Auto industry,off late.I can vouch for the fact that Government is walking the talk when it comes to EVs.The revisiting of FAME guidelines is an example of this,and so is the recent PLI schemes that we have announced.Now is the time for the industry to walk the talk.”In order to address economic and environmental challenges with regards to petroleum products in India,it is necessary to shift towards fuel options available in the country,such as focusing upon blending of fuels.He highlighted that around 8%ethanol blending is done across the country except in the North East and the aim is to now shift that number to 20%.Mr Kapoor said that the Government is targeting to install EV charging infrastructure across 50,000 retail outlets in the next 3 to 4 years.He further emphasized upon the advantages of hybrids,hydrogen,and other natural gas,said Mr Tarun Kapoor,Secretary,Ministry of Petroleum&Natural Gas.Dr VK Saraswat,Member,NITI Aayog,elaborated on the emerging trends in mobility.He emphasized that electric vehicle is the way ahead for the country to address issues of climate change and crude import.He presented broad road map wherein it was evident that all technologies,such as electric,hybrid and fuel cell,all have good potential.Appreciating the progress done by the automobile industry by leapfrogging from BSIV to BSVI emission norms in a short time frame.He mentioned that with immense capabilities,including the availability of skilled manpower through various engineering colleges,India is well poised to look at futuristic technologies for the automobile industry.He specifically emphasized on the need for adopting ethanol in a big way in the country and was open to look at hydrogen-based mobility in the future,said Shri Nitin Jairam Gadkari,Honble Union Minister of Road Transport&Highways,Government of IndiaMr Vinod Aggarwal,Treasurer,SIAM&Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer,VE Commercial Vehicles Ltd emphasized that vehicles today are increasingly becoming large smart devices with advanced technologies and better fuel efficiency,making mobility more safe,comfortable and efficient.The Indian Auto industry has come a long way in the last 3 to 4 years wherein we have moved from BS 4 in 2017 and to BS 6 in 2020.During these years,we have also met new safety and fuel efficiency regulations.The Honble Prime Minister has formally announced the launch of the national hydrogen mission to accelerate plans to generate carbon free fuel from renewables,for India to achieve self-reliance in energy.The industry will be committed to work on these new areas.”Mr Girish Wagh Chairman,SIAM Commercial Vehicle CEOs Council&Executive Director,Tata Motors Ltd.thanked all the dignitaries present for their insightful discussions around alternative fuel and the Governments push to circular economy.He also agreed that sustained supply of ethanol will make it a formidable alternative fuel,by converting it into hydrogen form.Ethanol would play a significant role in India as the country has a large farming community and a sustained supply will be able to supplement fossil fuel.The industry is committed to support the Governments vision to enhance utilization of ethanol.ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2225Addressing the country from the ramparts of the Red Fort in New Delhi,marking 75 years of the nations independence,the Honble Prime Minister gave a clarion call that we all must work towards turning India into a developed nation by 2047.He outlined Indias achievements and challenges while rolling out this 25-year goal that has to be realized by the 100th year of the countrys independence,with the framework of policies in place to make India self-reliant with the developed economy.In this regard,the Honble Prime Minister exhorted countrymen to focus on the five pledges a resolve of developed India;removing any trace of the colonial mind-set;taking pride in our legacy;our strength of unity;and fulfilling the duties of citizens with honesty so that India can attain the status of Developed Nation 2047.The Automotive sector is envisioned in 2047 as sustainable in terms of environment,social(no adverse impact on health),and economy(affordable).Sustainable Mobility:Sustainable Mobility is any mode of transportation that is green and has a low impact on the environment,is affordable,safe,and inclusive.Sustainable Mobility is also about balancing the current and future needs of people including coming generations.Examples of sustainable transportation include no or low emission vehicles,hybrid vehicles,carpooling,and car sharing.And perhaps the most tragic reality is this:approximately 1.3 million people die each year in traffic-related incidents,out of these,1.5 lac deaths occur in India alone.Sustainable Mobility is not an end in itself but rather a means,allowing people to access what they need:jobs,markets and goods,social interaction,education,and a full range of other services contributing to healthy and fulfilled lives.Without access to sustainable mobility,it will be much harderif not impossible to end poverty and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals 2030.Aatmanirbhar Bharat:The automotive industry in India is the fourth largest vehicle manufacturing hub in the world as per 2021 statistics.The Government of India has taken several initiatives for making a self-reliant and state-of-the-art hub for manufacturing world-class vehicles.The Production Linked Incentive(PLI)Scheme for the Automobile and Auto Component industry envisages financial incentives to boost domestic manufacturing of Advanced Automotive Technology products and attract investments in the automotive manufacturing value chain.The scheme has two components-Champion OEM Incentive Scheme and Component Champion Incentive Scheme.The PLI scheme also envisages a program for Advanced Chemistry Cell(INR 18,100 crore)and Faster Adaption of Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles(INR 10,000 crore)will enable India to leapfrog from a traditional fossil fuel-based automobile transportation system to more efficient Electric Vehicles(EV)based system to achieve imperatives of sustainable mobility.The PLI scheme for the Automobile and Auto Component Industry has been a huge success in terms of the applications received from local as well as globally headquartered groups engaged in/proposing to manufacture Advanced Automotive Technology vehicles/products.The overwhelming response shows that the Industry has reposed its faith in Indias stellar progress as a world-class manufacturing destination,which resonates strongly with the Honble Prime Ministers clarion call for Aatmanirbhar Bharat-a self-reliant India.Building the Nation,Responsibly:Globally the automobile industry is undergoing a transformation at an unprecedented pace and the role of associations needs to keep pace with the changes.SIAM has accordingly prioritized its actions and mandate toward furthering the cause of sustainable Indian Auto Sectors Journey in the“Amrit Kaal”:Vision 2047ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly26mobility.Last year SIAM espoused Aatmanirbhar-Self-Reliant India promoting vocal for local and favourable policy prescriptions.The Indian automobile industry is central to the countrys economy and contributes around 6%of Indias GDP.Indias Automobile sector has been at the vanguard in adopting advanced automotive technology and aligned with the international standards of manufacturing and providing sustainable growth with affordable mobility solutions,consumer confidence,and attaining a global stature.Presently,the Indian automobile industry with a turnover of over INR 8.67 lakh crores contributes around 6%to the GDP(at constant prices),employing around 4 million people directly and 27 million people indirectly.The contribution of 35%of the manufacturing GDP(at constant prices)reflects the resilience of the automotive industry and its contribution of INR 1.79 lakh crore to the GST is significant.India is amongst the top-2 Two-Wheeler manufacturers,4th largest Passenger Vehicle manufacturer and 7th largest Commercial Vehicle manufacturer in the world.Over the years,SIAM has been working on the vision of Sustainable Mobility.SIAM in order to carry out the activity works under the three main verticals:The three verticals of sustainable mobility define these pathways adopted in the manufacturing of vehicles in the country.Under each of the verticals,SIAM operates various groups and councils whose main objective is to follow the narratives of Safety and Decarbonization of the Indian Automotive sector.The paradigm of Sustainable MobilityWith a focus on safer,affordable,environmentally benign inclusive mobility,SIAM is also working with a focus on export production.As the evolution of mobility continues,it is identified that safety and decarbonization are the two main pillars of sustainable mobility.Technical AffairsPublic policy&SAFEEconomic&CommercialAffairsSustainableMobilityROAD SAFETYPillars of Sustainable MobilityDECARBONIZATIONROAD SAFETYDECARBONIZATION21Connected VehiclesAfter Market PartsCMVR&SafetyStyling and DesigningService,Inspection Maintenance&CertificationGroupsE-MobilityRecycling and MaterialsFrontier Technology and InnovationManufacturing,Industry 4.0 and EOD-MfgEmission and ConservationGas Mobility GroupTwo WheelersThree WheelersCouncilsTwo WheelersThree WheelersPassenger VehiclesCommercial VehiclesSIAMs Pillars of Sustainable MobilityANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2227The various groups and councils work towards fulfilling these two objectives.Pillars of Road Safety:1.Connected Vehicles 2.Styling&Design3.CMVR&Safety 4.After Market Parts 5.Service,Inspection Maintenance&Certification The above five groups define the overall framework of safety across vehicles and work towards customer comfort,safety and expectations,and consumer choices.Pillars of Decarbonisation:1.E-Mobility2.Recycling and Material3.Frontier Technology&Innovations4.Manufacturing,Industry 4.0,and EODB-Mfg.5.Emission&Conservation 6.Gas-Based Mobility(CNG&LNG)7.Two-Wheeler8.Three-WheelerSIAM through these technical groups/councils provides inputs to the Government on various technical issues governing the overall aspect of sustainable mobility and policy development.Issues related to current and future fuel choices,promotion of gas mobility,fuel efficiency regulations,manufacturing innovations,technological innovations,recyclability,material efficiency,etc.are some of the core issues,which support the Government initiatives in this area.As climate resilience takes center stage,decarbonization of the transport sector has become a key focus area for the Government.The groups and councils roles are to make informed decisions and propose the best available solutions to the Government commensurate with their policy options.The following are the initiatives that the industry has undertaken over the years,especially in the areas outlined below:Democratizing mobility through public and private transport Fostering“Brand India”worldwide Ensuring energy security Cohabiting with other industries Adopting global standards in emissions,safety,and manufacturing Building sustainable cities and communities Facilitating continuous skill upgradation Increasing consumer consciousness Encouraging social green,sustainable development,and environment conservation Promoting Automotive Engineering prowess globallySIAMs Approaches toward Policy Advocacy for Sustainable Mobility:One of the key mandates of SIAM is to device and promote innovative policy for sustainable mobility in SIAM Policy Advocacy Pillars for Achieving Sustainable MobilityANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly28the country through various instruments/pillars of advocacy.Starting with the World Environment Day 2020,SIAM embarked on a knowledge-building series and covered a host of topics on technical/regulatory,standards/environment including technological innovations.These topics synchronize with the vision of the Honble Prime Minister Narendra Modi and a series of steps taken by the Government over the years to boost automotive growth and make India Self-Reliant through the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Mission.This is also in line with the Governments constant endeavour to transform various sectors of the economy including automobile sector into being more affordable,accessible,efficient,and sustainable.The aforesaid policy approaches for facilitating sustainable mobility and integrating sustainable imperatives in the automobile industry are highly critical.To achieve this stated objective,the stakeholders involvement and their participation are ensured across the value chain.SIAMs plan for the coming year to further enhance focus on Sustainable Mobility:With changing paradigms in the Automotive industry and a greater focus on improving safety and minimizing environmental impact,SIAM has been focusing on promoting Sustainable Mobility in India.Continuing its work in this area,SIAM in the coming year will be directing its efforts to improve road safety in India as well as supporting the decarbonization of the Automotive industry.SIAM has interalia identified four key areas,i.e.Road Safety,Ethanol,Electrification,and Scrappage,to achieve this objective.Across these four areas,SIAM plans to organize major activities and engagements throughout the year with different stakeholders.In the area of Road Safety,SIAM will continue its efforts toward education,working with Kendra Vidyalaya to increase awareness about road safety from an early age.ECONOMIC&COMMERCIAL AFFAIRSANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly30International Relations&Trade Policy GroupSIAM International Relations and Trade Policy(IRTP)Group remained actively engaged with Government of India in providing recommendations through policy advocacy on International Trade.Government of India signed two trade agreements viz.India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement(ECTA)in April 2022 and India-UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement(CEPA)in February 2022.Through these agreements,Indian automobile sector has received zero duty market access into both the countries.The IRTP Group of SIAM was actively engaged in the trade negotiations of these recently concluded agreements and SIAM recommendations for the automobile sector were incorporated by the Government in the agreements.Under the India-UAE CEPA,Government of India has offered tariff reductions broadly under the Two-Wheeler segment.India also entered into a trade agreement with Mauritius in February 2021.The negotiations on additional market access are to be completed within two years of signing India-Mauritius Comprehensive Economic Cooperation and Partnership Agreement(CECPA).Government of India has sought inputs from SIAM on the automobile sector in order to expand the scope of the agreement.SIAM IRTP group members also participated in stakeholder consultations for the upcoming Trade agreements viz.India-Canada CEPA,India-UK FTA,etc.The group has given its detailed recommendations on various chapters and clauses,which are a part of trade negotiations,such as Tariff Concessions,Rules of Origin,Product Specific Rules,etc.Government of India has also started looking at reviewing the previous existing trade agreements viz.India-Korea CEPA and India-Japan CEPA.SIAM also worked with international counterparts in maintaining international trade dialogue and knowledge exchange with international associations,such as Ceylon Motor Traders Association(CMTA)of Sri Lanka,Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association(JAMA)of Japan,Korea Automobile Manufacturers Association(KAMA)of South Korea and Thailand Board of Investment.SIAM continued to work closely with the German Automotive Industry Association(VDA)and coordinated along with VDA for the Indo German Joint Working Group meetings with Ministry of Heavy Industry and German Government.As an important member of OICA(International Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association),SIAM worked on developing a Position Paper on Carbon Neutrality by 2050.Annual Report Card(2021-22)S.No.DeliverablesMeasuresOwnerStakeholders1Build Relation with Global Auto Associations&Counterpart Associations1.Participated in the APEC Automotive DialogueInternational Relations&Trade Policy GroupMembership2.Interaction with Automotive Associations VDA(Germany),CMTA(Sri Lanka),JAMA(Japan),KAMA(Korea),Indo-German Working GroupMembership2To Provide Trade Policy Recommendations3.Recommendations on Tariffs for UAE,Australia,Canada and UKGovernment and Membership4.Recommendations on robust Rules of Origin for Automobile,Product Specific Rules on CBUs under various trade agreementsGovernment and MembershipANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2231body-aHEADING-1AT.O.P.I.CN.A.M.ED.E.S.I.G.N.A.T.I.O.NB.O.I Opening Remark Mr.Chanin KhaochanDeputy Secretary General,ThailandBoard of Investment Indian Automotive MarketOverview Mr Vikas JainVice President,National Sales Head,Hyundai Motor India Introduction to ThailandBoard of Investment(India)Mr.Nanthapol SudbanthadDirector Consul,Thailand BOI CLICK HERE TO REGISTERAUTOMOTIVE WEBINAR16th September 2021Thursday11:30 AM-1:30 PM(IST)Investment Opportunitiesin India for meeting thesourcing needs of OEMs Mr.Sachin KulkarniChief GM,PurchaseSKODA Auto Volkswagen India Sourcing Opportunities inThailand Mr.Punlop PunyasiriExecutive Director,Thai EnterpriseDevelopment DivisionKNOW MOREDoing Automotive Businessin Thailand Mr.Sutthiphon LuangthongkumInvestment Promotion Officer,Thailand BOI Future MobilityTransformation in Thailand Mr.Krisda UtamotePresident,Electric VehicleAssociation of Thailand Welcome Remark Mr.Rajesh MenonDirector GeneralSIAM www.boi.go.th/en/index/www.siam.in/ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly32Exports GroupCovid-19 pandemic had severely impacted the Indian automobile sector including the Automobile exports.The year 2020-21 witnessed a huge decline in Indias total automobile exports,however,automobile exports in the year 2021-22 have picked up,witnessing sharp recovery.The export performance of the automobile industry during the last three years is given below:Segment/Subsegment2019-202020-212021-22Passenger Vehicles6,62,1184,04,3975,77,875Commercial Vehicles60,37950,33492,297Three Wheelers5,01,6513,93,0014,99,730Two Wheelers35,19,40532,82,78644,43,018Quadricycle5,1853,5294,326Total of All Segments47,48,73841,34,04756,17,246Indias major export destinations for Passenger Vehicles in the year 2021-22 has been South Africa,Mexico,USA and Saudi Arabia.While top export destinations for Two-Wheelers have been Nigeria,Colombia,and Nepal.With the recent signing of the Trade agreements with the UAE and Australia,Indian automobile industry will be able to export vehicles at NIL duty into these markets thereby making Indian vehicle more competitive.The Export Group has prepared a tariff information matrix,in order to understand the tariff differential,between India and other competing automobile manufacturing countries,in major export destination markets of India.Import restrictions in neighboring markets,namely Sri Lanka,Nepal,and Bangladesh amid their respective economic turmoil,continue to pose challenges for Indian automobile exports in these markets.SIAM has also given detailed submission on the draft Automobile Policy prepared by Government of Bangladesh.The group has also been actively engaged with the Ceylon Motor Traders Association(CMTA),Sri Lanka to discuss various issues,including difficulties being faced by businesses for exports of spare parts to Sri Lanka.CMTA has sought SIAMs assistance in preparing a regulatory roadmap for the Motor Vehicle industry in Sri Lanka.SIAM Exports Group has also taken up some of the operational challenges that are faced from time to time in the ASEAN countries,namely Cambodia,Thailand,and Indonesia.SIAM actively participated in discussions with Government to look at options to increase market access in New Zealand,Korea,and Bangladesh.SIAM Exports Group has engaged with the Government of India for continuation of the EPCG Scheme that would make the Indian Exports competitive in the Global arena.The Group recommends inclusion of such export augmenting initiatives in Indias Upcoming Foreign Trade Policy for the next 5 years.The dynamics of global environment,viz.rising inflation and fuel prices,currency depreciation,tensions in Ukraine,etc.pose a threat to Indias Automobile exports.To combat with the changing environment,the Group is putting efforts to ensure smoother operations and level playing field for Indian automobile exports.The possibility of engaging bilaterally to frame auto policies and rupee-based trade mechanism in some countries is also being explored.SIAM Exports Group will continue to strengthen automobile exports by actively engaging with the Government and various other Stakeholders Globally to harness the potential of Indian Automobile exports.Annual Report Card(2021-22)S.No.DeliverableMeasuresOwnerStakeholders1Resolve tariff and non-tariff barriers in exports markets1.Taken up issues for enabling market access in New Zealand,South Korea Cambodia,Vietnam and IndonesiaExports GroupGovernment and Membership2Tariff Overview of Competing markets2.Built a Tariff Matrix showcasing the Customs duties applicable in potential export markets to the competing countriesGovernment and Membership3Reduce internal nefficiencies3.Engaged with Government on Continuation of EPCG Scheme GovernmentANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2233Economic Research GroupSIAM Economic Research Group(ERG)initiated a study to assess the contribution of Indian Automotive Sector in employment generation,with National Council of Applied Economic Research(NCAER).The study highlighted that the Automotive sector generated more than 30 million jobs,out of which more than 4 million were Direct jobs.In the next phase of the study,the SIAM Group is assessing employment generated in the economy due to vehicle production in a year and jobs being created by the existing vehicle parc.The Group has also undertaken a study along with NCAER to analyze the impact of Taxation on the market demand.The 16th edition of SIAM Looking Ahead Conclave was organized virtually in January 2022.The theme of the conclave was“Automotive Industry:Working towards Resilience”.The conclave provided diverse perspectives on emerging trends in the automobile sector,challenges faced by the industry,specifically on supply side,and the way forward to make the industry more resilient.The Conclave also provided sales projections for the next fiscal of different vehicle segments Passenger Vehicles,Commercial Vehicles,Three-Wheelers and Two-Wheelers in the Indian market for the year ahead.ERG worked out a Vision for the Automotive Industry in the Amrit Kaal from 2022 to 2047.The Indian Auto Industry,which is about USD 120 Bn in size in FY 2021-22 is expected to grow by 20 times and be one of the top-two manufacturers in the World in each of the vehicle segment by 2047.An Economy Monitor,providing information on various Economic parameters impacting the Auto Industry,is shared with members on a monthly basis.Now a value-added report is being prepared that would also provide broad short-term projections of these parameters,to help decision makers see the likely trends that could determine the performance of the Auto Industry.Annual Report Card(2021-22)S.No.DeliverableMeasuresOwnerStakeholders1Industry Forecast1.Looking Ahead Conclave for forecasting of FY2022-23 sales for all segmentsEconomic Research GroupMembership and Society2Forecast for 3W Segment2.Revised estimates for 3W sales forecast for FY2022-23 including estimation of Fuel mixMembership3Vision 2047(Amrit Kaal)3.Estimated the growth pattern of the Auto industry for the next 25 yearsGovernment and Membership4Monitoring Economy4.Initiated a Monthly Economy ReportMembership5Research Studies5.Completed Study on Estiamtion of Employement Generation in Auto sector Membership6.Studying the Impact of Taxes on Demand of VehiclesMembershipANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly34ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2235Taxation Group The SIAM Taxation Policy,Procedural and Direct Tax Group works actively towards resolving all the taxation issues faced by the automobile industry including the matters of direct and indirect taxation.The Group has been keenly involved in reducing the redundancies,compliances and has also been working towards interpretating the new provisions introduced in the Taxation Policy by the Government.The Group has had a several round of discussions during the year and worked on the Memorandum of Suggestions for the Union Budget 2022-23.The Pre-Budget Recommendations were formally submitted to the Ministry of Finance in October.Thereafter,Pre-Budget interactions were held with Ministry of Heavy Industries and Ministry of Finance,Chaired by Revenue Secretary.SIAM delegation was led by President,SIAM along with Treasurer,SIAM.Pre-Budget consultation was also held with Honble Finance Minister in December 2021.The key pre-budget recommendations comprised of the following:Custom Duty1.Clarification with regards to Customs Classification in tariff Lines Concerns arising out of the Westinghouse Judgement of the Supreme Court2.Request for clarity on CKD Definition of Electric Vehicles3.Allowance of depreciation for imported capital goods under Manufacturing and Other Operations in Warehouse Regulations,2019(MOOWR)Income Tax1.SIAM has sought Clarification on applicability of Equalization Levy,on transactions between international parent company with its manufacturing subsidiary in India(due to digital communication relating to physical import of goods on applicable customs duty)2.SIAM has requested extension of New Manufacturing Company,start of Production date from March 2023 to March 2025,for seeking Corporate Tax benefits.GST1.SIAM has requested Ministry of Finance to issue clarification on the Definition of SUVs as Summons are being issued to manufacturers and dealers seeking to demand additional 2%GST Compensation Cess(Cess paid at 20%,being sought at 22%).2.Need for ITC on passenger motor vehicles upto 13 Seating Capacity used for Research&Development activities by manufactures of motor vehicles.The Government of India announced a growth-oriented budget focused on Building Long-Term Strength using Investment as the growth lever,while maintaining policy stability and inclusivity.Some of the key announcements of the Union Budget 2022-23 were:There was 35%increased Capex outlay,major infrastructure projects like 25,000 kms Road Construction,100 Cargo Terminals,Project GatiShakti,5G network,Optic Fibre Cable laying and the recent PLI schemes were the major positives Anti-Dumping Duties on certain Steel products were removed This move has helped the entire manufacturing sector Impetus was given in the Budget to set up charging infrastructure and energy storage systems.Government support in R&D for clean energy,green mobility and semiconductors would help the auto sector As desired by SIAM,the definition of CKD of Electric Vehicles was modified and made much clearer Though SIAM had asked for 2 years,announcement of extension by one year to 31st March 2024,for ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly36starting of operations for the New Manufacturing companies for reduced Corporate Tax,would provide necessary support to the industry.Government has intended to minimize litigations by committing those new appeals where there is a question of law,would be deferred for identical issues,which are pending in High Courts and Supreme Court.This was a welcome Announcement for the Auto Sector.INR 2,908 crore was allocated for the FAME scheme in 2022-23,against INR 800 crore allocation in 2021-22.Further,INR 2,057 crore was allocated towards procurement of Medium and Heavy vehicles by Defense in 2022-23.Higher Excise Duty on Non-Blended Fuel from 1st October 2022 has been announced in the Budget.SIAM Taxation group has also been involved in addressing the new issues that cropped up during the year:The New Provision of Section 194(R)has been notified which has implications on transaction being done by members with their Dealers Government of Himachal Pradesh issued a circular mandating the entering of ex-factory prices on the Vahan Portal for the purpose of calculating the road taxes.This led to the issue of registration of new vehicles in Himachal Pradesh strikethrough arising and,because the prices entered on Vahan Portal did not match with the invoice price.SIAM along with its members addressed this issue to the State Government and assisted in streamlining it.SIAM remained actively engaged with the RoDTEP committee and made a representation to the Ministry of Finance for the reconsideration of RoDTEP rates for the auto mobile sector.The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways issued a notification for vehicles with BH Series number,road tax on which had to be paid every two years in the state of residence.Road Tax for the purpose of the same had to be calculated on Invoice price,without GST.SIAM,therefore,coordinated with MoRTH and NIC to modify the Homologation Portal of Vahan,for Automobile OEMs to upload two different vehicle prices:1)As per the requirements of State/UT and 2)For BH series vehicles.Applicability of Service Tax on Salaries of Expatriates working as Employees of Indian companies due to an Honble Supreme Court Order,has been a concern.SIAM also represented that the Levy of Infrastructure Cess/NCCD should not be applied on Stocks as on 30th June 2017 as GST was already paid on these vehicles.SIAM took up the issue of reduction in GST rate on EV charging service as EV charging services continued to be taxed at the higher rate of 18%.Annual Report Card(2021-22)S.No.DeliverableMeasuresOwnerStakeholders1To review and analyse policy changes in the countrys taxation structure and gauge its impact on automobile industry 1.Analyse the announcements made in Union Budget and provides suitable recommendations Taxation GroupGovernment and Membership2.Pre-Budget&Post Budget recommendations to the Government Government and Membership2Work towards simplifying and reducing cost impact of Taxation policy&procedural developments in both Direct&Indirect tax space3.Applicability of Equalisation Levy,Applicability of Section 194(R)Government and Membership4.Increase in RoDTEP Rates from segments,Interpretation of SUV for applicability of Compensation Cess,Alignment of calculation of Road tax on pan India basis for BH Registration on Vahan,Exemption from Levy of Infra cess/NCCD on vehicles lying in stock as on 30.06.2017,Exemption of Service Tax on Salaries of ExpatriatesGovernmentANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2237SIAM Taxation Group Meeting,LonavlaSIAM Taxation Group Meeting,LonavlaMeeting at Ministry of FinanceMeetings with Ministry of Finance on Taxation MattersANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly38Finance,Leasing&Insurance GroupOne of the major challenges that Automobile industry continued to experience during the last fiscal was the credit unavailability for vehicle financing,especially for Three-Wheelers and Small Commercial Vehicle segments,majorly due to their unique customer profile and repaying capabilities.Three-Wheeler segment continued to face financing challenges;however,the situation improved since financiers started focussing more on the electric variants.Ministry of Road Transport&Highways(MoRTH)hiked the long-term insurance premium rates for new Cars ranging from 1%(for vehicles exceeding 1,500 cc)to 23%applicable for entry level Private Cars(not exceeding 1,000 cc),which contribute significantly to industrys sales volume.For Two-Wheelers,the growth in premium ranges from 16%(exceeding 350 cc)to 178%(not exceeding 75cc).SIAM,however,had requested the Ministry to postpone the revision in rates,for atleast one year,as the sector was still facing headwinds.The issue of long-term third-party insurance rates,introduced by the Honble Supreme Court of India from 1st September 2018 onwards,was again discussed at senior level and it was decided to approach the Chairman Supreme Court Committee on Road Safety and senior officials of MoRTH,to explore the possible solutions for reducing the duration of long-term insurance.On the same topic,SIAM submitted a detailed representation to Joint Secretary,MoRTH and requested for his intervention.Honble Madras High Court Order in its order,dated 4th August 2021,mandated Bumper-to-Bumper and Personal Accident Insurance Cover for 5-years,for all new vehicles sold with effect from 1st September 2021 onwards.However,the order was kept in abeyance till 13th September 2021 on the intervention of General Insurance Corporation(GIC),in order to provide clarity for implementation.During the hearing held on 13th September 2021,Mr N.Vijayaraghavan,SIAM Advocate,highlighted that adequate insurance policies are available to provide cover for Passengers and there is no need for any new coverage,as it further adds to the financial burden for the consumers.Therefore,the mandatory requirement of Bumper-to-Bumper and Personal Accident Cover for 5 years be withdrawn.The Madras High Court agreed to withdraw the earlier order of 4th August 2021,with respect to the mandatory Insurance for new vehicles.SIAM also remain engaged with IRDAI for other vehicle insurance related matters.Reserve Bank of India(RBI)proposed introduction of Prudential Norms on Income Recognition,Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining to Advances.The change in these norms might impact a significant part of Commercial Vehicle Customers,especially SCV segment.The customers are typically first time users/individuals with low credit strength.The flexibility offered by NBFCs currently helps these customers in managing cash flows through uncertain times.SIAM submitted a representation to the RBI,subsequently,these guidelines(upgradation of NPA account to Standard)were deferred that was supposed come into force from 12th November 2021,till 30th September 2022.This provided additional time to NBFCs to educate customers to repay their entire dues on time.However,no relaxation/exemption was provided to NBFCs.Annual Report Card(2021-22)S.No.DeliverableMeasuresOwnerStakeholders1To rationalise the impact of developments on the Vehicle Insurance&Vehicle Finance domain1.SIAM made a representation to MoRTH to retain the Third-Party Rates for Motor Vehciles for one more year.2.SIAM participated in the Madras High Court Case related to Bumper-to-Bumper and Personal Accident Insurance Cover for 5-years.3.Submitted a detailed representation to MoRTH on Long-Term 3rd Party Insurance4.In response to proposed introduction of Prudential Norms on Income Recognition,Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining to Advances by RBI,a representation was submitted by SIAMFinance,Leasing&Insurance GroupMembership and SocietyANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2239Logistics GroupWith an objective to promote operational efficiencies in finished Vehicle Transportation,SIAM Logistics Group not only worked to minimise the challenges faced by automobile manufacturers,but also promoted alternate modes of transportation like Railways,including Dedicated Freight Corridor,and Waterways.The efforts put in by the Group over the years have translated into establishing Railways as an alternate mode of transportation,especially for Passenger Vehicles.At the same time,Railway Board has also been equally supportive towards the Auto sector in providing necessary infrastructure,increasing the rolling stock and maintaining the freight rates.As-of-now,the country has around 130 dedicated rakes for automobile transportation taking the market share of Railways in passenger vehicle transportation to around 16%in FY 22 from 4.5%in FY 18.Railway Board also accepted the SIAM proposal for providing discounts to promote distances less than 1,200 Kms,to make Railways economically viable and competitive in comparison to Road.However,members have requested Railway Board to consider discounts for longer routes as the rates were revised recently.Railway Board informed us that two wagon designs were being discussed for loading SUVs in both decks.This has been a long-pending request made by SIAM as SUVs is a growing segment in the country.Side-Loading of Two-Wheelers in Auto Rakes has also been considered by the Railway Board for faster loading/unloading,however,the design is still in discussion phase.Transit times have improved significantly in the recent years.However,availability of rakes was a major concern faced by members both for domestic distribution and exports.Railways are also being used for exporting vehicles to Bangladesh and Nepal.Railway Board has also been approached for additional rakes to meet the demand.Timely maintenance of rakes is another issue under discussion with Railways.The Logistics Group organised 8th edition of Automotive Logistics Conclave on 18th August 2022 in New Delhi.The theme of the conclave was“Automotive Logistics:Transitioning Towards a Sustainable Future”.Amongst many,a few of the notable speakers who attended the conclave were Mr Sanjay Bandopadhyaya,Chairman,IWAI;Mr Mudit Chandra,Executive Director(Freight Marketing),Railway Board;Mr Nanduri Srinivas,Director(Operations&Business Development),DFCCIL;and Mr Sanjeev Patil,Vice-President(Logistics),NHLML.Deliberations focused on how to make various modes of transportation not only cost effective,but also sustainable in terms of reduction in carbon emissions,reduction in transit time,promote return load through collaboration,usage of Multi-Modal Logistics Parks(MMLP),etc.Automobile sector supports the GatiShakti initiative of the Government that promotes development of 35 MMLPs in the country,to reduce the overall Logistics Cost,which currently stands at 14%of the GDP.In this regard,a study was commissioned by the Commercial Vehicles CEOs Council to assess the potential MMLPs have in revival of Commercial Vehicles sales in the country.The Group would continue to work closely with concerned stakeholders to promote sustainable,safer and cost-effective transportation of vehicles.Annual Report Card(2021-22)S.No.DeliverableMeasuresOwnerStakeholders1To Enhance Efficiencies in Outboud Logistics in Automobile Sector1.SIAM engaged with Railway Board on multiple areas related to usage of Railways for Automobile Transportation2.Interacted with Railways on rationalising the Freight Structure for Auto Wagons3.As per SIAM recommendations,Railways is working on Wagon Design for loading of Utility Vehicles and Two-Wheelers in Double-Deck format4.SIAM interacted with DG(Shipping)on Container Shortage and Increase in Ocean Freight RatesLogistics GroupMembership and GovernmentANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly408th SIAM Automotive Logistics Conclave,New Delhi ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2241Aatmanirbhar Bharat Sourcing GroupAutomotive industry,in the last fiscal also,continued its endeavour to foster domestic manufacturing with an increased focus on Localization across the supply-chain.The SIAM Group remain committed towards taking the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative of the Government a step forward.SIAM Group was actively involved in issues related to Localisation of Supply-Chain,Procurement of Raw Material and Components,Quality Control Orders,Standard Formulation at BIS,Shortage of Semiconductor and Containers,etc.During the year,the Group initiated a Follow-up Study of the Localisation Roadmap,to assess the progress the industry has made to reduce the import content in the last two years.As an after effect of the Covid pandemic,the industry was already witnessing numerous supply-side challenges like increase in commodity prices,semiconductor chip shortage,container shortage,delays in export-import shipment,etc.The conflict in Ukraine only aggravated the situation further.The geo-political situation arising out of the war adversely impacted the supply-chain of a few key raw materials,leading to rise in supply-side inflation.The global Semiconductor Shortage continued its impact on vehicle production last year,leading to delays in availability of critical components required for production and deliveries to end-customers.Amidst all the challenges,announcement of the PLI scheme for Semiconductors by the Government provided much needed traction for the manufacturers of semiconductor in India.Subsequently,several corporations have announced their plans to set-up Semiconductor units in the country.This will largely reduce Indias reliance on imports.Government is also looking at the Possibility of Localising of Leather,used in vehicle production.Formulation and review of various steel standards were done through the Metallurgical Department Committees(MTD-4 and MTD-16)of BIS.SIAM revived in the Inter-Ministerial Committee(IMC)on Tyres and Tubes,chaired by Additional GDFT,that examines the Tyre sizes to be included or deleted from the Exemption List of Pneumatic Tyres and Tubes Quality Control Order of 2009.New Tyre sizes as required by SIAM members would be suitably added in the Exemption List.The exemption provided to Auto OEMs from the purview of the Tyre QCO has been challenged in the Delhi High Court and a petition was filed in 2011.SIAM was informed about this case by DPIIT recently;the final hearing of the case is yet to happen.SIAM has also made a representation to the Department of Consumer Affairs highlighting the issues concerning the Legal Metrology Amendment Rules of 2021 and 2022.The Legal Metrology Amendment Rules will come into effect from October 2022.SIAM submitted inputs to Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers related to Quality Control Orders issued on several Chemicals and Petrochemicals,used in vehicle production and some of them were appropriately deferred.SIAM Group will continue to work towards making the Automotive supply-chain more robust to bring the industry back on the growth path.Annual Report Card(2021-22)S.No.DeliverableMeasuresOwnerStakeholders1To Mitigate Challenges in Automotive Supply-Chain1.Remained enagged with Government departments on promoting Localisation in Auto sector2.Interacted with DPIIT and DGFT on updating the Exemption List of Pneumatic Tyre QCO3.Participated in BIS meetings related to Review and Formulation of Steel Standards4.Made representation to Department of Consumer Affairs on Amended Legal Metrology(Packaged Commodities)Rules5.As per the suggestions from members,the Commodity Price Monitor was suitably modifiedAatmanirbhar Bharat-Sourcing GroupMembership and GovernmentANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly42Vehicle Classification,Sales Reporting&Analysis GroupThe Vehicle Classification Group of SIAM remain engaged with members to make the SIAM Classification,followed in statistical reports,more robust and meaningful by incorporating the evolving vehicle categories and segments.A new sub-category has been created within Three-Wheelers to capture the data of E-Rickshaw and E-Cart separately,in statistical reports.A few SIAM members have been producing E-Rickshaw and E-Cart to promote last mile Electric Mobility in the country.One of the crucial sales channels for the Automobile Industry is the Canteen Stores Department(CSD)through which the industry is able to serve the vehicle requirements of Indian Armed Forces.In October 2020,CSD introduced an Indemnity Bond clause,to be submitted by Auto OEMs for continuing business through this channel.While the submission of the bond had been deferred several times until June 2022,the industry remains engaged to achieve a common ground with CSD.The recommendation of SIAM is to exempt Automobile sector from the purview of the Indemnity Bond.In August 2021,MoRTH had issued a notification to permit the registration of Private Vehicles with BH series,customers of such vehicles provide a declaration that his/her organisation has offices in four States/UTs or more.It is also mentioned that in the case of fully built non-transport vehicles,the Motor Vehicle Tax shall be calculated electronically through the portal on the basis of Invoice Price excluding Goods&Services Tax(GST).SIAM,therefore,coordinated with MoRTH and NIC to modify the Homologation Portal of Vahan,for Automobile OEMs to upload two different vehicle prices 1)As per the requirements of State/UT and 2)For BH series vehicles.In the last fiscal,SIAM coordinated with members on the requests from State Transport Departments of several States for uploading of vehicle prices of motor vehicles by automobile manufacturers.This is required for accurate collection of Road Taxes from new vehicle customers and to ensure there are no losses to States revenue.Annual Report Card(2021-22)S.No.DeliverableMeasuresOwnerStakeholders1To review the Vehicle Classification on a regular basis for accurate publishing of Statistical Reports1.A new sub-category was created within Three-Wheelers to capture the data of E-Rickshaw and E-Cart separately in SIAM statistical reportsVehicle Classification,Sales Reporting&Analysis GroupMembership2.SIAM faciliated Uploading of Accurate Vehicle Prices on Vahan portal for States/UTs and for BH seriesMembership,Government and Society3.SIAM made a submission to Canteen Stores Department(CSD)for Exemption of Auto sector from the purview of the the Indemnity BondMembership,Government and SocietyANNUAL REPORT 2015-16ANNUAL REPORT 2021-2243Human Capital GroupSIAM Human Capital Group works on various issues related to HR,IR,Labour,Benchmarking,Rewards&Performance,etc.The Group regularly interacts with Automotive Skills Development Council(ASDC)to look into their activities,guides them on policy directions and also support few activities.Some of the members of SIAM Human Capital Group represent SIAM in the Governing Council of ASDC.A Rewards and Performance Study is conducted every year within SIAM members since 2008.SIAM partnered with Deloitte India to conduct the Annual Performance and Rewards Study.The objective of the study is to assess the rewards competitiveness of Members and help them to take data backed increment and rewards decisions.More than 20 members have participated in the survey this year.Besides compensation trends,the survey also provides value addition in terms of industry performance outlook,performance management practices,productivity studies,etc.Benchmarking on various policies of HR is also conducted as per members requirement from time-to-time that help members in reviewing the different HR policies of their company.Annual Report Card(2021-22)S.No.DeliverableMeasuresOwnerStakeholder1To work on HR and IR Related issues1.Annual Performance and Rewards Study was conducted by Deloitte India,facilitated by SIAM.The following modules were included in the study:Compensation-Level Report Compensation-Level Function Report Benefits Benchmarking Report Pan India Executive Remuneration Report Executive Compensation Report Productivity Analysis Report Performance Management Benchmarking R&D Study Sales&Service Study Workforce&Increment Trends Campus Hiring Trends ReportHuman Capital GroupMembership2.Benchmarking survey on practices followed in the industry for submission of documents for Income Tax purposes of employees was conducted3.An overview of the new labour codes for the Auto Industry was presented to members by Deloitte India.The focus was on wages and workforce categorization and the way forward.ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16Building the Nation,Responsibly44CSR GroupSIAM CSR Group organises the CSR Conclave every year,highlighting important aspects of Health&Sanitation,Skills Development,Road Safety and Environmental Rejuvenation.This year the SIAM CSR Group organized its 6th Annual SIAM CSR Conclave,themed“CSR Rewired:Post Covid 19 Scenario”,with an emphasis on sharing of best practices&learnings from the various CSR interventions by the Indian Automobile Industry in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and the increasing importance of mental health and well-being.The conclave witnessed the participation of key industry leaders speaking on the inclusive development of the society,while protecting the ecology.Dr.Mahendra Nath Pandey,Honble Minister of Heavy Industries and Chief Guest at the CSR Conclave assured Government of Indias active partnership with the Auto Industry towards strengthening the CSR initiatives.Honble Minister also spoke about the Indian Automobile Industry 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2022 State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry ReportNAVIGATING THE FUTURE OF WAREHOUSING2022 State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry Report2TABLE OF CONTENTSSupply Chain Disruptions Continue4Rise of Omnichannel Fulfillment8Evolution of 3PL and 4PL Services12Supply Chain Technology Transformation16Conclusion203Introduction2022 State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry Report3INTRODUCTIONBefore the COVID-19 pandemic, many people took the supply chain for granted. In fact, many people didnt think of the logistics industry much at all. The New York Times even confessed to not having a logistics newsbeat before the pandemic. Today, manufacturers, warehouses, transportation providers, distribution centers, and retailers are all topics of mainstream media. Times are changingso is the supply chain. Now that the logistics industry has everyones attention, what does 2022 have in store for third-party logistics (3PLs) businesses, warehouses, and their partners? From combatting supply chain disruptions and creating new omnichannel fulfillment strategies to benefitting from the evolution of 3PLs, 4PLs, and cutting-edge technologies, 2022 could be one of the most important years ever for businesses looking to play a pivotal role in how consumers receive goods. With 3PLs at the heart of the supply chain, their success will help expand new markets, grow emerging brands, and continue to inspire the rapid growth of todays supply chain. In this years State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry Report, youll learn about our top predictions and recommendations for how 3PL warehouses can thrive in a quickly transforming marketplace. SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTIONS CONTINUE012022 State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry Report5The answer is likely no, as global manufacturing continues to remain open. Yet, with a record 490,000 job openings in July within the warehouse and transportation industries, the continued impacts of the Amazon Effect, and inundated American ports, it could be a major pain point for 3PL businesses looking to meet the growing fulfillment needs of their customers. In 2021, supply chain disruptions cost the world an average of $184 million, with the United States topping the list with an average $228 million. Insurance company Euler SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTIONS CONTINUEDisruptions to the supply chain arent over yet. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg predicted that supply chain issues facing the United States will continue into 2022citing demand as one of the top contributors. The Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, which account for 40% of shipping containers entering the U.S., have already started operating 24/7 to relieve supply chain bottlenecks. But with labor shortages in both warehousing and transportation, are consumers looking at something similaror more disruptive thanthe 2020 toilet paper shortage?Supply Chain Disruptions Make a ComebackIndex of global supply chain disruptions (100 = most disrupted)Based on the difference between the supply delivery times subindex and the supply delivery times based on manufacturing output subindex (both part of the PMI) -10020406080201920202021EurozoneU.S.ChinaEmerging MarketsSource: Statista2022 State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry Report63PL warehouses are key stakeholders and advocates for their customers when it comes to mitigating supply chain risks. Inventory management and transportation are obvious functions where 3PL warehouses help their customers. Yet, 41.5% of companies who experienced supply disruptions received customer complaints and 36.1% lost revenuethis is where 3PLs can help. From navigating labor challenges Hermes also reported that logistics bottlenecks are impacting 25% of global trade volume. But the good news is that supply disruptions are estimated to level out by mid-2022 as inventory levels begin to normalize to pre-COVID levels, consumers begin to shift to sustainable consumption, and shipping capacities begin to increase.145MILLION(USD)DACH146MILLION(USD)United Kingdom184MILLION(USD)Global196MILLION(USD)Nordic Countries228MILLION(USD)United StatesEstimated Average Annual Cost to Respondents Organizations as a Result of Global Supply Chain Disruptions in 2021By Region or CountrySource: Statista2022 State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry Report7to unexpected weather or simply sharing their logistics technology and IT expertise, 3PLs improve the effectiveness of the supply chain for their customers. Overall, third-party logistics warehouses are slated to help their customers manage supply chain disruptions by offering complete visibility into inventory, real-time access to data for better supply chain transparency, seamless workflows, and insights into future challenges or issues. Who better to ring the alarm when unexpected changes occur? 3PLs who take the time to invest in their customers goals can be strategic partners and provide direction at the first sign of disruption.How Can 3PLs Help Customers Overcome Supply Chain Disruptions?Birds-Eye View: 3PLs must share an elevated view of the supply chain for their customers. Reports and analytics supplied by 3PL providers help their customers make data-driven decisions. 3PLs help customers by offering real-time visibility into inventory levels and trackingfrom every order, inventory item, transaction, and beyond.Risk Management: 3PL warehouses must be ready and able to help their customers visualize their supply chain operations, offer predictive analytics and reporting, and quickly identify hiccups. By utilizing proper warehouse management technology and analytics, customers can benefit from warehouse expertise and resources to make better business decisions. 3PLs should help their customers scale their businesses, along with their own.Shipping Acumen: Transportation and freight expertise top the list as to why businesses look to partner with a 3PL. A customer cant beat a 3PLs knowledge when looking to find the best shipping rates, manage domestic and international shipping and transportation methods, or utilize carrier relationships 3PLs have spent years perfecting. A 3PLs expertise drives value where customers need it most.BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS2022 State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry Report8RISE OF OMNICHANNEL FULFILLMENT022022 State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry Report9RISE OF OMNICHANNEL FULFILLMENT Omnichannel fulfillment may be one of the biggest buzzwords of 2021. Pre-pandemic, 3PL warehouses were focused on diversifying fulfillment for ecommerceespecially business-to-business (B2B) providers looking to capitalize on the rise of online shoppers. (And with good reason!) This surge is expected to continue through 2022 with retail ecommerce revenue predicted to reach $502.5 billion.These days, however, 3PLs who want to increase profitability must consider distribution for multiple channels to remain competitivewhich makes omnichannel fulfillment one of the biggest opportunities for 3PLs looking to grow their business and scale.Omnichannel fulfillment is a strategy of having a unified approach to manage inventory and order processing from a variety of sales channels.SINGLE CHANNELMULTI CHANNELCROSS CHANNELOMNI CHANNEL2022 State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry Report10What US Customers Value in Omnichannel Retail% of survey respondentsBreadth of product selection17Value for the money16Delivery cost and speed15Control over delivery15Product quality14Good return policy9Product pricing9Product availability4Return at store1Source: Mckinsey Digital Consumer SurveyLogistics-related driversUsing a unified approach, 3PL warehouses can streamline their fulfillment processes and distribution of orders from multiple selling channels for any of their customers wherever and however they sell.While this may seem like an obvious approach for expanding logistics businesses, many 3PLs have been slow to adopt a complete omnichannel approach. As shared in the Third-Party Logistics Warehouse Benchmark Report, B2B fulfillment remained the largest fulfillment type at 72% for 3PLs in 2021, with ecommerce (68%) and B2C fulfillment (56%) not far behind. Yet, only 22% of 3PLs called out omnichannel specifically as a strategic fulfillment typeeven though 92% of 3PLs who identify as offering omnichannel fulfillment grew their order volume in 2021.To be fair, many warehouses have spent time ramping up efforts for ecommerce, which plays a crucial role in omnichannel distribution. But is that enough to remain relevant in todays marketplaceespecially if you work with retailers and omnichannel customers? This remains to be seen, but as the evolution of 3PL warehousing continues, 3PLs need to not only be ready to meet customer concerns but also end-consumer demands. In a survey conducted by McKinsey & Company, consumers care about delivery cost, speed, control 2022 State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry Report11over delivery, and returns as well. This isnt surprising considering that 85% of consumers prefer interacting with omnichannel brands that have both digital and physical channels. 3PL warehouses looking to position themselves as partners for their customers multi-marketplace strategies will need to prepare to meet these demands head-on. Once prepared, a 3PL warehouse will be the most important asset for businesses looking to implement or enhance an omnichannel fulfillment strategyincreasing the demand for 3PL services exponentially.How Can 3PLs Help Customers with Omnichannel Fulfillment?Delivery Choices: Same-day delivery is expected to reach $20.36 billion by 2027. 3PLs need to be able to accommodate this, as well as a variety of other delivery options, including buy online, pick up in store; dropshipping; buy in store with delivery from warehouse; and more. Utilizing a 3PLs multitude of delivery options is imperative for warehouse customers who require fast, efficient, accurate, and cost-effective delivery options. As a 3PL, you are your customers best bet to offer the most efficient and cost-effective last-mile logistics. Native Omnichannel Connectivity: Technology matters. 3PL customers are looking to their warehouse for expertise with Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) for compliance issues and chargebacks, inventory management tracking to order management systems (OMS), shopping cart integrations, warehouse management system (WMS) software, or a number of other API connections to automate processes and workflows. Using optimized warehouse automation and connectivity, you offer transparency, the ability to reduce errors, and the ability to be a collaborative intermediary for your customers and their supply chain partners.Reverse Logistics: Returns are essential. 3PLs who offer a complete omnichannel fulfillment strategy will include ecommercewhich not only drives large order volumes but also produces returns. 3PLs need to have smooth reverse logistics processes to help return items wherever and however consumers received them. Todays buyers are looking for easy returns, and warehouse customers are looking for ways to reduce costs. Your 3PL is squarely positioned to help deliver on customer demands, offer consistency, and improve the overall experience.BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS2022 State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry Report12EVOLUTION OF 3PL AND 4PL SERVICES032022 State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry Report13EVOLUTION OF 3PL AND 4PL SERVICES With a quickly shifting marketplace, many companies are finding it increasingly difficult to navigate the intricacies of the supply chain. This has led to many businesses looking to outsource their logistics needs to third-party logistics warehouses and transportation providers. In 2021, users of 3PL services reported that 40% of their total logistics expenditures were related to outsourcing. Much of this growth can be directly correlated to the rise of the ecommerce industry. Considering this push of online sales, expectations for the global third-party logistics market are expected to be valued at $1.1 trillion over the next six years. This leaves a lot of room to expand for the estimated 20,605 3PL businesses in the United States.3PLs who seek to build networks for their customers must develop a services pipeline that ranges from warehousing and storage to inventory management, picking, packing, and shipping to technology and IT to meet rising needs. These are extremely important for small to mid-sized customers looking for help with logistical operations. Yet, as a 3PL provider evolves, so does their customers businesses who hope to grow into mid-to-large-sized operations. As the increase in demand for services continues, many of the advantages of working with a 3PL tie in with the advancement of fourth-party logistics (4PLs).4PLs are networks that offer visibility into the entire logistics journey for their customers. In most cases, relationships with 4PLs develop from their existing 3PL relationships. While 4PL networks offer many of the same services as 3PLs, they are often the single point of contact for customers and share additional insights into larger data analytics across the entire supply chain, can work directly with manufacturers or suppliers, and manage larger distribution networks. It is no surprise that as the marketplace continues to grow and develop, so does the evolution of 3PLs who serve as arbiters of efficiency for their customers. From transportation expertise and access to real-time supply chain data to vertical and fulfillment specialization, 3PLs are excellent logistics partners. 2022 State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry Report14Due to the level of sophistication in todays supply chain, many 3PL providers are looking to collaborate with other warehouses to help create integrated ecosystemsthus a 4PL network. This can range from using multi-warehouse distribution or alternative carriers and transportation networks with developed relationships to additional integrated technologies for deeper insights into day-to-day activities and larger growth opportunities. For 3PLs looking to partner with other 3PLs, they can take full advantage of the core competencies, technologies, vertical specializations (e.g., cold storage, ecommerce, hazmat, etc.), and partner relationships of the other provider(s).Usually owns warehousing and transportation assetsFocuses on transactional and day-to-day operationsOffers insights into main logistical elements3PLOutsources to a network of 3PLs or fulfillment centersFocuses on optimizing the entire supply chain for multiple entitiesOffers insights into the entire supply chain4PLAccording to a report published by Inbound Logistics, 54% of 3PLs cited 4PL or Lead Logistics Provider (LLP) partnerships as a strategic initiative. Yet, 4PL networks are still a new idea for growing 3PL providers looking to expand. However, with many 2022 State of the Third-Party Logistics Industry Report15How Can 3PLs Help Customers by Creating or Using 4PL Networks?Relati
2022-02-18
22页
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软件收入将由车联网和先进自动驾驶驱动软件驱动收入增长将由具有车联网和先进自动驾驶功能的汽车实现。我们的调查显示,所有新生产的汽车都支持“空中升级”(OTA,即基于软件的服务);未来五年内,其更新增加三.
2022-01-28
20页
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50多年来，NASA一直在研究基础物理和技术，以支持高超音速飞机(飞行速度超过5马赫的飞行器)的开发。从逻辑上讲，这些研究大多集中在推进、系统分析、材料和边界层过渡的基础上。在过去二十年中，出现了一系列现场测试空射高超音速飞行器(例如NASA X-43和X-51平台)的活动，以整合迄今为止收集到的知识和理解，并将其作为高超音速飞行各种军事应用研发的先驱，其他国家也在追求这一点。在美国和其他国家进行车辆测试的同时，几家商业公司开始认真评估和开发可能的超音速和高超音速车辆概念，以最终将其引入全球商业客运航空市场。虽然这一新兴市场从美国宇航局高超音速技术的长期研究中受益匪浅，但现在同样重要的是，了解美国宇航局未来的研究目标如何进一步促进这些飞行器概念发展成为可行的运输系统。为了支持美国宇航局对其高超音速飞行计划未来研究重点的评估，美国宇航局一直在进行“一年的尽职调查”除了在NASA组织内部对高超音速飞行器的技术研究需求和经济性进行研究外，NASA还委托独立研究商用高超音速运输市场。上汽集团和布莱斯科技公司(前身为布莱斯航天科技公司)获得了一个奖项这些独立研究有助于NASA更好地理解：(1)乘客需求用于高速航空旅行;(2) 为商用航空市场开发和运营高超音速飞机的商业案例压力;(3)存在非技术(即社会)障碍和挑战，包括美国宇航局和政府为克服这些障碍和挑战可以采取的措施。我们为NASA解决这三项任务的方法包括对未来需求和未来业务运营进行建模，并考虑以2到7马赫的速度进行全球航空运输。该团队预测了2060年的高端航空旅行需求，并评估了不同收入和财富水平的乘客为节省往返航班的时间而付费的意愿800对城市。基于这一需求，我们比较了不同飞机的行业级业务案例，考虑了通用航空和商用航空的运营成本、制造成本和盈利能力。根据与美国宇航局的合同，布莱斯泰克公司和上汽集团对高速商用航空运输的未来市场进行了研究。该研究考虑了客运和货运需求、行业层面的业务动态以及监管动态等非技术壁垒，以发展可行的市场。该研究的目标是根据商业模式、市场、监管动态和影响技术投资和贸易的壁垒，确定商业高超音速点到点运输的经济可行性。美国宇航局为该研究确定了相关的速度制度，为评估高超音速市场发展提供了完整的背景，涵盖了马赫数2至马赫数7的范围。BryceTech编制了分析报告和本报告，SAIC提供了全面的项目管理监督和主题专家(SME)投入。
2021-12-21
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USING THE FUEL ECONOMY GUIDEiCONTENTSiUsing the Fuel Economy Guide1How the Guide is Organized1Why Some Vehicles Are NotListed1Vehicle Classes Used in thisGuide2Understanding the GuideListings3Tax Incentives and Disincentives3Fuel Economy Saves You Money4Fueling Options5Alternative Fueling StationLocator6Improve Your Fuel Economy7Advanced Vehicle Technologies8Annual Fuel Cost Ranges forVehicle Classes9Most Efficient Vehicles102021 Model Year Vehicles37Diesel Vehicles39All-Electric Vehicles42Fuel Cell Vehicles43Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles49Ethanol Flexible Fuel VehiclesThe U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)andU.S.Department of Energy(DOE)produce the FuelEconomy Guide to help car buyers choose the mostfuel-efficient vehicle that meets their needs.The Guideis available on the Web at fueleconomy.gov.Fuel Economy EstimatesThe purpose of EPAs fuel economy estimates is toprovide a reliable basis for comparing vehicles.Most vehicles in this guide(other than plug-in hybrids)have three fuel economy estimates:A city estimate that represents urban driving,inwhich a vehicle is started in the morning(after beingparked all night)and driven in stop-and-go trafficA highway estimate that represents a mixture ofrural and interstate highway driving in a warmed-upvehicle,typical of longer trips in free-owing trafficA combined estimate that represents acombination of city driving(55%)and highwaydriving(45%)Estimates for all vehicles are based on laboratorytesting under standardized conditions to allow for faircomparisons.Flexible fuel vehicles(FFVs),which can use gasolineand E85,have estimates for both fuels.Plug-in hybridelectric vehicles(PHEVs)have estimates for(1)electric-only or blended electric and gasoline operation and(2)gasoline-only operation.PHEVs are discussed inmore detail on page 43.For answers to frequentlyasked questions about fuel economy estimates,visitfueleconomy.gov.Annual Fuel Cost EstimatesThis guide provides annual fuel cost estimates,rounded to the nearest$50,for each vehicle.Theestimates are based on the assumptions that youtravel 15,000 miles per year(55%under city drivingconditions and 45%under highway conditions)andthat fuel costs$3.15/gallon for regular unleadedgasoline,$3.72/gallon for mid-grade unleadedgasoline,and$4.09/gallon for premium.Cost-per-gallon assumptions for vehicles that use other fueltypes are discussed at the beginning of those vehiclesections.Visit fueleconomy.gov to personalize fuel costs basedon current fuel prices and your driving habits.Your Fuel Economy Will VaryEPAs fuel economy values are good estimates ofthe fuel economy a typical driver will achieve underaverage driving conditions and provide a goodbasis to compare one vehicle to another.Still,yourfuel economy may be slightly higher or lower thanEPAs estimates.Fuel economy varies,sometimessignicantly,based on driving conditions,driving style,and other factors.To ensure that estimates are consistent acrossdifferent makes and models,the EPA estimatesare based on a standardized,repeatable testingprocedure.These tests model an average driversenvironment and behavior based on real-worldconditions,such as stop-and-go traffic.However,it is impossible for a single test topredict fuel economy precisely for all drivers in allenvironments.For example,the following factors canlower your vehicles fuel economy:Aggressive driving(speeding and hard accelerationand hard braking)Excessive idling,accelerating,and braking in stop-and-go trafficCold weather(engines are more efficient whenwarmed up).The impact is greater for short trips.Driving with a heavy load or with the air conditionerrunningImproperly tuned engine or under-inated tiresDriving on mountainous or hilly terrainHigh-performance or snow tiresUse of remote startersIn addition,small variations in vehicle manufacturingcan cause fuel economy variations in the same makeand model,and some vehicles dont attain maximumfuel economy until they are broken in(around 3,0005,000 miles).With fuel-efficient driving techniques,drivers may alsoachieve better fuel economy than the EPA estimates.See Improve Your Fuel Economy on page 6 for tipson maximizing your fuel economy.The EPA ratings are a useful tool for comparingvehicles because they are always done in preciselythe same way under the same set of conditions.However,they may not accurately predict the fueleconomy you will get.This is also true for annual fuelcost estimates.For more information on fuel economyratings and factors that affect fuel economy,visitfueleconomy.gov.FUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 20211HOW THE GUIDE IS ORGANIZEDFuel economy estimates for all vehicles begin with the 2021 ModelYear Vehicles section on page 10.Vehicles are organized by EPAvehicle class and,for trucks and vans,drive type(two-or four-wheeldrive).Additional sections are dedicated to specic vehicle technology or fueltypes for consumers looking for advanced vehicles or alternatives togasoline vehiclesdiesels,plug-in hybrids,all-electric vehicles,ex-fuel vehicles,and fuel cell vehicles.WHY SOME VEHICLES ARE NOT LISTEDLight-duty fuel economy regulations do not apply toSport utility vehicles(SUVs)and passenger vans with a gross vehicleweight rating(GVWR)of more than 10,000 poundsGVWR is thevehicle weight plus carrying capacityOther vehicles with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or more or a curbweight over 6,000 poundsTherefore,manufacturers do not have to estimate their fuel economy,and fuel economy labels are not posted on their windows.Also,fueleconomy information on some vehicles was not available in time to beincluded in this guide.More up-to-date information can be found atfueleconomy.gov.VEHICLE CLASSES USED IN THIS GUIDECARSTRUCKSClassPassenger&Cargo Volume(cu.ft.)TWO-SEATER CARSAnySEDANSMinicompactUnder 85Subcompact85 to 99Compact100 to 109Midsize110 to 119Large120 or moreSTATION WAGONSSmallUnder 130Midsize130 to 159Large160 or moreClassGross Vehicle Weight Rating*(pounds)PICKUP TRUCKSSmallUnder 6,000Standard6,000 to 8,500VANSPassengerUnder 10,000CargoUnder 8,500MINIVANSUnder 8,500SPORT UTILITY VEHICLESSmallUnder 6,000Standard6,000 to 9,999SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLESUnder 8,500*Gross vehicle weight rating is vehicle weight plus carrying capacity.UNDERSTANDING THE GUIDE LISTINGS2We hope you nd the Fuel Economy Guide easy to use!Fuel economyand annual fuel cost data are organized by vehicle class(see page 1 fora list of classes).Within each class,vehicles are listed alphabetically bymanufacturer and model.Vehicle models with different features,such as engine size ortransmission type,are listed separately.Engine and transmissionattributes are shown in the rst column under the model name.Additional attributes needed to distinguish among vehicles(e.g.,fuel type or suggested fuel grade)are listed in the“Notes”column.Alegend for abbreviations is provided on page 10.A P in the Notes column indicates that the manufacturer recommends that the vehicle be fueled with premium-grade gasoline,and a PR indicates that the manufacturer requires premium.Thehigher price of premium fuel is reected in the annual fuel cost ofthese vehicles.The most fuel-efficient vehicles in each class and alternative fuelvehicles are indicated with special markings(see the diagram below).Vehicles that can use more than one kind of fuel have an entry foreach fuel type.Interior passenger and cargo volumes are located inthe index at the back of the Guide.Each vehicle listing includes a greenhouse gas(GHG)rating on a scaleof 1(worst)to 10(best).This rating is a comparison of the tailpipe GHGemissions of the vehicle to those of other vehicles of the same modelyear.Highway vehicles account for about 24%(1.7 billion tons)of U.S.greenhouse gas emissions each year.The average recent-modelvehicle causes the release of 6 to 9 tons of GHGs each year.Switchingfrom a vehicle that gets 20 miles per gallon(MPG)to one that gets 25MPG can reduce GHG emissions by 1.7 tons per year.Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissionsby Vehicle MPG(gasoline vehicles)*Includes both tailpipe and upstream emissionsFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 20213TAX INCENTIVES AND DISINCENTIVESFederal Tax CreditsYou may be eligible for a federal income tax credit of up to$7,500 ifyou purchase a qualifying electric or plug-in hybrid vehicle in 20202021.Note that the federal tax credit begins to phase out for eachmanufacturer after it has sold more than 200,000 qualifying vehicles.Therefore,Tesla vehicles purchased after 12/31/2019 and GeneralMotors vehicles purchased after 3/31/2020 are not eligible.Visitfueleconomy.gov for more information on qualifying models,creditamounts,and phase-out dates.Gas Guzzler TaxThe Energy Tax Act of 1978 requires auto companies to pay a gasguzzler tax on the sale of cars with exceptionally low fuel economy.Such vehicles are identied in the Guide by the word Tax in theNotes column.In the dealer showroom,the words Gas Guzzler andthe tax amount are listed on the vehicles fuel economy label.The taxdoes not apply to light trucks.FUEL ECONOMY SAVES YOU MONEYThe average household spends about one-fth of its total familyexpenditures on transportation,making it the second most expensivecategory after housing.You could save as much as$1,000(or more)in fuel costs each year by choosing the most fuel-efficient vehicle in aparticular class.This can add up to thousands of dollars over a vehicleslifetime.Fuel-efficient models come in all shapes and sizes,so youneed not sacrice utility or size.Each vehicle listing in the Fuel Economy Guide provides an estimatedannual fuel cost(see page i).The Find and Compare Cars tool atfueleconomy.gov features an annual fuel cost calculator that allowsyou to insert your local gasoline prices and typical driving conditions(percentage of city and highway driving)to obtain more accurate fuelcost information for your vehicle.FUELING OPTIONS4Ethanol BlendsE85,E15,and E10Ethanol is a domestically produced,renewable fuel made primarilyfrom corn and sugar cane.The use of ethanol as a vehicle fuel canreduce greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.E10 is a blend of 10%ethanol and 90%gasoline and is legal for usein any gasoline-powered vehicle.Most of the gasoline sold in theU.S.contains up to 10%ethanol to boost octane,meet air qualityrequirements,or satisfy the federal Renewable Fuel Standard.As of2011,EPA began allowing the use of E15 in model year 2001 andnewer gasoline vehicles.Ethanol contains about one-third less energythan gasoline.So,vehicles will typically go 3%4wer miles pergallon on E10 and 4%5wer miles per gallon on E15 than on 100%gasoline.While E10 is available everywhere,E15 is currently availableat about 2,000 stations in the United States.E85(or ex fuel)is a high-level ethanol-gasoline blend containing51%ethanol,depending on the season and geographic location.Drivers can use E85 in exible fuel vehicles(FFVs),which are speciallydesigned to run on gasoline,E85,or any mixture of the two.FFVsare offered by several vehicle manufacturers.To determine whetheryour vehicle is an FFV,check the inside of your cars fuel ller doorfor an identication sticker or consult your owners manual.Morethan 3,600 lling stations in the United States currently sell E85.Visitafdc.energy.gov/locator/stations to nd stations near you.FFVs typically experience a 15%drop in fuel economy whenoperating on E85 instead of regular gasoline due to ethanols lowerenergy content and other factors,assuming gasoline typicallycontains about 10%ethanol.Drivers should notice no degradationin performance.In fact,some FFVs produce more torque andhorsepower when fueled with higher-level ethanol blends.BiodieselBiodiesel is a domestically produced renewable fuel manufacturedfrom vegetable oils or animal fats for use in diesel vehicles.Usingbiodiesel in place of petroleum diesel can reduce GHG emissions.Biodiesel can be blended with petroleum diesel at any percentage.B20 is a common biodiesel blend that contains 20%biodiesel and80%petroleum diesel.B5(5%biodiesel and 95%petroleum diesel)is another common blend.All vehicle manufacturers have approvedbiodiesel blends up to and including B5 for use in all diesel engines,and some have approved the use of blends up to B20 in a few recentmodel year vehicles.Keep in mind that using higher-level biodieselblends may affect your vehicle warranty.Check your owners manualor check with your vehicle manufacturer to determine the right blendfor your vehicle.Purchase commercial-grade biodiesel from a reputable dealer.Neverrefuel with recycled grease or vegetable oil that has not been converted tobiodiesel.It will damage your engine.About 300 stations currently dispense B20.Visit afdc.energy.gov/locator/stations to nd service stations selling biodiesel near you.Premium-vs Regular-Grade GasolineRegular unleaded(87 octane)is the recommended fuel for mostgasoline vehicles.Using a higher-octane gasoline than recommendedby the owners manual does not improve performance or fuelefficiency under normal conditions.Check your owners manualfor the recommended grade of fuel for your vehicle,and visitfueleconomy.gov for more information about selecting the rightoctane for your vehicle.FUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 20215Charging Your Electric or Plug-in Hybrid VehicleElectric vehicle(EV)and plug-in hybrid owners have several chargingoptions.Many owners will do most of their charging at home.Someworkplaces,businesses,and multi-unit dwellings(condos/apartments)provide charging,and there are about 26,000 public charging stationsacross the country.There are three basic types of charging:Level 1 charging:You can plug into a regular 120-volt(V)outletthe kind found in your home.This is the slowest type of chargingabout 2 to 5 miles of range per hour of chargingbut requires nospecial charger or outlet type.Most,if not all,plug-in vehicles areequipped with a cord to allow this type of charging.Level 2 charging:These chargers supply current at 208 to 240 V andprovide 10 to 20 miles of range per hour of charging.Most publicchargers are Level 2 chargers.You can also have a Level 2 chargerinstalled at home.Most public chargers use a standard plug typethat is compatible with all vehicles from major manufacturers.Teslacharging stations use a different plug type that cannot be used byother vehicles.However,Tesla provides an adaptor that allows itsvehicles to use both Tesla and standard Level 2 charging stations.Fast charging:Also called DC fast charging or DC quick charging,this is the fastest kind of charging,providing 60 to 80 miles of range(or more)to the battery in 20 minutes.Not all vehicles can acceptfast charging,nor do all vehicles use the same type of plug forDC fast charging,so check your owners manual.Quick chargingstations are usually located along heavy traffic corridors.Due toexpense and electric current requirements,they are not practical forhome installation.Note:Charge rate can vary based on vehicle model.So,checkthe owners manual for estimated charge time.Charge rate alsodepends on other factors,such as the batterys state of chargeand the ambient temperature.Visit afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_infrastructure.html for more information.ALTERNATIVE FUELING STATION LOCATORWondering where you can fuel up your alternative fuel vehicle?TheAlternative Fueling Station Locator can help you nd a station nearyou or within a given distance from a planned route.The StationLocator shows fueling locations for ethanol,electricity,biodiesel,propane,natural gas,and hydrogen.Check it out at afdc.energy.gov/stations.IMPROVE YOUR FUEL ECONOMY6Drive More EfficientlyAggressive driving(speeding and rapid acceleration/braking)canlower your gas mileage by roughly 150%at highway speedsand 10%in stop-and-go traffic.Driver feedback devices can help you drive more efficiently,improving fuel economy by up to 10%.Observe the speed limit.Each 5 MPH you drive over 60 MPH canreduce your fuel economy by 7%.For a personalized estimate of theeffect of speeding on your fuel economy,visit fueleconomy.gov.Avoid idling.Idling gets 0 miles per gallon and costs as much as$0.02 per minute.Using cruise control on the highway helps you maintain a constantspeed and,in most cases,will save fuel.Keep Your Car in ShapeServicing a car that is noticeably out of tune can improve your gasmileage by about 4%.Keeping tires inated to the recommended pressure can typicallyimprove fuel economy by 0.6%.The manufacturers recommended tire pressure can be found on thetire information placard and/or vehicle certication label located onthe vehicle door edge,doorpost,glove-box door,or inside the trunklid.Using the recommended grade of motor oil can improve your fueleconomy by 1%2%if youve been using the wrong grade.Keep your tires aligned and balanced.Replacing a clogged air lter can improve gas mileage on older carswith carbureted engines.Plan and Combine TripsA warmed-up engine is more fuel-efficient than a cold one.Manyshort trips taken from a cold start can use twice as much fuel as onemultipurpose trip covering the same distance.Note:Letting your car idle to warm up doesnt help your fueleconomy:it actually uses more fuel and creates more pollution.Other SolutionsAvoid carrying unneeded items.An extra 100 pounds can decreasefuel economy by about 1%.Avoid carrying cargo on your roof.A large,blunt rooftop cargo box,for example,can reduce fuel economy by 2%8%in city driving,6%on the highway,and 10%at interstate speeds(65 to75 MPH).Rear-mount cargo boxes or trays reduce fuel economy by much less(1%2%in city driving and 1%5%on the highway).Use the“economy mode”feature if your vehicle has one.For more tips on improving fuel economy,such as cold-weather tips;hot-weather tips;and tips for hybrids,plug-in hybrids,and all-electricvehicles,visit fueleconomy.gov.Tips for Electric and Hybrid VehiclesMost of the driving tips for conventional vehicles will also helpincrease the range of electric vehicles and hybrids.In addition to thedriving tips above,the tips below will help you get the most out ofyour electric or hybrid vehicle.1.Read your owners manual.The automaker knows how to operateand maintain your vehicle to maximize fuel economy,drivingrange,and battery life.So,consult the owners manual for tipsspecic to your vehicle.2.Use the economy(Eco)mode.Many of these vehicles come withan economy mode or similar feature to improve fuel economy.You can often turn on this feature by just pressing a button.3.Avoid hard braking.Anticipate stops and brake gently ormoderately.This allows the regenerative braking system torecover energy from the vehicles forward motion and store it aselectricity.Hard braking causes the vehicle to use its conventionalfriction brakes,which do not recover energy.4.Keep the battery charged.Keeping your plug-in hybrids batterycharged helps you use as much electricity and as little gasoline aspossible,saving you fuel and money and extending the vehiclesrange.For EVs,it helps maximize your driving range.5.Use accessories wisely.Using accessories such as heating,airconditioning,and entertainment systems can lower fuel economymore for electric vehicles and hybrids than for conventionalvehicles.So,keep that in mind when trying to maximize fueleconomy or electric range.Pre-heating or pre-cooling the cabinof a plug-in hybrid or EV while its plugged in,for example,canextend its electric range.ADVANCED VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIESFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 20217Manufacturers are using advanced technologies to improve fueleconomy in many of their vehicles.Along with plug-in hybrids,all-electric vehicles,and fuel cell vehicles,new technologies are alsobeing used to make conventional vehicles more efficient.Someof these fuel-saving technologies are described below.For moreinformation,visit fueleconomy.gov.Hybrid VehiclesHybrids combine the best features of the internal combustion enginewith an electric motor and can signicantly improve fuel economy.They are primarily propelled by an internal combustion engine,just like conventional vehicles.However,they also use regenerativebraking to convert energy normally wasted during coasting andbraking into electricity.The recovered electricity is stored in a batteryuntil needed by the electric motor.The electric motor assists theengine when accelerating or hill climbing and at low speeds,whereinternal combustion engines are least efficient.Fuel efficiency can vary signicantly among different hybrid modelsdue to battery and electric motor size.Hybrids with larger batteriesand electric motors,sometimes called full or strong hybrids,canstore more electricity and provide more power to assist the gasolineengine.Some can even run on the electric motor alone for shortdistances.Hybrids with smaller batteries and electric motors are oftenreferred to as mild hybrids.Mild hybrid systems have a smaller effecton fuel economy.In the Guide listings,full hybrids are indicated byHEV in the Notes column,while mild hybrids are indicated byMHEV.Note:Unlike plug-in hybrids(described on page 43),conventional hybridscannot be plugged into an external source of electricity to be rechargedor run on electricity for any substantial distance.Instead,gasoline andregenerative braking provide all of the vehicles energy.Stop-Start SystemsStop-start systems(sometimes called idle-stop,smart start,or othermanufacturer-specic names)save fuel by turning off the enginewhen the vehicle comes to a stop and automatically starting it backup when you step on the accelerator.Stop-start can improve fueleconomy by up to 5%and provides the biggest benet in conditionswhere the engine would otherwise be idling,such as stop-and-go citydriving.These systems are currently available on all hybrids and onhundreds of conventional vehicle models.Cylinder DeactivationCylinder deactivation turns off some of the engines cylinders whenthey are not needed.This temporarily and seamlessly turns an 8-or 6-cylinder engine into a more efficient 4-or 3-cylinder engine.TurbochargingTurbocharging increases engine power,allowing a smaller,more fuel-efficient engine to be used in place of a larger one.Replacing an 8-cylinder engine with a turbocharged 6-cylinder or a 6-cylinder enginewith a turbocharged 4-cylinder can save fuel and still provide extrapower when needed.Advanced TransmissionsThe advanced electronics in todays vehicles can optimize gearshifting for improved fuel efficiency.Six-,7-,and 8-speed automatictransmissions are most common,and some have even more gears.Continuously variable transmissions(CVTs)can change seamlesslythrough an innite number of gears.Transmissions with moregears allow the engine to run at its most efficient speed more often,improving fuel economy.Improved AerodynamicsReducing a vehicles aerodynamic drag(wind resistance)improvesfuel economy,especially at higher speeds.Many manufacturers areimproving aerodynamics by rening vehicle shapes or by employingexternal moving parts such as shutters that close off the grill,allowing air to ow smoothly around the vehicle instead of into theengine compartment,where it produces more drag.Lighter VehiclesReducing vehicle weight improves fuel economy,so manufacturersare beginning to redesign vehicles to weigh less while maintainingperformance and safety.For example,replacing a steel body with onemade from a lighter-weight material,such as aluminum,can reducevehicle weight by hundreds of pounds.ANNUAL FUEL COST RANGES FOR VEHICLE CLASSES8The graph below provides the annual fuel cost ranges for the vehicles in each class so you can see where a given vehicles cost falls within itsclass.Annual fuel costs assume that you travel 15,000 miles each year,drive 55%in the city and 45%on the highway,and that fuel costs$3.15/gallon for regular unleaded gasoline,$4.09/gallon for premium,$3.68/gallon for diesel,and$0.15/kWh for electricity.Visit fueleconomy.gov tocalculate the annual fuel cost for a specic vehicle based on your own driving conditions and fuel prices.Annual Fuel CostFuel economy estimates on this chart do not include vehicles operating on compressed natural gas(CNG),E85,or hydrogen.MOST EFFICIENT VEHICLESFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 20219Listed below are vehicles with the highest fuel economy in the mostpopular classes.For each vehicle class,we list the most efficientvehicle.If the most fuel efficient vehicle is a plug-in hybrid(PHEV)orall-electric vehicle(EV),we also list the most fuel efficient conventionalvehicle.Rankings are based on combined city and highway fueleconomy estimates,which assume 55%city driving and 45%highwaydriving.Please note that many vehicle models come in a rangeof engine sizes and trim lines,resulting in different fuel economyvalues.If there is only one vehicle in a class,a fuel economy leaderis not listed.For an up-to-date list of fuel economy leaders,visitfueleconomy.gov.Trans Type/SpeedsEng Size/CylindersMPG(e)CombinedTWO-SEATER CARSMAZDAMX-5.A-S6.2.0L/4cyl.30MINICOMPACT CARSPOLESTAR1(PHEV).A-S8.2.0L/4cyl.45MINICooper Convertible.AM-S7.1.5L/3cyl.31SUBCOMPACT CARSBMWi3(EV).A-1.113*i3s(EV).A-1.113*CHEVROLETSpark.M-5.1.4L/4cyl.33Spark.AV.1.4L/4cyl.33Spark ACTIV.AV.1.4L/4cyl.33COMPACT CARSKANDIK27(EV).A-1.114*TOYOTAMirai XLE.AV.74MIDSIZE CARSTESLAModel 3 Standard Range Plus RWD(EV).A-1.142*HONDAClarity FCV.A-1.68LARGE CARSTESLAModel S Long Range(EV).A-1.120*HYUNDAIIoniq Blue(hybrid).AM-S6.1.6L/4cyl.59Trans Type/SpeedsEng Size/CylindersMPG(e)CombinedSMALL STATION WAGONSCHEVROLETBolt EV.AV.118*KIANiro FE(hybrid).AM-S6.1.6L/4cyl.50MIDSIZE STATION WAGONSVOLVOV90 FWD.A-S8.2.0L/4cyl.26SMALL PICKUP TRUCKSCHEVROLETColorado 2WD(diesel).A-6.2.8L/4cyl.23GMCCanyon 2WD(diesel).A-6.2.8L/4cyl.23STANDARD PICKUP TRUCKSCHEVROLETSilverado 2WD(diesel).A-10.3.0L/6cyl.27MINIVANSCHRYSLERPacica Hybrid(PHEV).AV.3.6L/6cyl.48TOYOTASienna Hybrid 2WD.AV-S6.2.5L/4cyl.36SMALL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLESTESLAModel Y Standard Range RWD(EV).A-1.129*HYUNDAINexo Blue.A-1.61STANDARD SPORT UTILITY VEHICLESTESLAModel X Long Range Plus(EV).A-1.105*TOYOTAHighlander Hybrid AWD.AV-S6.2.5L/4cyl.35Highlander Hybrid AWD LTD/PLAT.AV-S6.2.5L/4cyl.35*This is an electric vehicle.Since electricity is not measured in gallons,a conversion factor is used to translate the fuel economy into miles per gallon of gasolineequivalent(MPGe).This vehicle is a plug-in hybrid,which runs on both gasoline and electricity.Since electricity is not measured in gallons,a conversion factor is used to translatethe fuel economy when running on electricity into miles per gallon of gasoline equivalent(MPGe).The combined MPGe estimate includes both city andhighway driving and gasoline and electric energy use.2021 MODEL YEAR VEHICLES10This section contains the fuel economy values for 2021 model yearvehicles.Additional information for alternative fuel vehicles can befound on pages 3949.Alternative fuel vehicles are highlighted witha green bar,and those that can use two kinds of fuel,such as exiblefuel vehicles,have an entry for each fuel type.The most fuel-efficientvehicles in each class are marked with a green pointer().ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE:.Highest MPG in Class2WD.Two-Wheel Drive4WD.Four-Wheel DriveA.Automatic TransmissionA-S.Automatic Transmission-Select ShiftAM.Automated ManualAM-S.Automated Manual-SelectableAV.Continuously Variable TransmissionAV-S.Continuously Variable Transmission withSelect ShiftAWD.All-Wheel DriveC.D.With Cylinder DeactivationCity.MPG on City Test ProcedureCyl.CylindersComb.CombinedD.Ultra-Low Sulfur DieselE85.85%Ethanol/15%GasolineEng Size.Engine Volume in LitersEV.Electric VehicleFCV.Fuel Cell VehicleFFV.Flexible Fuel VehicleFWD.Front-Wheel DriveGas.Regular GasolineGHG.Greenhouse GasGVWR.Gross Vehicle Weight RatingH.HydrogenHP.HorsepowerHEV.Hybrid-Electric VehicleHwy.MPG on Highway Test ProcedureLi-ion.Lithium ionLWB.Long WheelbaseM.Manual TransmissionMDPV.Medium-duty Passenger VehicleMid.Midgrade GasolineMHEV.Mild Hybrid-Electric VehicleMode.Multimode TransmissionMPG.Miles per GallonNA.Not AvailableNi-MH.Nickel-Metal HydrideP.Premium Gasoline RecommendedPHEV.Plug-in Hybrid Electric VehiclePR.Premium Gasoline RequiredPT4.Part-time 4WDRWD.Rear Wheel DriveS.SuperchargerSS.Stop-Start TechnologyT.TurbochargerTax.Subject to Gas Guzzler TaxTrans.TransmissionXFE.Optional Technology PackageFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202111MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesTWO-SEATER CARSACURANSX HybridAM-S9,3.5L,6cyl2121/22$2,9004PR T HEV SSASTON MARTINVantage ManualM-7,4.0L,8cyl1714/21$3,6003P T SSVantage V8A-S8,4.0L,8cyl2018/24$3,0504P TAUDIR8AM-S7,5.2L,10cyl1613/20$3,8502PR Tax C.D.R8 2WDAM-S7,5.2L,10cyl1714/23$3,6003PR Tax C.D.R8 SpyderAM-S7,5.2L,10cyl1613/20$3,8502PR Tax C.D.R8 Spyder 2WDAM-S7,5.2L,10cyl1714/23$3,6003PR Tax C.D.TT Roadster quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$1,8005T SSBMWZ4 M40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSZ4 sDrive30iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/32$2,2006P T SSBUGATTIChironAM-S7,8.0L,16cyl119/14$5,6001PR T Tax C.D.Chiron Pur SportAM-S7,8.0L,16cyl108/13$6,1501PR T Tax C.D.CHEVROLETCorvetteA-S8,6.2L,8cyl1915/27$3,2503PR C.D.FERRARI812 GTSAM-7,6.5L,12cyl1312/15$4,7001PR Tax SS812 SuperfastAM-7,6.5L,12cyl1312/16$4,7001PR Tax SSF8 SpiderAM-7,3.9L,8cyl1615/18$3,8502PR T Tax SSF8 TributoAM-7,3.9L,8cyl1615/19$3,8502PR T Tax SSSF90 Stradale CoupeAM-8,3.9L,8cylSee page 43.PR T Tax PHEV SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesFORDGTAM-7,3.5L,6cyl1412/18$4,4001PR T TaxJAGUARF-Type ConvertibleA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/30$2,3505P T SSF-Type CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/30$2,3505P T SSF-Type R AWD ConvertibleA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1816/24$3,4003P S SSF-Type R AWD CoupeA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1816/24$3,4003P S SSF-Type S AWD ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2118/26$2,9004P S SSF-Type S AWD CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2118/26$2,9004P S SSF-Type S ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004P S SSF-Type S CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004P S SSLAMBORGHINIAventador CoupeAM-S7,6.5L,12cyl108/15$6,1501PR Tax C.D.SSAventador RoadsterAM-S7,6.5L,12cyl109/15$6,1501PR Tax C.D.SSAventador Sian CoupeAM-S7,6.5L,12cyl108/14$6,1501PR Tax C.D.SSAventador Sian RoadsterAM-S7,6.5L,12cyl108/14$6,1501PR Tax C.D.SSHuracanAM-S7,5.2L,10cyl1513/18$4,1002PR Tax C.D.Huracan 2WDAM-S7,5.2L,10cyl1513/18$4,1002PR Tax C.D.Huracan SpyderAM-S7,5.2L,10cyl1513/18$4,1002PR Tax C.D.Huracan Spyder 2WDAM-S7,5.2L,10cyl1513/18$4,1002PR Tax C.D.MAZDAMX-5 A-S6,2.0L,4cyl3026/35$2,0506PM-6,2.0L,4cyl2926/34$2,1006PMCLAREN AUTOMOTIVE720S CoupeAM-S7,4.0L,8cyl1815/22$3,4003P T720S Coupe LMAM-S7,4.0L,8cyl1815/22$3,4003P T720S SpiderAM-S7,4.0L,8cyl1815/22$3,4003P T12MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotes765LT CoupeAM-S7,4.0L,8cyl1614/18$3,8502P T TaxElvaAM-S7,4.0L,8cyl1815/21$3,4003P TGTAM-S7,4.0L,8cyl1815/22$3,4003P TMERCEDES-BENZAMG GT Black SeriesAM-7,4.0L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T Tax SSAMG GT C CoupeAM-7,4.0L,8cyl1715/19$3,6003PR T Tax SSAMG GT C RoadsterAM-7,4.0L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T Tax SSAMG GT CoupeAM-7,4.0L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T Tax SSAMG GT R CoupeAM-7,4.0L,8cyl1614/20$3,8502PR T Tax SSAMG GT RoadsterAM-7,4.0L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T Tax SSNISSAN370ZM-6,3.7L,6cyl2017/26$3,0504PRPORSCHE718 BoxsterAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2421/27$2,5505PR T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2220/26$2,8004PR T SS718 Boxster GTSAM-S7,4.0L,6cyl2119/24$2,9004PM-6,4.0L,6cyl1917/24$3,2503P718 Boxster SAM-S7,2.5L,4cyl2219/25$2,8004PR T SSM-6,2.5L,4cyl2119/24$2,9004PR T SS718 Boxster TAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2321/27$2,6505PR T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2220/26$2,8004PR T SS718 CaymanAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2421/27$2,5505PR T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2220/26$2,8004PR T SS718 Cayman GT4AM-S7,4.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PM-6,4.0L,6cyl1917/23$3,2503P718 Cayman GTSAM-S7,4.0L,6cyl2119/24$2,9004PM-6,4.0L,6cyl1917/24$3,2503P718 Cayman SAM-S7,2.5L,4cyl2219/25$2,8004PR T SSM-6,2.5L,4cyl2119/24$2,9004PR T SS718 Cayman TAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2321/27$2,6505PR T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2220/26$2,8004PR T SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotes718 SpyderAM-S7,4.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PM-6,4.0L,6cyl1917/23$3,2503PTOYOTAGR SupraA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/32$2,2006P T SSA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSMINICOMPACT CARSASTON MARTINDB11 V12A-S8,5.2L,12cyl1815/22$3,4003P T C.D.DB11 V8A-S8,4.0L,8cyl2018/24$3,0504P TDBSA-S8,5.2L,12cyl1714/22$3,6003P T Tax C.D.BENTLEYContinental GT ConvertibleAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl1916/26$3,2503P T C.D.SSAM-S8,6.0L,12cyl1512/19$4,1002P T Tax C.D.SSFERRARIPortonoAM-7,3.9L,8cyl1816/22$3,4003PR T SSPortono MAM-8,3.9L,8cyl1916/23$3,2503PR T SSLEXUSLC 500 ConvertibleA-S10,5.0L,8cyl1815/25$3,4003PRLOTUSEvora GTA-S6,3.5L,6cyl2017/24$3,0504P SM-6,3.5L,6cyl2017/26$3,0504P SMINICooper Convertible AM-S7,1.5L,3cyl3128/37$2,0007P T SSM-6,1.5L,3cyl3026/37$2,0506P TCooper S ConvertibleAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2926/34$2,1006P TM-6,2.0L,4cyl2623/32$2,3505P TJohn Cooper Works ConvertibleA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/33$2,2006P T SSPOLESTAR1 A-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PR T S PHEV SSPORSCHE911 CarreraAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202113MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotes911 Carrera 4AM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SS911 Carrera 4 CabrioletAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SS911 Carrera 4SAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504PR T SSM-7,3.0L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504PR T SS911 Carrera 4S CabrioletAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504PR T SSM-7,3.0L,6cyl2017/24$3,0504PR T SS911 Carrera CabrioletAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SS911 Carrera SAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504PR T SSM-7,3.0L,6cyl2118/25$2,9004PR T SS911 Carrera S CabrioletAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504PR T SSM-7,3.0L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504PR T SS911 Targa 4AM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SS911 Targa 4SAM-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504PR T SSM-7,3.0L,6cyl2017/24$3,0504PR T SS911 TurboAM-S8,3.7L,6cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T Tax SS911 Turbo CabrioletAM-S8,3.7L,6cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T Tax SS911 Turbo SAM-S8,3.7L,6cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T SS911 Turbo S CabrioletAM-S8,3.7L,6cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T Tax SSSUBCOMPACT CARSAUDIA5 Cabriolet quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505P T MHEV SSA5 quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2724/31$2,2506P T MHEV SSRS 5A-S8,2.9L,6cyl2018/25$3,0504P TS5A-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505P T SSS5 CabrioletA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,8004P T SSTT Coupe quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$1,8005T SSTT RSAM-S7,2.5L,5cyl2420/30$2,5505P TTTS CoupeAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2523/29$2,4505P T SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesBENTLEYContinental GTAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl1916/26$3,2503P T C.D.SSAM-S8,6.0L,12cyl1512/20$4,1002P T Tax C.D.SSBMW230i ConvertibleA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/33$2,2506P T SS230i CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/32$2,2006P T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2521/32$2,4505P T SS230i xDrive ConvertibleA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/30$2,5505P T SS230i xDrive CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/30$2,5505P T SS430i ConvertibleA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2724/33$2,2506P T SS430i CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2926/34$2,1006P T SS430i xDrive CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2724/33$2,2506P T SS840i ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/29$2,4505P T SS840i CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2523/30$2,4505P T SS840i xDrive ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/27$2,6505P T SS840i xDrive CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/27$2,6505P T SSi3 A-1113124/102$65010EVi3 with Range ExtenderA-1,0.6L,2cylSee page 43.P PHEV SSi3s A-1113124/102$65010EVi3s with Range ExtenderA-1,0.6L,2cylSee page 43.P PHEV SSM2 Competition CoupeAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl1916/23$3,2503P T SSM-6,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504P T SSM240i ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2421/30$2,5505P T SSM-6,3.0L,6cyl2119/27$2,9004P T SSM240i CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2421/30$2,5505P T SSM-6,3.0L,6cyl2119/27$2,9004P T SSM240i xDrive ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2421/30$2,5505P T SSM240i xDrive CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2421/30$2,5505P T SSM4 Competition CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1916/23$3,2503P T SS14MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesM4 CoupeM-6,3.0L,6cyl1916/23$3,2503P T SSM440i ConvertibleA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2623/31$2,3505P T MHEV SSM440i xDrive CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/31$2,4505P T MHEV SSM8 Competition ConvertibleA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T Tax SSM8 ConvertibleA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T Tax SSM850i xDrive ConvertibleA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1917/24$3,2503P T SSM850i xDrive CoupeA-S8,4.4L,8cyl2017/25$3,0504P T SSCHEVROLETCamaroA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505PR TM-6,2.0L,4cyl2219/29$2,8004PR TA-S10,3.6L,6cyl2218/29$2,1504C.D.M-6,3.6L,6cyl2016/26$2,3504A-S10,6.2L,8cyl2016/26$3,0504PR C.D.A-S10,6.2L,8cyl1613/21$3,8502PR S TaxM-6,6.2L,8cyl1916/24$3,2503PRM-6,6.2L,8cyl1614/20$3,8502PR S TaxSpark AV,1.4L,4cyl3330/38$1,4507 M-5,1.4L,4cyl3329/38$1,4507Spark ACTIV AV,1.4L,4cyl3330/37$1,4507M-5,1.4L,4cyl3229/37$1,5007FERRARIRomaAM-8,3.9L,8cyl1917/22$3,2503PR T SSFORDMustangA-10,2.3L,4cyl2521/32$1,9005TA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2521/32$1,9005TM-6,2.3L,4cyl2421/29$1,9505TA-S10,5.0L,8cyl1915/24$2,5003M-6,5.0L,8cyl1815/24$2,6003Mustang ConvertibleA-10,2.3L,4cyl2320/28$2,0505TA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2320/28$2,0505TM-6,2.3L,4cyl2320/27$2,0505TA-S10,5.0L,8cyl1815/23$2,6003Mustang HO ConvertibleA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2219/26$2,1504TM-6,2.3L,4cyl2119/25$2,2504TMustang HO CoupeA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2320/27$2,0505TM-6,2.3L,4cyl2220/27$2,1504TMustang Mach 1A-S10,5.0L,8cyl1815/23$2,6003M-6,5.0L,8cyl1714/22$2,8003TaxMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesShelby GT500 MustangAM-7,5.2L,8cyl1412/18$4,4001PR S TaxINFINITIQ60A-S7,3.0L,6cyl2219/28$2,8004PR TQ60 AWDA-S7,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004PR TQ60 Red SportA-S7,3.0L,6cyl2220/27$2,8004PR TQ60 Red Sport AWDA-S7,3.0L,6cyl2119/26$2,9004PR TKARMAGS-6(21-inch wheels)A-1,1.5L,3cylSee page 43.PR T PHEV SSGS-6(22-inch wheels)A-1,1.5L,3cylSee page 43.PR T PHEV SSLEXUSLC 500A-S10,5.0L,8cyl1916/25$3,2503PRLC 500hAV-S10,3.5L,6cyl2926/34$2,1006PR HEV SSRC 300A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2521/31$2,4505PR TRC 300 AWDA-S6,3.5L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PRRC 350A-S8,3.5L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505PRRC 350 AWDA-S6,3.5L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PRRC FA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1916/24$3,2503PRMERCEDES-BENZA220AM-7,2.0L,4cyl2925/36$2,1006PR T SSA220 4maticAM-7,2.0L,4cyl2825/34$2,2006PR T SSAMG A35 4maticAM-7,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$2,4505PR T SSAMG C43 4matic ConvertibleA-9,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004PR T SSAMG C43 4matic CoupeA-9,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004PR T SSAMG C63 ConvertibleA-9,4.0L,8cyl2017/25$3,0504PR T SSAMG C63 CoupeA-9,4.0L,8cyl2017/26$3,0504PR T SSAMG C63 S ConvertibleA-9,4.0L,8cyl2017/25$3,0504PR T SSAMG C63 S CoupeA-9,4.0L,8cyl2017/26$3,0504PR T SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202115MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesAMG E53 4matic Plus ConvertibleA-9,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,6505PR MHEV SSAMG E53 4matic Plus CoupeA-9,3.0L,6cyl2421/28$2,5505PR MHEV SSAMG S63 4matic Plus ConvertibleA-9,4.0L,8cyl1714/24$3,6003PR T C.D.SSC300 4matic ConvertibleA-9,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505PR T SSC300 4matic CoupeA-9,2.0L,4cyl2623/32$2,3505PR T SSC300 ConvertibleA-9,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505PR T SSC300 CoupeA-9,2.0L,4cyl2724/33$2,2506PR T SSE450 4matic ConvertibleA-9,3.0L,6cyl2523/29$2,4505PR T MHEV SSE450 4matic CoupeA-9,3.0L,6cyl2523/30$2,4505PR T MHEV SSE450 ConvertibleA-9,3.0L,6cyl2523/30$2,4505PR T MHEV SSE450 CoupeA-9,3.0L,6cyl2623/31$2,3505PR T MHEV SSS560 ConvertibleA-9,4.0L,8cyl2016/26$3,0504PR T SSMINICooper Hardtop 2 doorAM-S7,1.5L,3cyl3128/37$2,0007P T SSM-6,1.5L,3cyl3026/37$2,0506P TCooper Hardtop 4 doorAM-S7,1.5L,3cyl3128/37$2,0007P T SSM-6,1.5L,3cyl3026/37$2,0506P TCooper S Hardtop 2 doorAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl3026/35$2,0506P TM-6,2.0L,4cyl2723/33$2,2506P TCooper S Hardtop 4 doorAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl3026/35$2,0506P TM-6,2.0L,4cyl2723/33$2,2506P TCooper SE Hardtop 2 doorA-1108115/100$70010EVJohn Cooper Works GPA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2624/30$2,3505P TJohn Cooper Works HardtopA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2926/34$2,1006P TM-6,2.0L,4cyl2723/33$2,2506P TNISSANGT-RAM-S6,3.8L,6cyl1816/22$3,4003PR TROUSH PERFORMANCEMustangA-S10,5.0L,8cyl1512/19$4,1002PR S TaxM-6,5.0L,8cyl1412/19$4,4001PR S TaxMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesCOMPACT CARSACURAILXAM-S8,2.4L,4cyl2824/34$2,2006PTLX AWDA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$2,5505P T SSTLX AWD A-SPECA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$2,5505P T SSTLX FWDA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2522/31$2,4505P T SSTLX FWD A-SPECA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSTLX Type-SA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2119/25$2,9004P T C.D.SSTLX Type-S Perf TireA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2119/24$2,9004P T C.D.SSAUDIA4 quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2825/34$2,2006P T MHEV SSA4 S line quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2724/31$2,2506P T MHEV SSS4A-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505P T SSBMW228i Gran CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2824/33$2,2006P T SS228i xDrive Gran CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/33$2,2506P T SS330eA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SS330e xDriveA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SS330iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl3026/36$2,0506P T SS330i xDriveA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/34$2,2006P T SS530eA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SS530e xDriveA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSM235i xDrive Gran CoupeA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/32$2,3505P T SSM3M-6,3.0L,6cyl1916/23$3,2503P T SSM3 CompetitionA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1916/23$3,2503P T SSM340iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2623/32$2,3505P T MHEV SSM340i xDriveA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/31$2,4505P T MHEV SS16MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesCADILLACCT4A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/34$2,2506P T C.D.SSA-S10,2.7L,4cyl2521/31$2,4505PR T C.D.SSCT4 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/32$2,3505P T C.D.SSA-S10,2.7L,4cyl2421/29$2,5505PR T C.D.SSCT4 VA-S10,2.7L,4cyl2320/29$2,6505PR T C.D.SSCT4 V AWDA-S10,2.7L,4cyl2320/28$2,6505PR T C.D.SSGENESISG70 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2320/27$2,6505P T SSA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504P TG70 RWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2218/28$2,8004P TA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2017/26$3,0504P THONDAInsight TouringAV,1.5L,4cyl4851/45$1,0009HEV SSHYUNDAIAccentAV-S1,1.6L,4cyl3633/41$1,3008M-6,1.6L,4cyl3329/39$1,4507VelosterAM-S7,1.6L,4cyl3028/34$1,6006TM-6,1.6L,4cyl2926/33$1,6506TA-S6,2.0L,4cyl3027/34$1,6006M-6,2.0L,4cyl2825/33$1,7006Veloster NAM-S8,2.0L,4cyl2220/27$2,8004P TM-6,2.0L,4cyl2522/28$2,4505P TJAGUARXE P250A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/34$2,2006P T SSXE P250 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2824/34$2,2006P T SSXE P300 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSKANDIK27 A-1114127/102$65010EVKIARioAV-S1,1.6L,4cyl3633/41$1,3008MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesLEXUSIS 300A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2521/31$2,4505PR TIS 300 AWDA-S6,3.5L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PRIS 350A-S8,3.5L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505PRIS 350 AWDA-S6,3.5L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PRUX 250hAV-S6,2.0L,4cyl4243/41$1,1008HEV SSUX 250h AWDAV-S6,2.0L,4cyl3941/38$1,2008HEV SSMAZDA2A-S6,1.5L,4cyl3532/40$1,3507M-6,1.5L,4cyl3430/39$1,40073 4-Door 2WDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl3128/36$1,5007A-S6,2.5L,4cyl3026/35$1,6006A-S6,2.5L,4cyl3026/35$1,6006C.D.3 4-Door 4WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2825/33$1,7006A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2825/33$1,7006C.D.A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2723/32$1,7506TCX-3 2WDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl3129/34$1,5007CX-3 4WDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2927/32$1,6506MERCEDES-BENZAMG C43 4maticA-9,3.0L,6cyl2118/27$2,9004PR T SSAMG C63A-9,4.0L,8cyl2117/26$2,9004PR T SSAMG C63 SA-9,4.0L,8cyl2117/26$2,9004PR T SSAMG CLA35 4maticAM-7,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$2,4505PR T SSAMG CLA45 4maticAM-8,2.0L,4cyl2320/29$2,6505PR T SSAMG CLS53 4matic PlusA-9,3.0L,6cyl2321/26$2,6505PR MHEV SSAMG GT 43 4matic PlusA-9,3.0L,6cyl2220/25$2,8004PR MHEV SSAMG GT 53 4matic PlusA-9,3.0L,6cyl2220/25$2,8004PR MHEV SSAMG GT 63 4matic PlusA-9,4.0L,8cyl1816/21$3,4003PR T C.D.SSAMG GT 63 S 4matic PlusA-9,4.0L,8cyl1816/21$3,4003PR T C.D.SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202117MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesAMG S63 4matic Plus CoupeA-9,4.0L,8cyl1916/26$3,2503PR T C.D.SSC300A-9,2.0L,4cyl2723/35$2,2506PR T SSC300 4maticA-9,2.0L,4cyl2723/33$2,2506PR T SSCLA250AM-7,2.0L,4cyl2925/35$2,1006PR T SSCLA250 4maticAM-7,2.0L,4cyl2724/33$2,2506PR T SSCLS450A-9,3.0L,6cyl2623/30$2,3505PR T MHEV SSCLS450 4maticA-9,3.0L,6cyl2522/29$2,4505PR T MHEV SSS560 4matic CoupeA-9,4.0L,8cyl2016/26$3,0504PR T SSMITSUBISHIMirageAV,1.2L,3cyl3936/43$1,2008M-5,1.2L,3cyl3633/41$1,3008Mirage G4AV,1.2L,3cyl3735/41$1,3008M-5,1.2L,3cyl3533/40$1,3507NISSANVersaAV,1.6L,4cyl3532/40$1,3507M-5,1.6L,4cyl3027/35$1,6006PORSCHETaycan Perf BatteryA-27976/84$90010EVTaycan Perf Battery PlusA-27571/80$1,00010EVROLLS-ROYCEDawnA-S8,6.6L,12cyl1412/18$4,4001P T TaxDawn Black BadgeA-S8,6.6L,12cyl1412/18$4,4001P T TaxSUBARUWRXAV-S8,2.0L,4cyl2118/24$2,9004P TM-6,2.0L,4cyl2320/27$2,6505P TM-6,2.5L,4cyl1816/22$3,4003PR TTOYOTAC-HRAV-S7,2.0L,4cyl2927/31$1,6506MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesCorollaAV,1.8L,4cyl3330/38$1,4507M-6,1.8L,4cyl3329/39$1,4507AV-S10,2.0L,4cyl3431/40$1,4007M-6,2.0L,4cyl3229/36$1,5007Corolla APEXAV-S10,2.0L,4cyl3431/38$1,4007M-6,2.0L,4cyl3128/36$1,5007Corolla HatchbackAM-S10,2.0L,4cyl3532/41$1,3507M-6,2.0L,4cyl3128/37$1,5007Corolla Hatchback XSEAM-S10,2.0L,4cyl3330/38$1,4507Corolla HybridAV,1.8L,4cyl5253/52$9009HEV SSCorolla XLEAV,1.8L,4cyl3229/37$1,5007Corolla XSEAV-S10,2.0L,4cyl3431/38$1,4007Mirai LimitedAV6567/64NA10H FCVMirai XLE AV7476/71NA10H FCVVOLKSWAGENGolfA-S8,1.4L,4cyl3229/36$1,5007T SSM-6,1.4L,4cyl3329/39$1,4507TGTIAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2724/32$1,7506T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2623/30$1,8005TJettaA-S8,1.4L,4cyl3329/39$1,4507T SSM-6,1.4L,4cyl3430/41$1,4007TJetta GLIAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2824/35$1,7006T SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2824/33$1,7006TVOLVOS60 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2622/33$2,3505PR T SSA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2521/32$2,4505PR T S SSS60 AWD PHEVA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PR T S PHEV SSS60 FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/34$2,2506PR T SSMIDSIZE CARSALFA ROMEOGiuliaA-8,2.0L,4cyl2724/33$2,2506P T SSA-8,2.9L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504P T C.D.SSGiulia AWDA-8,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505P T SS18MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesAUDIA5 Sportback quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2825/34$2,2006P T MHEV SSA5 Sportback S line quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2724/31$2,2506P T MHEV SSA6 quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505P T MHEV SSAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl2422/29$2,5505P T MHEV SSA7 quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl2422/29$2,5505P T MHEV SSRS 5 SportbackA-S8,2.9L,6cyl2118/25$2,9004P TRS 7A-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/22$3,6003P T C.D.MHEV SSS5 SportbackA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/28$2,6505P T SSS6A-S8,2.9L,6cyl2218/28$2,8004P T MHEV SSS7A-S8,2.9L,6cyl2218/28$2,8004P T MHEV SSBENTLEYFlying SpurAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003P T Tax C.D.SSAM-S8,6.0L,12cyl1512/19$4,1002P T Tax C.D.SSBMW530iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/33$2,2006P T SS530i xDriveA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/32$2,2506P T HEV SS540iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2725/32$2,2506P T MHEV SS540i xDriveA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2623/31$2,3505P T SS840i Gran CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/29$2,4505P T SS840i xDrive Gran CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/27$2,6505P T SSM5A-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T Tax SSM5 CompetitionA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T Tax SSM550i xDriveA-S8,4.4L,8cyl2017/25$3,0504P T SSM8 Competition Gran CoupeA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T Tax SSM8 Gran CoupeA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003PR T Tax SSM850i xDrive Gran CoupeA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1917/24$3,2503P T SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesX2 M35iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/30$2,3505P T SSX2 sDrive28iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2724/32$2,2506P T SSX2 xDrive28iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2724/31$2,2506P T SSCADILLACCT5A-S10,2.0L,4cyl2623/32$2,3505P T C.D.SSA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2219/28$2,8004PR T C.D.SSCT5 AWDA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2521/31$2,4505P T C.D.SSA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2118/26$2,9004PR T C.D.SSCT5 VA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2118/27$2,9004PR T C.D.SSCT5 V AWDA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2118/26$2,9004PR T C.D.SSCHEVROLETMalibuAV,1.5L,4cyl3229/36$1,5007T SSA-9,2.0L,4cyl2622/33$1,8005TDODGEChallengerA-8,3.6L,6cyl2319/30$2,0505A-8,5.7L,8cyl1916/25$2,9503Mid C.D.M-6,5.7L,8cyl1815/23$3,4003PA-8,6.4L,8cyl1815/24$3,4003P C.D.M-6,6.4L,8cyl1714/23$3,6003P Tax C.D.Challenger AWDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2118/27$2,2504Challenger SRTA-8,6.2L,8cyl1613/22$3,8502P S TaxM-6,6.2L,8cyl1613/21$3,8502P S TaxChallenger SRT WidebodyA-8,6.2L,8cyl1513/21$4,1002P S TaxM-6,6.2L,8cyl1613/21$3,8502P S TaxChallenger WidebodyA-8,6.4L,8cyl1815/24$3,4003P C.D.M-6,6.4L,8cyl1714/23$3,6003P Tax C.D.HONDACivic 4DrAV,1.5L,4cyl3632/42$1,3008TAV-S7,1.5L,4cyl3330/38$1,4507TAV,2.0L,4cyl3330/38$1,4507AV-S7,2.0L,4cyl3229/37$1,5007Clarity FCV A-16868/67NA10H FCVClarity Plug-in HybridAV,1.5L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSInsightAV,1.5L,4cyl5255/49$9009HEV SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202119MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesHYUNDAIElantraAM-S7,1.6L,4cyl3128/36$1,5007TM-6,1.6L,4cyl2825/34$1,7006TAV-S1,2.0L,4cyl3733/43$1,3008SSAV-S1,2.0L,4cyl3531/41$1,3507Elantra HybridAM-S6,1.6L,4cyl5049/52$9509HEV SSElantra Hybrid BlueAM-S6,1.6L,4cyl5453/56$90010HEV SSIoniq ElectricA-1133145/121$55010EVIoniq Plug-in HybridAM-S6,1.6L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSVenueAV-S1,1.6L,4cyl3130/33$1,5007INFINITIQ50A-S7,3.0L,6cyl2320/29$2,6505PR TQ50 AWDA-S7,3.0L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004PR TQ50 Red SportA-S7,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,8004PR TQ50 Red Sport AWDA-S7,3.0L,6cyl2219/26$2,8004PR TJAGUARXF P250A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/33$2,2006P T SSXF P250 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/32$2,3505P T SSXF P300 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSKIAForteAM-S7,1.6L,4cyl3027/35$1,6006TM-6,1.6L,4cyl2825/32$1,7006TAV,2.0L,4cyl3329/40$1,4507M-6,2.0L,4cyl3127/37$1,5007Forte FEAV,2.0L,4cyl3531/41$1,3507Stinger AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$2,5505P T SSA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504P T SSStinger RWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$2,4505P T SSA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504P T SSLEXUSES 250 AWDA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2825/34$1,7006MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesES 300hAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl4443/44$1,0509HEV SSES 350A-S8,3.5L,6cyl2622/32$1,8005ES 350 F SportA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2522/31$1,9005LS 500A-S10,3.4L,6cyl2218/29$2,8004PR TLS 500 AWDA-S10,3.4L,6cyl2117/27$2,9004PR TLS 500hAV-S10,3.5L,6cyl2825/33$2,2006PR HEV SSLS 500h AWDAV-S10,3.5L,6cyl2623/29$2,3505PR HEV SSUX 200AV-S10,2.0L,4cyl3229/37$1,5007MASERATIGhibliA-8,3.0L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504PR T SSGhibli SA-8,3.0L,6cyl2017/25$3,0504PR T SSGhibli SQ4A-8,3.0L,6cyl1916/24$3,2503PR T SSGhibli TrofeoA-8,3.8L,8cyl1613/20$3,8502PR T Tax SSMAZDA3 5-Door 2WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2926/34$1,6506M-6,2.5L,4cyl2724/33$1,75063 5-Door 4WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2725/31$1,7506A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2623/31$1,8005T6A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2926/35$1,6506C.D.A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2623/31$1,8005TMERCEDES-BENZAMG E53 4matic PlusA-9,3.0L,6cyl2522/29$2,4505PR MHEV SSAMG E63 S 4matic PlusA-9,4.0L,8cyl1816/23$3,4003PR T SSE350A-9,2.0L,4cyl2522/31$2,4505PR T SSE350 4maticA-9,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505PR T SSE450 4maticA-9,3.0L,6cyl2623/30$2,3505PR T MHEV SSMINICooper CountrymanAM-S7,1.5L,3cyl2926/33$2,1006P T SS20MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesCooper Countryman All4A-S8,1.5L,3cyl2723/32$2,2506P TCooper S ClubmanAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2925/35$2,1006P TM-6,2.0L,4cyl2622/32$2,3505P TCooper S Clubman All4A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/32$2,3505P T SSCooper S CountrymanAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2824/33$2,2006P TCooper S Countryman All4A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505P T SSCooper SE Countryman All4A-S6,1.5L,3cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSJCW Countryman All4A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/30$2,3505P T SSJohn Cooper Works Clubman All4A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505P T SSNISSANAltimaAV,2.5L,4cyl3228/39$1,5007Altima AWDAV,2.5L,4cyl3026/36$1,6006Altima AWD SR/PlatinumAV,2.5L,4cyl2925/35$1,6506Altima SRAV,2.5L,4cyl3127/37$1,5007Altima SR/PlatinumAV,2.0L,4cyl2925/34$1,6506TAltima SV/SLAV,2.5L,4cyl3127/37$1,5007KicksAV,1.6L,4cyl3331/36$1,4507Leaf(40 kW-hr battery pack)A-1111123/99$70010EVLeaf(62 kW-hr battery pack)A-1108118/97$70010EVLeaf SV/SL(62 kW-hr battery pack)A-1104114/94$75010EVMaximaAV-S7,3.5L,6cyl2420/30$2,5505PSentraAV,2.0L,4cyl3329/39$1,4507Sentra SRAV,2.0L,4cyl3228/37$1,5007POLESTAR2A-19296/88$80010EVPORSCHETaycan 4 Cross TurismoA-27676/77$1,00010EVMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesTaycan 4S Cross TurismoA-27575/75$1,00010EVTaycan Turbo Cross TurismoA-27272/72$1,05010EVTaycan Turbo S Cross TurismoA-27374/73$1,05010EVROLLS-ROYCEWraithA-S8,6.6L,12cyl1412/18$4,4001P T TaxWraith Black BadgeA-S8,6.6L,12cyl1412/18$4,4001P T TaxSUBARUImpreza 4-DoorAV-S7,2.0L,4cyl3228/36$1,5007M-5,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$1,8005Impreza Sport 4-DoorAV-S7,2.0L,4cyl3027/36$1,6006TESLAModel 3 Long Range AWDA-1134141/127$55010EVModel 3 Performance AWDA-1113118/107$65010EVModel 3 Standard Range Plus RWD A-1142150/133$55010EVTOYOTAAvalonA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2522/31$1,9005Avalon AWDA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2825/34$1,7006Avalon HybridAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl4343/43$1,1009HEV SSAvalon Hybrid XLEAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl4443/44$1,0509HEV SSAvalon TRDA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2521/30$1,9005Avalon XLEA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2622/32$1,8005CamryA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2622/33$1,8005Camry AWD LE/SEA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2925/34$1,6506Camry AWD XLE/XSEA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2825/34$1,7006Camry Hybrid LEAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl5251/53$9009HEV SSCamry Hybrid SE/XLE/XSEAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl4644/47$1,0509HEV SSCamry LE/SEA-S8,2.5L,4cyl3228/39$1,5007FUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202121MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesCamry TRDA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2522/31$1,9005Camry XLE/XSEA-S8,2.5L,4cyl3127/38$1,5007Camry XSEA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2622/32$1,8005PriusAV,1.8L,4cyl5254/50$9009HEV SSPrius AWDAV,1.8L,4cyl4951/47$9509PT4 HEV SSPrius EcoAV,1.8L,4cyl5658/53$85010HEV SSPrius PrimeAV,1.8L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSVOLKSWAGENPassatA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2824/36$1,7006T SSVOLVOS90 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2521/32$2,4505PR T S SSS90 AWD PHEVA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PR T S PHEV SSLARGE CARSAUDIA8 LA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2117/26$2,9004P T MHEV SSA-S8,3.0L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSA-S8,4.0L,8cyl1815/23$3,4003P T C.D.MHEV SSS8A-S8,4.0L,8cyl1613/22$3,8502P T Tax C.D.MHEVSSBMW740iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2522/29$2,4505P T SS740i xDriveA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2320/27$2,6505P T SS745e xDriveA-S8,3.0L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SS750i xDriveA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1917/24$3,2503P T SSAlpina B7A-S8,4.4L,8cyl1917/24$3,2503P T SSM760i xDriveA-S8,6.6L,12cyl1613/20$3,8502P T Tax SSX1 sDrive28iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2724/33$2,2506P T SSX1 xDrive28iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505P T SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesCHRYSLER300A-8,3.6L,6cyl2319/30$2,0505A-8,5.7L,8cyl1916/25$2,9503Mid C.D.300 AWDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2118/27$2,2504DODGEChargerA-8,3.6L,6cyl2319/30$2,0505A-8,5.7L,8cyl1916/25$2,9503Mid C.D.A-8,6.4L,8cyl1815/24$3,4003P C.D.Charger AWDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2118/27$2,2504Charger SRT WidebodyA-8,6.2L,8cyl1512/21$4,1002P S TaxCharger WidebodyA-8,6.4L,8cyl1815/24$3,4003P C.D.GENESISG80 AWDA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505P T SSA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2118/26$2,9004P T SSG80 RWDA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2623/32$2,3505P T SSA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2219/27$2,8004P T SSG90 AWDA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2017/24$3,0504P TA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1816/23$3,4003PG90 RWDA-S8,3.3L,6cyl1917/24$3,2503P TA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1916/24$3,2503PHONDAAccordAV,1.5L,4cyl3330/38$1,4507T SSAccord HybridAV,2.0L,4cyl4848/48$1,0009HEV SSAccord Hybrid Sport/TouringAV,2.0L,4cyl4344/41$1,1009HEV SSAccord Sport/TouringAV-S7,1.5L,4cyl3229/35$1,5007T SSA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2622/32$1,8005TCivic 5DrAV,1.5L,4cyl3431/40$1,4007TAV-S7,1.5L,4cyl3229/35$1,9007P TM-6,1.5L,4cyl3229/37$1,9007P TM-6,2.0L,4cyl2522/28$2,4505P THYUNDAIIoniqAM-S6,1.6L,4cyl5554/56$85010HEV SSIoniq Blue AM-S6,1.6L,4cyl5958/60$80010HEV SS22MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesSonataA-S8,1.6L,4cyl3027/37$1,6006TA-S8,2.5L,4cyl3228/38$1,5007SSA-S8,2.5L,4cyl3127/37$1,5007AM-S8,2.5L,4cyl2723/33$1,7506TSonata HybridAM-S6,2.0L,4cyl4745/51$1,0009HEV SSSonata Hybrid BlueAM-S6,2.0L,4cyl5250/54$9009HEV SSKIAK5A-S8,1.6L,4cyl3229/38$1,5007T SSA-S8,1.6L,4cyl3127/37$1,5007TAM-S8,2.5L,4cyl2724/32$1,7506TK5 AWDA-S8,1.6L,4cyl2926/34$1,6506TMASERATIQuattroporte SA-8,3.0L,6cyl1916/24$3,2503PR T SSQuattroporte SQ4A-8,3.0L,6cyl1916/24$3,2503PR T SSQuattroporte TrofeoA-8,3.8L,8cyl1613/20$3,8502PR T Tax SSMERCEDES-BENZS500 4maticA-9,3.0L,6cyl2420/29$2,5505PR MHEV SSS580 4maticA-9,4.0L,8cyl2017/25$3,0504PR T MHEV SSS580 4matic MaybachA-9,4.0L,8cyl1916/24$3,2503PR T MHEV SSPORSCHEPanameraAM-S8,2.9L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SSPanamera 4AM-S8,2.9L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SSPanamera 4 e-HybridAM-S8,2.9L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSPanamera 4 e-Hybrid ExecutiveAM-S8,2.9L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSPanamera 4 e-Hybrid STAM-S8,2.9L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSPanamera 4 ExecutiveAM-S8,2.9L,6cyl1917/23$3,2503PR T SSPanamera 4 STAM-S8,2.9L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504PR T SSPanamera 4SAM-S8,2.9L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SSPanamera 4S e-HybridAM-S8,2.9L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSPanamera 4S e-Hybrid ExecutiveAM-S8,2.9L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesPanamera 4S e-Hybrid STAM-S8,2.9L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSPanamera 4S ExecutiveAM-S8,2.9L,6cyl1917/23$3,2503PR T SSPanamera 4S STAM-S8,2.9L,6cyl1917/23$3,2503PR T SSPanamera GTSAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003PR T SSPanamera GTS STAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR T SSPanamera Turbo SAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003PR T SSPanamera Turbo S e-HybridAM-S8,4.0L,8cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSPanamera Turbo S e-Hybrid ExecutiveAM-S8,4.0L,8cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSPanamera Turbo S e-Hybrid STAM-S8,4.0L,8cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSPanamera Turbo S ExecutiveAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003PR T SSPanamera Turbo S STAM-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003PR T SSTaycan 4S Perf BatteryA-27979/80$95010EVTaycan 4S Perf Battery PlusA-27775/81$1,00010EVTaycan TurboA-27371/75$1,00010EVTaycan Turbo SA-27069/71$1,10010EVROLLS-ROYCEGhostA-S8,6.7L,12cyl1412/19$4,4001P T TaxGhost EWBA-S8,6.7L,12cyl1412/19$4,4001P T TaxPhantomA-S8,6.7L,12cyl1412/20$4,4001P T TaxPhantom EWBA-S8,6.7L,12cyl1412/20$4,4001P T TaxSUBARULegacy AWDAV-S8,2.4L,4cyl2724/32$1,7506T SSAV-S8,2.5L,4cyl3027/35$1,6006SSTESLAModel S Long Range A-1120124/115$65010EVModel S Performance(19in Wheels)A-1110114/106$70010EVModel S Performance(21in Wheels)A-19698/93$80010EVFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202123MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesModel S Plaid(21inch wheels)A-1101102/99$75010EVVOLKSWAGENArteonA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/32$2,4505P T SSArteon 4motionA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2420/31$2,5505P T SSSMALL STATION WAGONSAUDIA4 allroad quattroAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2624/30$2,3505P T MHEV SSCHEVROLETBolt EV AV118127/108$65010EVFORDMustang Mach-E AWDA-193100/86$80010EVMustang Mach-E AWD ExtendedA-19096/84$85010EVMustang Mach-E GTA-18490/77$90010EVMustang Mach-E GT PerformanceA-18288/75$95010EVMustang Mach-E RWDA-1100105/93$75010EVMustang Mach-E RWD California Route 1A-1101108/94$75010EVMustang Mach-E RWD ExtendedA-197104/90$80010EVHONDAHR-V AWDAV,1.8L,4cyl2927/31$1,6506AV-S7,1.8L,4cyl2826/31$1,7006HR-V FWDAV,1.8L,4cyl3028/34$1,6006AV-S7,1.8L,4cyl3028/34$1,6006KIANiroAM-S6,1.6L,4cyl4951/46$9509HEV SSNiro ElectricA-1112123/102$70010EVNiro FE AM-S6,1.6L,4cyl5053/48$9509HEV SSNiro Plug-in HybridAM-S6,1.6L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSNiro TouringAM-S6,1.6L,4cyl4346/40$1,1009HEV SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesSoulAM-S7,1.6L,4cyl2927/32$1,6506T SSAV,2.0L,4cyl3028/33$1,6006SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2725/31$1,7506Soul Eco dynamicsAV,2.0L,4cyl3129/35$1,5007SSMERCEDES-BENZAMG GLA35 4maticAM-8,2.0L,4cyl2523/29$2,4505PR T SSAMG GLA45 4maticAM-8,2.0L,4cyl2320/27$2,6505PR T SSNISSANRogue SportAV-S8,2.0L,4cyl2825/32$1,7006Rogue Sport AWDAV-S8,2.0L,4cyl2724/30$1,7506SUBARUImpreza 5-DoorAV-S7,2.0L,4cyl3128/36$1,5007M-5,2.0L,4cyl2624/31$1,8005Impreza Sport 5-DoorAV-S7,2.0L,4cyl3027/35$1,6006M-5,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$1,9005VOLVOV60 AWD PHEVA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PR T S PHEV SSV60 CC AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/31$2,4505PR T SSV60 FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2723/34$2,2506PR T SSMIDSIZE STATION WAGONSAUDIA6 AllroadAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,8004P T MHEV SSRS 6 AvantA-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/22$3,6003P T C.D.MHEV SSMERCEDES-BENZAMG E63 S 4matic Plus(SW)A-9,4.0L,8cyl1816/23$3,4003PR T SSAMG GLB35 4maticAM-8,2.0L,4cyl2321/26$2,6505PR T SSE450 4matic All-Terrain(wagon)A-9,3.0L,6cyl2422/28$2,5505PR T MHEV SSNISSANMurano AWDAV-S7,3.5L,6cyl2320/28$2,050524MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesMurano FWDAV-S7,3.5L,6cyl2320/28$2,0505ROLLS-ROYCECullinanA-S8,6.7L,12cyl1412/20$4,4001P T TaxCullinan Black BadgeA-S8,6.7L,12cyl1412/20$4,4001P T TaxVOLVOV90 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2521/32$2,4505PR T S SSV90 CC AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2420/30$2,5505PR T S SSV90 FWD A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2622/33$2,3505PR T SSSMALL PICKUP TRUCKS 2WDCHEVROLETColorado 2WDA-6,2.5L,4cyl2219/25$2,1504 A-6,2.8L,4cyl2320/30$2,4004D TA-8,3.6L,6cyl2118/25$2,2504C.D.GMCCanyon 2WDA-6,2.5L,4cyl2219/25$2,1504 A-6,2.8L,4cyl2320/30$2,4004D TA-8,3.6L,6cyl2118/25$2,2504C.D.TOYOTATacoma 2WDA-S6,2.7L,4cyl2120/23$2,2504A-S6,3.5L,6cyl2119/24$2,2504SMALL PICKUP TRUCKS 4WDCHEVROLETColorado 4WDA-6,2.5L,4cyl2119/24$2,2504A-6,2.8L,4cyl2219/28$2,5004D TA-8,3.6L,6cyl1917/24$2,5003C.D.Colorado ZR2 4WDA-6,2.8L,4cyl1918/22$2,9003D TA-8,3.6L,6cyl1716/18$2,8003C.D.GMCCanyon 4WDA-6,2.5L,4cyl2119/24$2,2504A-6,2.8L,4cyl2219/28$2,5004D TA-8,3.6L,6cyl1816/22$2,6003C.D.MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesTOYOTATacoma 4WDA-S6,2.7L,4cyl2019/22$2,3504PT4A-S6,3.5L,6cyl2018/22$2,3504PT4M-6,3.5L,6cyl1817/21$2,6003PT4Tacoma 4WD D-CAB MT TRD-ORP/PROM-6,3.5L,6cyl1817/20$2,6003PT4STANDARD PICKUP TRUCKS 2WDCHEVROLETSilverado 2WDA-8,2.7L,4cyl2120/23$2,2504T C.D.3-Mode SSA-8,2.7L,4cyl2120/23$2,2504T C.D.SS A-10,3.0L,6cyl2723/33$2,0505D T SSA-6,4.3L,6cyl1716/21$2,8003C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1715/21$2,8003C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/21$2,9502A-6,5.3L,8cyl1615/19$2,9502Gas C.D.1211/15$3,4003E85A-8,5.3L,8cyl1917/23$2,5003C.D.SSA-8,5.3L,8cyl1715/22$2,8003SSFORDF150 Pickup 2WDA-S10,2.7L,6cyl2220/26$2,1504T SSA-S10,3.5L,6cyl2018/24$2,3504T SSA-S10,3.5L,6cyl2017/24$2,3504TF150 Pickup 2WD FFVA-S10,3.3L,6cyl2120/24$2,2504Gas SS1614/19$2,5505E85A-S10,5.0L,8cyl2017/24$2,3504Gas C.D.SS1412/18$2,9504E85A-S10,5.0L,8cyl1917/24$2,5003Gas C.D.1412/18$2,9504E85F150 Pickup 2WD HEVA-S10,3.5L,6cyl2525/26$1,9005T HEV SSRanger 2WDA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2321/26$2,0505T SSGMCSierra 2WDA-8,2.7L,4cyl2120/23$2,2504T C.D.SSA-8,2.7L,4cyl2120/23$2,2504T C.D.3-Mode SSA-10,3.0L,6cyl2623/30$2,1005D T SSA-6,4.3L,6cyl1716/21$2,8003C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1715/21$2,8003C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/21$2,9502A-6,5.3L,8cyl1615/19$2,9502Gas C.D.1211/15$3,4003E85A-8,5.3L,8cyl1917/23$2,5003C.D.SSA-8,5.3L,8cyl1715/22$2,8003SSNISSANFrontier 2WDA-S9,3.8L,6cyl2018/24$2,3504Titan 2WDA-S9,5.6L,8cyl1816/21$3,4003PFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202125MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesRAM1500 2WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2622/32$2,1005D T SSA-8,3.6L,6cyl2220/25$2,1504MHEV SSA-8,5.7L,8cyl1917/23$2,9503Mid C.D.MHEV SSA-8,5.7L,8cyl1715/22$3,3003Mid C.D.1500 Classic 2WDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2017/25$2,3504A-8,5.7L,8cyl1715/22$3,3003Mid C.D.1500 HFE 2WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2623/33$2,1005D TA-8,3.6L,6cyl2320/26$2,0505MHEV SSTOYOTATundra 2WDA-S6,5.7L,8cyl1513/17$3,1502STANDARD PICKUP TRUCKS 4WDCHEVROLETSilverado 4WDA-8,2.7L,4cyl2019/22$2,3504T C.D.SSA-8,2.7L,4cyl2019/22$2,3504T C.D.3-Mode SSA-10,3.0L,6cyl2422/26$2,3004D T SSA-6,4.3L,6cyl1715/20$2,8003C.D.A-10,5.3L,8cyl1916/22$2,5003C.D.SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1815/21$2,6003C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1715/20$2,8003C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/20$2,9502A-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/18$2,9502Gas C.D.1211/13$3,4002E85A-8,5.3L,8cyl1816/22$2,6003C.D.SSA-8,5.3L,8cyl1614/21$2,9502SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1816/21$3,4003PR C.D.SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR C.D.Silverado 4WD TrailBossA-6,4.3L,6cyl1614/18$2,9502C.D.A-10,5.3L,8cyl1816/21$2,6003C.D.SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1715/21$2,8003C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/18$2,9502C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1513/18$3,1502A-10,6.2L,8cyl1715/19$3,6003PR C.D.SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1715/19$3,6003PR C.D.3-Mode SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/19$3,8502PR C.D.FORDF150 Pickup 4WDA-S10,2.7L,6cyl2119/24$2,2504T PT4 SSA-S10,2.7L,6cyl2018/24$2,3504T PT4A-S10,3.0L,6cyl2320/27$2,4004D T PT4 SSA-S10,3.5L,6cyl2018/23$2,3504T PT4 SSA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1917/23$2,5003T PT4F150 Pickup 4WD FFVA-S10,3.3L,6cyl2019/22$2,3504Gas PT4 SS1514/18$2,7504E85A-S10,5.0L,8cyl1916/22$2,5003Gas PT4 C.D.SS1311/17$3,1503E85A-S10,5.0L,8cyl1816/22$2,6003Gas PT4 C.D.1412/17$2,9503E85MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesF150 Pickup 4WD HEVA-S10,3.5L,6cyl2424/24$1,9505T PT4 HEV SSF150 Pickup Tremor 4WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1816/20$2,6003T PT4 SSA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1816/20$2,6003T PT4F150 RAPTOR 37 4WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1515/16$3,1502T PT4 SSA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1514/16$3,1502T PT4F150 RAPTOR 4WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1615/18$2,9502T PT4 SSA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1514/18$3,1502T PT4Ranger 4WDA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2220/24$2,1504T PT4 SSRanger Tremor 4WDA-S10,2.3L,4cyl1919/19$2,5003T PT4 SSGMCSierra 4WDA-8,2.7L,4cyl1918/21$2,5003T C.D.SSA-8,2.7L,4cyl1918/20$2,5003T C.D.3-Mode SSA-10,3.0L,6cyl2422/26$2,3004D T SSA-6,4.3L,6cyl1715/20$2,8003C.D.A-10,5.3L,8cyl1916/22$2,5003C.D.SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1815/21$2,6003C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1715/20$2,8003C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/20$2,9502A-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/18$2,9502Gas C.D.1211/13$3,4003E85A-8,5.3L,8cyl1816/21$2,6003C.D.SSA-8,5.3L,8cyl1614/20$2,9502SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1716/20$3,6003PR C.D.SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1615/20$3,8502PR C.D.Sierra 4WD AT4A-10,3.0L,6cyl2422/26$2,3004D T SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1816/21$2,6003C.D.SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1715/21$2,8003C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1614/18$2,9502C.D.A-8,5.3L,8cyl1816/21$2,6003C.D.SSA-8,5.3L,8cyl1614/20$2,9502SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1715/19$3,6003PR C.D.SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/19$3,8502PR C.D.HONDARidgeline AWDA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2118/24$2,2504C.D.JEEPGladiator 4WDA-8,3.6L,6cyl1917/22$2,5003SSM-6,3.6L,6cyl1916/23$2,5003SSGladiator EcoDiesel 4WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2422/28$2,3004D T SSGladiator Rubicon EcoDiesel 4WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2421/27$2,3004D T SSNISSANFrontier 4WDA-S9,3.8L,6cyl1917/23$2,5003PT426MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesTitan 4WDA-S9,5.6L,8cyl1815/21$3,4003P PT4Titan 4WD PRO-4XA-S9,5.6L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003P PT4RAM1500 4WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2421/29$2,3004D T SSA-8,3.6L,6cyl2119/24$2,2504MHEV SSA-8,5.7L,8cyl1917/22$2,9503Mid C.D.MHEV SSA-8,5.7L,8cyl1715/21$3,3003Mid C.D.1500 Classic 4WDA-8,3.6L,6cyl1916/23$2,5003A-8,5.7L,8cyl1715/21$3,3003Mid C.D.1500 TRX 4WDA-8,6.2L,8cyl1210/14$5,1001P STOYOTATundra 4WDA-S6,5.7L,8cyl1413/17$3,4001PT4VANS,PASSENGER TYPEFORDTransit T150 Wagon 2WD FFVA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1615/19$2,9502Gas1211/14$3,4003E85Transit T150 Wagon 4WD FFVA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1614/18$2,9502Gas1211/14$3,4003E85SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES 2WDCADILLACXT5 Hearse FWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2120/23$2,9004PR T C.D.SSXT5 Limo FWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2120/23$2,9004PR T C.D.SSCHEVROLETSilverado Cab Chassis 2WDA-6,4.3L,6cyl1715/19$2,8003C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1514/18$3,1502C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1413/18$3,4001FORDRanger 2WD IncompleteA-S10,2.3L,4cyl1819/18$2,6003T SSTransit Connect USPSA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2220/27$2,1504Transit Connect Van FFVA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2524/27$1,9005Gas SS1918/20$2,1505E85Transit Connect Van FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2524/27$1,9005SSA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2220/27$2,1504MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesTransit Connect Wagon LWB FFVA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2624/29$1,8005Gas SS1917/21$2,1506E85Transit Connect Wagon LWB FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2624/29$1,8005SSA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2220/26$2,1504GMCSierra Cab Chassis 2WDA-6,4.3L,6cyl1715/19$2,8003C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1514/18$3,1502C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1413/18$3,4001MERCEDES-BENZGLA250AM-8,2.0L,4cyl2825/34$2,2006PR T SSGLB250AM-8,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$2,3505PR T SSMetris(Cargo Van)A-9,2.0L,4cyl2119/23$2,9004PR TMetris(Cargo Van,LWB)A-9,2.0L,4cyl2119/23$2,9004PR TMetris(Passenger Van)A-9,2.0L,4cyl1918/22$3,2503PR TNISSANNV200 Cargo VanAV,2.0L,4cyl2524/26$1,9005RAMPromaster CityA-9,2.4L,4cyl2421/28$1,9505SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES 4WDCADILLACXT5 Hearse AWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2120/23$2,9004PR T C.D.SSXT5 Limo AWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2120/23$2,9004PR T C.D.SSCHEVROLETSilverado Cab Chassis 4WDA-6,4.3L,6cyl1514/16$3,1502C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1514/17$3,1502C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1413/17$3,4001GMCSierra Cab Chassis 4WDA-6,4.3L,6cyl1514/16$3,1502C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1514/17$3,1502C.D.A-6,5.3L,8cyl1413/17$3,4001FUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202127MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesMINIVANS 2WDCHRYSLERPacicaA-9,3.6L,6cyl2219/28$2,1504Pacica Hybrid AV,3.6L,6cylSee page 43.PHEV SSVoyagerA-9,3.6L,6cyl2219/28$2,1504HONDAOdysseyA-S10,3.5L,6cyl2219/28$2,1504C.D.SSKIASedonaA-S8,3.3L,6cyl2118/24$2,2504TOYOTASienna Hybrid 2WD AV-S6,2.5L,4cyl3636/36$1,3008HEV SSMINIVANS 4WDCHRYSLERPacica AWDA-9,3.6L,6cyl2017/25$2,3504TOYOTASienna Hybrid AWDAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl3535/36$1,3507HEV SSSMALL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 2WDACURARDX FWDA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2422/28$2,5505P T SSRDX FWD A-SPECA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2422/27$2,5505P T SSALFA ROMEOStelvioA-8,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$2,4505P T SSBMWX3 sDrive30iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2725/29$2,2506P T SSBUICKEncore FWDA-S6,1.4L,4cyl2724/32$1,7506T SIDIA-S6,1.4L,4cyl2725/30$1,7506TEncore GX FWDAV,1.2L,3cyl2928/31$1,6506T SSAV,1.3L,3cyl3130/32$1,5007T SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesEnvision FWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2624/31$1,8005T C.D.SSCADILLACXT4 FWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2624/30$2,3505PR T C.D.SSXT5 FWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2422/29$2,5505PR T C.D.SSA-S9,3.6L,6cyl2119/26$2,2504C.D.SSXT6 FWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2321/27$2,6505PR T C.D.SSA-S9,3.6L,6cyl2119/26$2,2504C.D.SSCHEVROLETBlazer FWDA-9,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$1,9005T C.D.SSA-S9,2.5L,4cyl2321/27$2,0505A-9,3.6L,6cyl2220/27$2,1504C.D.SSEquinox FWDA-6,1.5L,4cyl2826/31$1,7006T SSTrailblazer FWDAV,1.2L,3cyl2928/31$1,6506T SSAV,1.3L,3cyl3129/33$1,5007T SSTrax FWDA-S6,1.4L,4cyl2724/32$1,7506T SIDIA-S6,1.4L,4cyl2826/31$1,7006TFORDEcoSport FWDA-S6,1.0L,3cyl2827/29$1,7006T SSEdge FWDA-8,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$1,9505T SSEscape FWDA-8,1.5L,3cyl3028/34$1,6006T C.D.SSEscape FWD HEVAV,2.5L,4cyl4144/37$1,1508HEV SSEscape FWD PHEVAV,2.5L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSGENESISGV80 RWDA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2321/25$2,6505P T SSGMCTerrain FWDA-9,1.5L,4cyl2725/30$1,7506T SSHONDACR-V FWDAV,1.5L,4cyl3028/34$1,6006TPassport FWDA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2220/25$2,1504C.D.Pilot FWDA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2320/27$2,0505C.D.28MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesHYUNDAIKona ElectricA-1120132/108$60010EVKona FWDAM-7,1.6L,4cyl3028/32$1,6006TA-S6,2.0L,4cyl3027/33$1,6006NexoA-15759/54NA10H FCVNexo Blue A-16165/58NA10H FCVSanta Fe FWDA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2625/28$1,8005SSAM-S8,2.5L,4cyl2522/28$1,9005T SSTucson FWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2523/28$1,9005A-S6,2.4L,4cyl2522/28$1,9005INFINITIQX50AV-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/29$2,3505PR TJEEPCherokee FWDA-9,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$1,8005T SSA-9,2.4L,4cyl2522/31$1,9005SSA-9,3.2L,6cyl2320/29$2,0505SSCompass FWDA-6,2.4L,4cyl2522/31$1,9005SSRenegade 2WDA-9,1.3L,4cyl2724/32$1,7506T SSA-9,2.4L,4cyl2522/30$1,9005KIASeltos FWDAV-S8,2.0L,4cyl3129/34$1,5007SSSorento FWDA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2624/29$1,8005SSAM-S8,2.5L,4cyl2522/29$1,9005T SSSorento HybridAM-S6,1.6L,4cyl3739/35$1,3008T HEV SSSportage FWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2320/28$2,0505TA-S6,2.4L,4cyl2623/30$1,8005Telluride FWDA-S8,3.8L,6cyl2320/26$2,0505SSLEXUSNX 300A-S6,2.0L,4cyl2522/28$2,4505PR TRX 350A-S8,3.5L,6cyl2320/27$2,0505RX 350 LA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2219/26$2,1504MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesLINCOLNCorsair FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$1,9005T SSNautilus FWDA-8,2.0L,4cyl2321/26$2,0505T SSA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2321/26$2,0505T SSMAZDACX-30 2WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2825/33$1,7006A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2825/33$1,7006C.D.CX-5 2WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2825/31$1,7006C.D.A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2523/28$1,9005TCX-9 2WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2422/28$1,9505TMERCEDES-BENZGLC300A-9,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$2,4505PR T SSMITSUBISHIOutlander Sport 2WDAV-S6,2.0L,4cyl2724/30$1,7506AV-S6,2.4L,4cyl2523/29$1,9005NISSANRogue FWDAV-S8,1.5L,3cyl3330/37$1,4507TAV-S8,2.5L,4cyl3027/35$1,6006Rogue FWD SV/SL/PlatinumAV-S8,2.5L,4cyl2926/34$1,6506Rogue FWD SL/PlatinumAV-S8,1.5L,3cyl3230/36$1,5007TTESLAModel Y Standard Range RWD A-1129140/119$60010EVTOYOTAHighlanderA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2421/29$1,9505SSA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2320/28$2,0505Highlander HybridAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl3636/35$1,3008HEV SSRAV4A-S8,2.5L,4cyl3028/35$1,6006SSA-S8,2.5L,4cyl3027/35$1,6006VOLKSWAGENAtlasA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2221/24$2,1504T SSA-S8,3.6L,6cyl1917/23$2,5003SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202129MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesAtlas Cross SportA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2221/24$2,1504T SSA-S8,3.6L,6cyl2018/23$2,3504SSID.4 1stA-197104/89$80010EVID.4 ProA-199107/91$75010EVID.4 Pro SA-197104/89$80010EVTiguanA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2523/29$1,9005T SSVOLVOXC40 FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2623/32$1,8005T SSXC60 FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$2,4505PR T SSSMALL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WDACURARDX AWDA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2321/27$2,6505P T SSRDX AWD A-SPECA-S10,2.0L,4cyl2321/26$2,6505P T SSALFA ROMEOStelvio AWDA-8,2.0L,4cyl2422/28$2,5505P T SSA-8,2.9L,6cyl1917/23$3,2503P T C.D.SSAUDIQ3 quattroA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$1,9005T SSQ3 S-line quattroA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2320/28$2,0505T SSQ5AM-S7,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2523/28$2,4505P T MHEV SSQ5 SportbackAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2523/28$2,4505P T MHEV SSSQ5A-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504P T SSSQ5 SportbackA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504P T SSBMWX3 MA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1614/19$3,8502P T SSX3 M CompetitionA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1614/19$3,8502P T SSX3 M40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,6505P T SSX3 xDrive30eA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesX3 xDrive30iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2523/29$2,4505P T SSX4 MA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1614/19$3,8502P T SSX4 M CompetitionA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1614/19$3,8502P T SSX4 M40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,6505P T SSX4 xDrive30iA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2523/29$2,4505P T SSBUICKEncore AWDA-S6,1.4L,4cyl2623/30$1,8005T SIDIA-S6,1.4L,4cyl2624/29$1,8005TEncore GX AWDA-9,1.3L,3cyl2826/29$1,7006T SSEnvision AWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$1,9005T C.D.SSCADILLACXT4 AWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2422/29$2,5505PR T C.D.SSXT5 AWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2321/27$2,6505PR T C.D.SSA-S9,3.6L,6cyl2118/26$2,2504C.D.SSXT6 AWDA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2321/26$2,6505PR T C.D.SSA-S9,3.6L,6cyl2118/25$2,2504C.D.SSCHEVROLETBlazer AWDA-9,2.0L,4cyl2422/27$1,9505T C.D.SSA-9,3.6L,6cyl2119/26$2,2504C.D.SSEquinox AWDA-6,1.5L,4cyl2725/30$1,7506T SSTrailblazer AWDA-9,1.3L,3cyl2826/30$1,7006T SSTrax AWDA-S6,1.4L,4cyl2623/30$1,8005T SIDIA-S6,1.4L,4cyl2624/29$1,8005TFIAT500X AWDA-9,1.3L,4cyl2624/30$1,8005T SSFORDBronco 4WDA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2120/22$2,2504T PT4 SSM-7,2.3L,4cyl2120/22$2,2504T PT4 SSA-S10,2.7L,6cyl1918/20$2,5003T PT4 SSBronco Badlands 4WDA-S10,2.3L,4cyl1718/17$2,8003T PT4 SSM-7,2.3L,4cyl1716/18$2,8003T PT4 SSA-S10,2.7L,6cyl1717/18$2,8003T PT4 SS30MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesBronco Black Diamond 4WDA-S10,2.3L,4cyl1818/18$2,6003T PT4 SSM-7,2.3L,4cyl1817/19$2,6003T PT4 SSBronco Sasquatch 4WDA-S10,2.3L,4cyl1818/18$2,6003T PT4 SSA-S10,2.7L,6cyl1717/17$2,8003T PT4 SSBronco Sport 4WDA-8,1.5L,3cyl2625/28$1,8005T C.D.SSA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2321/26$2,0505T PT4 SSEcoSport AWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2523/29$1,9005SSEdge AWDA-8,2.0L,4cyl2321/28$2,0505T SSA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2320/28$2,0505T SSA-S8,2.7L,6cyl2119/25$2,2504T SSEscape AWDA-8,1.5L,3cyl2826/31$1,7006T C.D.SSA-8,2.0L,4cyl2623/31$1,8005T SSEscape AWD HEVAV,2.5L,4cyl4043/37$1,2008PT4 HEV SSGMCTerrain AWDA-9,1.5L,4cyl2625/28$1,8005T SSHONDACR-V AWDAV,1.5L,4cyl2927/32$1,6506TCR-V Hybrid AWDAV,2.0L,4cyl3840/35$1,2508HEV SSPassport AWDA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2119/24$2,2504C.D.Pilot AWDA-S9,3.5L,6cyl2219/26$2,1504C.D.HYUNDAIKona AWDAM-7,1.6L,4cyl2726/29$1,7506TA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2725/30$1,7506Santa Fe AWDA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2422/25$1,9505SSAM-S8,2.5L,4cyl2421/28$1,9505T SSSanta Fe HybridAM-S6,1.6L,4cyl3233/30$1,5007T HEV SSSanta Fe Hybrid BlueAM-S6,1.6L,4cyl3436/31$1,4007T HEV SSTucson AWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2322/25$2,0505A-S6,2.4L,4cyl2321/26$2,0505INFINITIQX50 AWDAV-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/28$2,4505PR TMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesJAGUARE-PaceA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2320/26$2,6505P T SSE-Pace MHEVA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2321/26$2,6505P T MHEV SSF-PaceA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2422/27$2,5505P T SSF-Pace P340 MHEVA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2220/27$2,8004P T MHEV SSF-Pace P400 MHEVA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,8004P T MHEV SSF-Pace SVRA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1815/22$3,4003P S SSI-Pace EV400A-17680/72$1,00010EVJEEPCherokee 4WDA-9,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$1,9505T SSA-9,2.4L,4cyl2421/29$1,9505SSA-9,3.2L,6cyl2219/27$2,1504SSCherokee 4WD Active Drive IIA-9,2.0L,4cyl2320/27$2,0505T SSA-9,3.2L,6cyl2118/26$2,2504SSCherokee Trailhawk 4WDA-9,3.2L,6cyl2118/24$2,2504SSCompass 4WDA-9,2.4L,4cyl2522/30$1,9005SSRenegade 4WDA-9,1.3L,4cyl2623/29$1,8005T SSA-9,2.4L,4cyl2421/29$1,9505Renegade Trailhawk 4WDA-9,1.3L,4cyl2422/27$1,9505T SSWrangler 2dr 4WDA-8,2.0L,4cyl2322/24$2,0505T SSA-8,3.6L,6cyl2120/24$2,2504MHEV SSA-8,3.6L,6cyl2018/23$2,3504SSM-6,3.6L,6cyl2017/25$2,3504SSWrangler 4dr 4WDA-8,2.0L,4cyl2221/24$2,1504T SSA-8,3.6L,6cyl2119/24$2,2504MHEV SSA-8,3.6L,6cyl2018/22$2,3504SSM-6,3.6L,6cyl1917/23$2,5003SSA-8,6.4L,8cyl1413/17$4,4001P C.D.Wrangler 4dr 4xeA-8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.T PHEV SSWrangler 4dr EcoDiesel 4WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2522/29$2,2004D T SSWrangler Rubic 4dr EcoDiesel 4WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2321/26$2,4004D T SSKIASeltos AWDAM-S7,1.6L,4cyl2725/30$1,7506T SSAV-S8,2.0L,4cyl2927/31$1,6506SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202131MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesSorento AWDA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2423/25$1,9505SSAM-S8,2.5L,4cyl2421/28$1,9505T SSSportage AWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2119/24$2,2504TA-S6,2.4L,4cyl2321/25$2,0505Telluride AWDA-S8,3.8L,6cyl2119/24$2,2504SSLAND ROVERDiscovery SportA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2019/23$3,0504P T SSEvoqueA-S9,2.0L,4cyl2220/27$2,8004P T SSRange Rover VelarA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2320/26$2,6505P T SSA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003P S SSRange Rover Velar P340 MHEVA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,8004P T MHEV SSRange Rover Velar P400 MHEVA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2119/25$2,9004P T MHEV SSLEXUSNX 300 AWDA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2422/28$2,5505PR TNX 300 AWD F SportA-S6,2.0L,4cyl2422/27$2,5505PR TNX 300h AWDAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl3133/30$1,5007HEV SSRX 350 AWDA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2219/26$2,1504RX 350 L AWDA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2118/25$2,2504LINCOLNCorsair AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/29$1,9505T SSA-S8,2.3L,4cyl2421/28$1,9505T SSCorsair AWD PHEVAV,2.5L,4cylSee page 43.PT4 PHEV SSNautilus AWDA-8,2.0L,4cyl2220/25$2,1504T SSA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2220/25$2,1504T SSA-S8,2.7L,6cyl2119/25$2,2504T SSMAZDACX-30 4WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2624/31$1,8005A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2624/31$1,8005C.D.A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2522/30$1,9005TCX-5 4WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2624/30$1,8005C.D.A-S6,2.5L,4cyl2422/27$1,9505TCX-9 4WDA-S6,2.5L,4cyl2320/26$2,0505TMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesMERCEDES-BENZAMG GLC43 4maticA-9,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SSAMG GLC43 4matic CoupeA-9,3.0L,6cyl2017/24$3,0504PR T SSAMG GLC63 4matic PlusA-9,4.0L,8cyl1715/22$3,6003PR T SSAMG GLC63 4matic Plus CoupeA-9,4.0L,8cyl1715/22$3,6003PR T SSAMG GLC63 S 4matic Plus CoupeA-9,4.0L,8cyl1715/22$3,6003PR T SSGLA250 4maticAM-8,2.0L,4cyl2724/33$2,2506PR T SSGLB250 4maticAM-8,2.0L,4cyl2623/30$2,3505PR T SSGLC300 4maticA-9,2.0L,4cyl2321/28$2,6505PR T SSGLC300 4matic CoupeA-9,2.0L,4cyl2422/28$2,5505PR T SSGLE350A-9,2.0L,4cyl2219/26$2,8004PR T SSGLE350 4maticA-9,2.0L,4cyl2219/26$2,8004PR T SSMITSUBISHIOutlander PHEVA-1,2.4L,4cylSee page 43.PHEVOutlander Sport 4WDAV-S6,2.0L,4cyl2623/29$1,8005AV-S6,2.4L,4cyl2523/28$1,9005NISSANRogue AWDAV-S8,1.5L,3cyl3330/36$1,4507TAV-S8,2.5L,4cyl2926/33$1,6506Rogue AWD SV/SL/PlatinumAV-S8,2.5L,4cyl2825/32$1,7006Rogue AWD SL/PlatinumAV-S8,1.5L,3cyl3229/35$1,5007TPORSCHEMacanAM-S7,2.0L,4cyl2119/23$2,9004P T SSMacan GTSAM-S7,2.9L,6cyl1917/22$3,2503PR T SSMacan SAM-S7,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$3,0504PR T SSMacan TurboAM-S7,2.9L,6cyl1917/21$3,2503PR T SS32MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesSUBARUCrosstrek AWDAV-S8,2.0L,4cyl3028/33$1,6006SSM-6,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$1,9005AV-S8,2.5L,4cyl2927/34$1,6506SSCrosstrek Hybrid AWDAV,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSForester AWDAV-S7,2.5L,4cyl2926/33$1,6506SSOutback AWDAV-S8,2.4L,4cyl2623/30$1,8005T SSAV-S8,2.5L,4cyl2926/33$1,6506SSTESLAModel Y Long Range AWDA-1125131/117$60010EVModel Y Performance AWDA-1111115/106$70010EVTOYOTAHighlander AWDA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2320/27$2,0505SSRAV4 AWDA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2927/33$1,6506SSA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2825/33$1,7006RAV4 AWD LEA-S8,2.5L,4cyl3027/34$1,6006SSRAV4 AWD TRD OFFROADA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2825/32$1,7006RAV4 Hybrid AWDAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl4041/38$1,2008HEV SSRAV4 Prime 4WDAV-S6,2.5L,4cylSee page 43.PHEV SSVenza AWDAV-S6,2.5L,4cyl3940/37$1,2008HEV SSVOLKSWAGENAtlas 4motionA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2220/24$2,1504T SSAtlas Cross Sport 4motionA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2220/24$2,1504T SSA-S8,3.6L,6cyl1917/23$2,5003SSID.4 AWD ProA-197102/90$80010EVID.4 AWD Pro SA-19398/88$80010EVTiguan 4motionA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/27$1,9505T SSVOLVOXC40 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2522/30$2,4505PR T SSXC40 AWD BEVA-17985/72$95010EVMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesXC60 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2421/28$2,5505PR T SSA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2320/27$2,6505PR T S SSXC60 AWD PHEVA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PR T S PHEV SSSTANDARD SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 2WDBMWX5 sDrive40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2321/26$2,6505P T MHEV SSX6 sDrive40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2321/26$2,6505P T MHEV SSBUICKEnclave FWDA-9,3.6L,6cyl2118/26$2,2504SSCADILLACEscalade 2WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,4004D T SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR C.D.SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/20$3,8502PR C.D.CHEVROLETSuburban 2WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,4004D T SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1816/20$2,6003C.D.SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1715/20$2,8003C.D.A-10,6.2L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR C.D.SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/20$3,8502PR C.D.Tahoe 2WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2421/28$2,3004D T SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1816/20$2,6003C.D.SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1715/20$2,8003C.D.A-10,6.2L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR C.D.SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/20$3,8502PR C.D.Traverse FWDA-9,3.6L,6cyl2118/27$2,2504SSDODGEDurango RWDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2119/26$2,2504SSA-8,5.7L,8cyl1714/22$3,3003Mid C.D.FORDExpedition 2WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1917/23$2,5003T SSExpedition MAX 2WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1917/23$2,5003T SSExplorer HEV RWDA-S10,3.3L,6cyl2727/28$1,7506HEV SSExplorer RWDA-10,2.3L,4cyl2421/28$1,9505T SSA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2421/28$1,9505T SSA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2118/26$2,2504T SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202133MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesGMCAcadia FWDA-9,2.0L,4cyl2522/29$1,9005T C.D.SSA-9,2.5L,4cyl2321/27$2,0505A-9,3.6L,6cyl2219/27$2,1504C.D.SSYukon 2WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,4004D T SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1816/20$2,6003C.D.SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1715/20$2,8003C.D.A-10,6.2L,8cyl1715/20$3,6003PR C.D.SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/20$3,8502PR C.D.Yukon XL 2WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,4004D T SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1816/20$2,6003C.D.SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1715/20$2,8003C.D.A-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/20$3,8502PR C.D.SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/20$3,8502PR C.D.HYUNDAIPalisade FWDA-S8,3.8L,6cyl2219/26$2,1504INFINITIQX80 2WDA-S7,5.6L,8cyl1614/20$3,8502PRJEEPGrand Cherokee 2WDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2119/26$2,2504SSGrand Cherokee L 2WDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2119/26$2,2504LINCOLNAviator RWDA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2118/26$2,2504T SSNavigator 2WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1816/22$2,6003T SSNavigator L 2WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1816/21$2,6003T SSNISSANArmada 2WDA-S7,5.6L,8cyl1614/19$3,8502PTOYOTA4Runner 2WDA-S5,4.0L,6cyl1716/19$2,8003Sequoia 2WDA-S6,5.7L,8cyl1513/17$3,1502VOLVOXC90 FWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2521/30$2,4505PR T SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesSTANDARD SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WDASTON MARTINDBX V8A-9,4.0L,8cyl1514/18$4,1002P T C.D.AUDIe-tronA-17878/77$1,00010EVe-tron SportbackA-17776/78$1,00010EVQ7A-S8,2.0L,4cyl2119/23$2,9004P T SSA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504P T MHEV SSQ8A-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504P T MHEV SSRS Q8A-S8,4.0L,8cyl1513/19$4,1002P T C.D.MHEV SSSQ7A-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T C.D.SSSQ8A-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T C.D.SSBENTLEYBentaygaA-S8,3.0L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSA-S8,4.0L,8cyl1815/24$3,4003P T C.D.SSA-S8,6.0L,12cyl1412/18$4,4001P T C.D.SSBMWAlpina XB7A-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T SSX5 MA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1513/18$4,1002P T SSX5 M CompetitionA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1513/18$4,1002P T SSX5 M50iA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1816/22$3,4003P T SSX5 xDrive40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2321/25$2,6505P T MHEV SSX5 xDrive45eA-S8,3.0L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSX6 MA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1513/18$4,1002P T SSX6 M CompetitionA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1513/18$4,1002P T SSX6 M50iA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1816/22$3,4003P T SSX6 xDrive40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2321/25$2,6505P T MHEV SSX7 M50iA-S8,4.4L,8cyl1715/21$3,6003P T SSX7 xDrive40iA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2119/24$2,9004P T MHEV SS34MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesBUICKEnclave AWDA-9,3.6L,6cyl2017/25$2,3504SSCADILLACEscalade 4WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,5004D T SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/19$3,8502PR C.D.SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1613/19$3,8502PR C.D.CHEVROLETSuburban 4WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,5004D T SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1715/19$2,8003C.D.SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1615/19$2,9502C.D.A-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/19$3,8502PR C.D.SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1613/19$3,8502PR C.D.Tahoe 4WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,5004D T SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1816/20$2,6003C.D.SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1715/20$2,8003C.D.A-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/19$3,8502PR C.D.SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1613/19$3,8502PR C.D.Traverse AWDA-9,3.6L,6cyl2017/25$2,3504SSDODGEDurango AWDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2118/25$2,2504SSA-8,5.7L,8cyl1714/22$3,3003Mid C.D.Durango SRT AWDA-8,6.2L,8cyl1312/17$4,7001P SA-8,6.4L,8cyl1513/19$4,1002P C.D.FORDExpedition 4WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1917/22$2,5003T PT4 SSExpedition MAX 4WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1816/21$2,6003T PT4 SSExplorer AWDA-10,2.3L,4cyl2320/27$2,0505T PT4 SSA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2320/27$2,0505T PT4 SSA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2018/24$2,3504T PT4 SSExplorer FFV AWDA-S10,3.3L,6cyl1916/23$2,5003Gas PT41311/15$3,1503E85Explorer HEV AWDA-S10,3.3L,6cyl2523/26$1,9005PT4 HEV SSExplorer Timberline AWDA-S10,2.3L,4cyl2119/23$2,2504T PT4 SSGENESISGV80 AWDA-S8,2.5L,4cyl2221/25$2,8004P T SSA-S8,3.5L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504P T SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesGMCAcadia AWDA-9,2.0L,4cyl2422/27$1,9505T C.D.SSA-9,3.6L,6cyl2119/26$2,2504C.D.SSYukon 4WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,5004D T SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1816/20$2,6003C.D.SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1715/20$2,8003C.D.A-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/19$3,8502PR C.D.SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1613/19$3,8502PR C.D.Yukon XL 4WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,5004D T SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1715/19$2,8003C.D.SSA-10,5.3L,8cyl1615/19$2,9502C.D.A-10,6.2L,8cyl1614/19$3,8502PR C.D.SSA-10,6.2L,8cyl1613/19$3,8502PR C.D.HYUNDAIPalisade AWDA-S8,3.8L,6cyl2119/24$2,2504INFINITIQX80 4WDA-S7,5.6L,8cyl1513/19$4,1002PRA-S7,5.6L,8cyl1513/19$4,1002PR MDPV.JEEPGrand Cherokee 4WDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2118/25$2,2504SSA-8,5.7L,8cyl1714/22$3,3003Mid C.D.Grand Cherokee L 4WDA-8,3.6L,6cyl2118/25$2,2504A-8,5.7L,8cyl1714/22$3,3003Mid C.D.Grand Cherokee SRT 4WDA-8,6.4L,8cyl1513/19$4,1002P C.D.Grand Cherokee Trackhawk 4WDA-8,6.2L,8cyl1311/17$4,7001P SLAMBORGHINIUrusA-S8,4.0L,8cyl1412/17$4,4001P T C.D.SSLAND ROVERDefender 110A-S8,2.0L,4cyl1817/20$3,4003P T SSDefender 110 MHEVA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1917/22$3,2503P T MHEV SSDefender 90A-S8,2.0L,4cyl1918/21$3,2503P T SSDefender 90 MHEVA-S8,3.0L,6cyl1917/22$3,2503P T MHEV SSDiscoveryA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2119/22$2,9004P T SSDiscovery MHEVA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2118/24$2,9004P T MHEV SSFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202135MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesRange RoverA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2422/28$2,3004D T SSA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1816/21$3,4003P S SSRange Rover LWBA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1816/21$3,4003P S SSRange Rover LWB SVAA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1513/19$4,1002P S SSRange Rover MHEVA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504P T MHEV SSRange Rover PHEVA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSRange Rover SportA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2422/28$2,3004D T SSA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1917/22$3,2503P S SSRange Rover Sport MHEVA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2119/24$2,9004P T MHEV SSRange Rover Sport PHEVA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSRange Rover Sport SVRA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1615/20$3,8502P S SSRange Rover SVAA-S8,5.0L,8cyl1614/19$3,8502P S SSLEXUSGX 460A-S6,4.6L,8cyl1615/19$3,8502PRLX 570A-S8,5.7L,8cyl1412/16$4,4001PRRX 450h AWDAV-S6,3.5L,6cyl3031/28$2,0506PR HEV SSRX 450h L AWDAV-S6,3.5L,6cyl2929/28$2,1006PR HEV SSLINCOLNAviator AWDA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2017/24$2,3504T PT4 SSAviator PHEV AWDA-S10,3.0L,6cylSee page 43.T PT4 PHEV SSNavigator 4WDA-S10,3.5L,6cyl1716/20$2,8003T PT4 SSMASERATILevanteA-8,3.0L,6cyl1816/22$3,4003PR T SSLevante GTSA-8,3.8L,8cyl1613/20$3,8502PR T SSLevante SA-8,3.0L,6cyl1816/22$3,4003PR T SSLevante TrofeoA-8,3.8L,8cyl1613/20$3,8502PR T SSMERCEDES-BENZAMG G63A-9,4.0L,8cyl1413/16$4,4001PR T C.D.SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesAMG GLE53 4matic PlusA-9,3.0L,6cyl1918/22$3,2503PR MHEV SSAMG GLE53 4matic Plus CoupeA-9,3.0L,6cyl2018/23$3,0504PR MHEV SSAMG GLE63 S 4matic PlusA-9,4.0L,8cyl1615/19$3,8502PR T C.D.MHEV SSAMG GLE63 S 4matic Plus CoupeA-9,4.0L,8cyl1715/19$3,6003PR T C.D.MHEV SSAMG GLS63 4matic PlusA-9,4.0L,8cyl1614/18$3,8502PR T C.D.MHEV SSG550A-9,4.0L,8cyl1817/19$3,4003PR T C.D.SSGLE450 4maticA-9,3.0L,6cyl2321/26$2,6505PR T MHEV SSGLE580 4maticA-9,4.0L,8cyl1917/22$3,2503PR T C.D.MHEV SSGLS450 4maticA-9,3.0L,6cyl2120/24$2,9004PR T MHEV SSGLS580 4maticA-9,4.0L,8cyl1816/21$3,4003PR T C.D.MHEV SSGLS600 4matic MaybachA-9,4.0L,8cyl1615/19$3,8502PR T C.D.MHEV SSNISSANArmada 4WDA-S7,5.6L,8cyl1513/18$4,1002PA-S7,5.6L,8cyl1513/18$4,1002P MDPV.PORSCHECayenneA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2019/23$3,0504P T SSCayenne CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2019/23$3,0504P T SSCayenne e-HybridA-S8,3.0L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSCayenne e-Hybrid CoupeA-S8,3.0L,6cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSCayenne GTSA-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/19$3,6003PR T SSCayenne GTS CoupeA-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/19$3,6003PR T SSCayenne SA-S8,2.9L,6cyl2018/22$3,0504P T SSCayenne S CoupeA-S8,2.9L,6cyl1918/22$3,2503P T SSCayenne TurboA-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/19$3,6003PR T SSCayenne Turbo CoupeA-S8,4.0L,8cyl1715/19$3,6003PR T SSCayenne Turbo S e-HybridA-S8,4.0L,8cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SSCayenne Turbo S e-Hybrid CoupeA-S8,4.0L,8cylSee page 43.P T PHEV SS36MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)Comb City/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesSUBARUAscentAV-S8,2.4L,4cyl2321/27$2,0505TAscent Limited/TouringAV-S8,2.4L,4cyl2220/26$2,1504TTESLAModel X Long Range Plus A-1105109/101$70010EVModel X Performance(20in Wheels)A-197100/95$80010EVModel X Performance(22in Wheels)A-18689/83$90010EVTOYOTA4Runner 4WDA-S5,4.0L,6cyl1716/19$2,8003PT4A-S5,4.0L,6cyl1716/19$2,8003Highlander Hybrid AWD AV-S6,2.5L,4cyl3535/35$1,3507HEV SSHighlander Hybrid AWD LTD/PLAT AV-S6,2.5L,4cyl3535/34$1,3507HEV SSLand Cruiser Wagon 4WDA-S8,5.7L,8cyl1413/17$3,4001Sequoia 4WDA-S6,5.7L,8cyl1413/17$3,4001PT4VOLKSWAGENAtlas 4motionA-S8,3.6L,6cyl1816/22$2,6003SSVOLVOXC90 AWDA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2320/28$2,6505PR T SSA-S8,2.0L,4cyl2219/28$2,8004PR T S SSXC90 AWD PHEVA-S8,2.0L,4cylSee page 43.PR T S PHEV SSDIESEL VEHICLESFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202137Diesel-powered vehicles are typically more fuel efficient thancomparable vehicles powered by gasoline.Diesel engines areinherently more energy-efficient,and diesel fuel contains roughly10%more energy per gallon than gasoline.In addition,newadvances in diesel engine technology have improved performance,reduced engine noise and fuel odor,and decreased emissions ofharmful air pollutants.Ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels also help reduceemissions from these vehicles.38MPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)CombCity/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesSMALL PICKUP TRUCKS 2WDCHEVROLETColorado 2WDA-6,2.8L,4cyl2320/30$2,4004D TGMCCanyon 2WDA-6,2.8L,4cyl2320/30$2,4004D TSMALL PICKUP TRUCKS 4WDCHEVROLETColorado 4WDA-6,2.8L,4cyl2219/28$2,5004D TColorado ZR2 4WDA-6,2.8L,4cyl1918/22$2,9003D TGMCCanyon 4WDA-6,2.8L,4cyl2219/28$2,5004D TSTANDARD PICKUP TRUCKS 2WDCHEVROLETSilverado 2WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2723/33$2,0505D T SSGMCSierra 2WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2623/30$2,1005D T SSRAM1500 2WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2622/32$2,1005D T SS1500 HFE 2WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2623/33$2,1005D TSTANDARD PICKUP TRUCKS 4WDCHEVROLETSilverado 4WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2422/26$2,3004D T SSFORDF150 Pickup 4WDA-S10,3.0L,6cyl2320/27$2,4004D T SSGMCSierra 4WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2422/26$2,3004D T SSSierra 4WD AT4A-10,3.0L,6cyl2422/26$2,3004D T SSJEEPGladiator EcoDiesel 4WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2422/28$2,3004D T SSGladiator Rubicon EcoDiesel 4WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2421/27$2,3004D T SSRAM1500 4WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2421/29$2,3004D T SSMPGManufacturerModelConguration(trans,eng size,cyl)CombCity/HwyAnnualFuelCostGHGRatingNotesSMALL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WDJEEPWrangler 4dr EcoDiesel 4WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2522/29$2,2004D T SSWrangler Rubic 4dr EcoDiesel 4WDA-8,3.0L,6cyl2321/26$2,4004D T SSSTANDARD SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 2WDCADILLACEscalade 2WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,4004D T SSCHEVROLETSuburban 2WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,4004D T SSTahoe 2WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2421/28$2,3004D T SSGMCYukon 2WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,4004D T SSYukon XL 2WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2321/27$2,4004D T SSSTANDARD SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WDCADILLACEscalade 4WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,5004D T SSCHEVROLETSuburban 4WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,5004D T SSTahoe 4WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,5004D T SSGMCYukon 4WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,5004D T SSYukon XL 4WDA-10,3.0L,6cyl2220/26$2,5004D T SSLAND ROVERRange RoverA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2422/28$2,3004D T SSRange Rover SportA-S8,3.0L,6cyl2422/28$2,3004D T SSALL-ELECTRIC VEHICLESFUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202139All-electric vehicles(EVs)are propelled by one or more electricmotors powered by a rechargeable battery.EVs are energy efficientand emit no tailpipe pollutants,although the power plant producingthe electricity may emit pollution.Electric motors have several performance benets.They are quiet,have instant torque for quick acceleration,enable regenerativebraking,and require less maintenance than internal combustionengines.Current EVs typically have a shorter driving range than comparablegasoline or hybrid vehicles,and their range is more sensitive todriving style,driving conditions,and accessory use.Fully rechargingthe battery can take several hoursthough a“fast charge”to80pacity may take as little as 30 minutes.Charging optionsoutside the home are expanding.More than 26,000 public and 1,000workplace charging stations are available.EVs are typically moreexpensive than comparable conventional vehicles and hybrids dueto the cost of the large battery.However,as manufacturers continueto improve the driving range and reduce the cost of these vehicles,they are becoming more practical and affordable for a wider range ofconsumers.A federal income tax credit of up to$7,500 is currently available toconsumers purchasing a qualifying EV.(Note that the federal taxcredit begins to phase out after the manufacturer has sold more than200,000 qualifying vehicles.)State and/or local incentives may alsoapply.For additional information on EVs,including tax incentives andphase-out dates,visit fueleconomy.gov.40Fuel Economy(comb/city/hwy)ModelMotorBatteryTypeMPGekWh/100 miDrivingRange*(miles)ChargeTime(hrs 240)AnnualFuelCostGHGRatingSUBCOMPACT CARSBMWi3125 kW AC InductionLi-Ion113/124/10230/27/331537$65010i3s135 kW AC InductionLi-Ion113/124/10230/27/331537$65010MINICooper SE Hardtop 2 door135 kW DCPMLi-Ion108/115/10031/29/341104$70010COMPACT CARSKANDIK2720 kW AC InductionLi-Ion114/127/10230/27/33597$65010PORSCHETaycan Perf Battery240 kW ACPMLi-Ion79/76/8441/43/392009.5$90010Taycan Perf Battery Plus280 kW ACPMLi-Ion75/71/8045/47/4222510.5$1,00010MIDSIZE CARSHYUNDAIIoniq Electric100 kW AC PMSMLi-Ion133/145/12125/23/281705.8$55010NISSANLeaf(40 kW-hr battery pack)110 kW DCPMLi-Ion111/123/9930/27/341498$70010Leaf(62 kW-hr battery pack)160 kW DCPMLi-Ion108/118/9731/29/3522611$70010Leaf SV/SL(62 kW-hr battery pack)160 kW DCPMLi-Ion104/114/9432/29/3621511$75010POLESTAR2150 kW ACPMLi-Ion92/96/8837/35/382338$80010PORSCHETaycan 4 Cross Turismo175 and 320 kW ACPMLi-Ion76/76/7744/44/4421510.5$1,00010Taycan 4S Cross Turismo175 and 320 kW ACPMLi-Ion75/75/7545/45/4521510.5$1,00010Taycan Turbo Cross Turismo175 and 355 kW ACPMLi-Ion72/72/7247/47/4720410.5$1,05010Taycan Turbo S Cross Turismo190 and 335 kW ACPMLi-Ion73/74/7346/46/4620210.5$1,05010TESLAModel 3 Long Range AWD98 and 195 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion134/141/12725/24/273539.3/11.2$55010Model 3 Performance AWD131 and 190 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion113/118/10730/29/323159.6/11.6$65010Model 3 RWD Standard Range3-Phase AC InductionLi-IonNANANANANANAModel 3 Standard Range Plus RWD198 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion142/150/13324/22/252636.5/7.8$55010LARGE CARSPORSCHETaycan 4S Perf Battery194 and 280 kW ACPMLi-Ion79/79/8042/43/421999.5$95010Taycan 4S Perf Battery Plus210 and 250 kW ACPMLi-Ion77/75/8143/45/4222710.5$1,00010Taycan TurboTBD ACPMLi-Ion73/71/7545/46/4321210.5$1,00010Taycan Turbo STBD ACPMLi-Ion70/69/7148/49/4720110.5$1,10010TESLAModel S Long Range179 and 186 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion120/124/11528/27/294058.3/15$65010Model S Performance(19in Wheels)149 and 276 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion110/114/10631/30/323878.2/14.7$70010Model S Performance(21in Wheels)149 and 276 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion96/98/9335/34/363348.2/14.7$80010Model S Plaid(21inch wheels)250 and 250 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion101/102/9933/33/343488/15$75010SMALL STATION WAGONSCHEVROLETBolt EV150 kW ACPMLi-Ion118/127/10829/26/3125910$65010FUEL ECONOMY GUIDE 202141Fuel Economy(comb/city/hwy)ModelMotorBatteryTypeMPGekWh/100 miDrivingRange*(miles)ChargeTime(hrs 240)AnnualFuelCostGHGRatingFORDMustang Mach-E AWD198 and 198 kW AC PMSMLi-Ion93/100/8636/34/392118.5$80010Mustang Mach-E AWD Extended209 and 209 kW AC PMSMLi-Ion90/96/8437/35/4027010.7$85010Mustang Mach-E GT179 and 179 kW AC PMSMLi-Ion84/90/7740/37/4427010.3$90010Mustang Mach-E GT Performance179 and 179 kW AC PMSMLi-Ion82/88/7541/38/4526010.1$95010Mustang Mach-E RWD198 kW AC PMSMLi-Ion100/105/9334/32/362308.8$75010Mustang Mach-E RWD California Route 1216 kW ACPMLi-Ion101/108/9433/31/3630511.4$75010Mustang Mach-E RWD Extended216 kW AC PMSMLi-Ion97/104/9035/32/3730010.9$80010KIANiro Electric150 kW AC PMSMLi-Ion112/123/10230/27/332399.5$70010SMALL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 2WDHYUNDAIKona Electric150 kW AC PMSMLi-Ion120/132/10827/25/312589$60010TESLAModel Y RWD Long Range3-Phase AC InductionLi-IonNANANANANANAModel Y Standard Range RWD209 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion129/140/11926/24/282444.4/8$60010VOLKSWAGENID.4 1st150 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion97/104/8935/32/372507.5$80010ID.4 Pro150 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion99/107/9134/31/362607.5$75010ID.4 Pro S150 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion97/104/8935/32/372507.5$80010SMALL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WDJAGUARI-Pace EV400147 and 147 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion76/80/7244/42/4723413$1,00010TESLAModel Y Long Range AWD69 and 201 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion125/131/11727/26/293266.2/10$60010Model Y Performance AWD133 and 179 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion111/115/10630/29/323036.6/11.8$70010VOLKSWAGENID.4 AWD Pro80 and 150 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion97/102/9035/33/372497.5$80010ID.4 AWD Pro S80 and 150 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion93/98/8836/35/382407.5$80010VOLVOXC40 AWD BEV150 kW ACPMLi-Ion79/85/7243/39/472088$95010STANDARD SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 4WDAUDIe-tron141 and 172 kW Asynchron 3-PhaseLi-Ion78/78/7743/43/4322210$1,00010e-tron Sportback141 and 172 kW Asynchron 3-PhaseLi-Ion77/76/7844/44/4321810$1,00010TESLAModel X Long Range Plus180 and 189 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion105/109/10132/31/333718.3/15$70010Model X Performance(20in Wheels)151 and 273 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion97/100/9535/34/353418.3/15$80010Model X Performance(22in Wheels)151 and 273 kW AC 3-PhaseLi-Ion86/89/8339/38/413008.3/15$90010NOTES AND ABBREVIATIONS:*.Range for combined city/highway driving(55%city and 45%highway).First value is time required with the 48A high power charger option;secondvalue is with standard charger.First value is time required with the 72A high power charger option;secondvalue is with standard charger.AC Induction.Alternating current induction motorACPM.Alternating current permanent magnet motorDCPM.Direct current permanent magnet motorLi-Ion.Lithium-ionMPGe.Miles per gallon gasoline equivalentNA.Not availablePMSM.Permanent magnet synchronous motorTBD.To be determinedFUEL CELL VEHICLES42Though not yet available for the mass market,a limited numberof fuel cell vehicles(FCVs)are available for lease and sale in selectregions of the country,mostly in California.FCVs are propelled byelectric motors powered by fuel cells,which produce electricityfrom the chemical energy of hydrogen.Fuel cell technology is moreefficient than internal combustion engines and environmentallycleanerthe only by-product of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is water.However,several challenges must be overcome before FCVs aremass-marketed and sold across the country.For more informationabout FCVs,visit fueleconomy.gov and the Fuel Cell TechnologiesProgram website at www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cell-technologies-office/.ModelFuel Cell TypeMotorBattery Type&RatingFuelTypeFuel EconomyComb/City/HwyDriving Range(miles)COMPACT CARSTOYOTAMirai LimitedPEFC134 kW AC Synchronous311 V Li-IonHydrogenMPGe 65/67/64357MPK 64/65/63Mirai XLEPEFC134 kW AC Synchronous311 V Li-IonHydrogenMPGe 74/76/71402MPK 72/74/70MIDSIZE CARSHONDAClarity FCVPEM130 kW AC PMSM346 V Li-IonHydrogenMPGe 68/68/67360MPK 66/67/66SMALL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES 2WDHYUNDAINexoPEM120 kW
2021-12-04
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